RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of compensatory gain associated with the use of 10ppm ractopamine after a period of feed restriction in finishing pigs on performance, carcass and meat quality. Twenty castrated males and 20 females, at 110 days of age and 66.137±6.13kg live weight, were submitted to four treatments using a 2 x 2 factorial design (fed ad libitum or with 20% restriction between 0(21 days of age and fed with or without 10ppm ractopamine for 22(42 days of experimentation), with 10 replicates (animals). There was no interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated parameters. Animals treated with ractopamine presented better weight gain (1.083 versus 1.259kg), feed conversion (2.910 versus 2.577), warm and cold carcass weight (86.08 versus 89.00 and 83.46 versus 87.20kg, respectively), loin depth (63.02 versus 68.40mm), loin eye area (41.43 versus 46.59mm2) and muscle fiber diameter (27.48 versus 35.85µm). Animals submitted to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed presented compensatory gain without losses to carcass and meat characteristics, but with a reduction in the ethereal extract (2.19 versus 1.64%) and lower water loss due to thawing in the meat (11.35 versus 9.42%). The effects of compensatory gain after food restriction and ractopamine are independent of the parameters evaluated.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do ganho compensatório associado ao uso de 10ppm de ractopamina após um período de restrição alimentar, em suínos em terminação, sobre características de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade de carne. Foram utilizados 20 machos castrados e 20 fêmeas, com 110 dias de idade e 66,137±6,13kg de peso vivo, submetidos a quatro tratamentos, fatorial 2 x 2 (alimentação à vontade ou com 20% de restrição entre zero e 21 dias de experimentação; e alimentação à vontade, sem ou com 10ppm de ractopamina, durante 22 a 42 dias de experimentação), com 10 repetições, sendo o animal a repetição. Não houve interação entre os fatores para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Animais tratados com ractopamina apresentaram melhor ganho de peso (1,083 versus 1,259kg), conversão alimentar (2,910 versus 2,577), peso da carcaça quente e fria (86,08 versus 89,00 e 83,46 versus 87,20kg, respectivamente), profundidade do lombo (63,02 versus 68,40mm), área de olho de lombo (41,43 versus 46,59mm2) e diâmetro de fibras musculares (27,48 versus 35,85µm). Animais submetidos à restrição alimentar seguida de arraçoamento ad libitum apresentaram ganho compensatório sem prejuízos às características de carcaça e à carne, mas com redução do extrato etéreo (2,19 versus 1,64%) e menor perda de água por descongelamento na carne (11,35 versus 9,42%) Os efeitos do ganho compensatório após a restrição alimentar e da ractopamina mostram-se independentes sobre os parâmetros avaliados.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/análise , Carne Vermelha/análise , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal/veterináriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of compensatory gain associated with the use of 10ppm ractopamine after a period of feed restriction in finishing pigs on performance, carcass and meat quality. Twenty castrated males and 20 females, at 110 days of age and 66.137±6.13kg live weight, were submitted to four treatments using a 2 x 2 factorial design (fed ad libitum or with 20% restriction between 0(21 days of age and fed with or without 10ppm ractopamine for 22(42 days of experimentation), with 10 replicates (animals). There was no interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated parameters. Animals treated with ractopamine presented better weight gain (1.083 versus 1.259kg), feed conversion (2.910 versus 2.577), warm and cold carcass weight (86.08 versus 89.00 and 83.46 versus 87.20kg, respectively), loin depth (63.02 versus 68.40mm), loin eye area (41.43 versus 46.59mm2) and muscle fiber diameter (27.48 versus 35.85µm). Animals submitted to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed presented compensatory gain without losses to carcass and meat characteristics, but with a reduction in the ethereal extract (2.19 versus 1.64%) and lower water loss due to thawing in the meat (11.35 versus 9.42%). The effects of compensatory gain after food restriction and ractopamine are independent of the parameters evaluated.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do ganho compensatório associado ao uso de 10ppm de ractopamina após um período de restrição alimentar, em suínos em terminação, sobre características de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade de carne. Foram utilizados 20 machos castrados e 20 fêmeas, com 110 dias de idade e 66,137±6,13kg de peso vivo, submetidos a quatro tratamentos, fatorial 2 x 2 (alimentação à vontade ou com 20% de restrição entre zero e 21 dias de experimentação; e alimentação à vontade, sem ou com 10ppm de ractopamina, durante 22 a 42 dias de experimentação), com 10 repetições, sendo o animal a repetição. Não houve interação entre os fatores para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Animais tratados com ractopamina apresentaram melhor ganho de peso (1,083 versus 1,259kg), conversão alimentar (2,910 versus 2,577), peso da carcaça quente e fria (86,08 versus 89,00 e 83,46 versus 87,20kg, respectivamente), profundidade do lombo (63,02 versus 68,40mm), área de olho de lombo (41,43 versus 46,59mm2) e diâmetro de fibras musculares (27,48 versus 35,85µm). Animais submetidos à restrição alimentar seguida de arraçoamento ad libitum apresentaram ganho compensatório sem prejuízos às características de carcaça e à carne, mas com redução do extrato etéreo (2,19 versus 1,64%) e menor perda de água por descongelamento na carne (11,35 versus 9,42%) Os efeitos do ganho compensatório após a restrição alimentar e da ractopamina mostram-se independentes sobre os parâmetros avaliados.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/análise , Carne Vermelha/análise , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aumento de Peso , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal/veterináriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of compensatory gain associated with the use of 10ppm ractopamine after a period of feed restriction in finishing pigs on performance, carcass and meat quality. Twenty castrated males and 20 females, at 110 days of age and 66.137±6.13kg live weight, were submitted to four treatments using a 2 x 2 factorial design (fed ad libitum or with 20% restriction between 0(21 days of age and fed with or without 10ppm ractopamine for 22(42 days of experimentation), with 10 replicates (animals). There was no interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated parameters. Animals treated with ractopamine presented better weight gain (1.083 versus 1.259kg), feed conversion (2.910 versus 2.577), warm and cold carcass weight (86.08 versus 89.00 and 83.46 versus 87.20kg, respectively), loin depth (63.02 versus 68.40mm), loin eye area (41.43 versus 46.59mm2) and muscle fiber diameter (27.48 versus 35.85m). Animals submitted to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed presented compensatory gain without losses to carcass and meat characteristics, but with a reduction in the ethereal extract (2.19 versus 1.64%) and lower water loss due to thawing in the meat (11.35 versus 9.42%). The effects of compensatory gain after food restriction and ractopamine are independent of the parameters evaluated.
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do ganho compensatório associado ao uso de 10ppm de ractopamina após um período de restrição alimentar, em suínos em terminação, sobre características de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade de carne. Foram utilizados 20 machos castrados e 20 fêmeas, com 110 dias de idade e 66,137±6,13kg de peso vivo, submetidos a quatro tratamentos, fatorial 2 x 2 (alimentação à vontade ou com 20% de restrição entre zero e 21 dias de experimentação; e alimentação à vontade, sem ou com 10ppm de ractopamina, durante 22 a 42 dias de experimentação), com 10 repetições, sendo o animal a repetição. Não houve interação entre os fatores para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Animais tratados com ractopamina apresentaram melhor ganho de peso (1,083 versus 1,259kg), conversão alimentar (2,910 versus 2,577), peso da carcaça quente e fria (86,08 versus 89,00 e 83,46 versus 87,20kg, respectivamente), profundidade do lombo (63,02 versus 68,40mm), área de olho de lombo (41,43 versus 46,59mm2) e diâmetro de fibras musculares (27,48 versus 35,85µm). Animais submetidos à restrição alimentar seguida de arraçoamento ad libitum apresentaram ganho compensatório sem prejuízos às características de carcaça e à carne, mas com redução do extrato etéreo (2,19 versus 1,64%) e menor perda de água por descongelamento na carne (11,35 versus 9,42%) Os efeitos do ganho compensatório após a restrição alimentar e da ractopamina mostram-se independentes sobre os parâmetros avaliados.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI) varies according to the transplanted organ. Mortality can be as high as 24%, with a significant impact on graft survival. Transplantation is a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, but comparison with a non-transplanted population in a single large cohort has not been described. METHODS: This is a prospective nationwide study (16 centers) reporting data on 2364 monomicrobial nosocomial BSIs, comparing 83 episodes in solid organ transplant patients with 2447 BSIs occurring in the general hospital population. RESULTS: The prevalence of groups of infecting organisms (gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungi) was similar between transplant patients and the general population and a similar crude mortality rate was observed (34.9% in transplant vs. 43.3% in non-transplant patients). Staphylococcus aureus was the single most frequently isolated organism in both groups, and Acinetobacter species was more frequently isolated in the general population. Regarding MDR organisms, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species resistant to cefepime, as well as Acinetobacter species resistant to meropenem, were significantly more frequent in transplant patients. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial resistance is higher, particularly among gram-negative bacteria in the transplant population, although the overall mortality rate between transplant and non-transplant patients with nosocomial BSI is similar.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Candidemia/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Transplantados/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Acinetobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Candidemia/microbiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Feminino , Fungemia/epidemiologia , Fungemia/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pesticide chemical residues in water samples and biomarker responses in transplanted fish were used to monitor environmental hazards of pesticides in Palo Verde National Park (Costa Rica). The Costarican fish, Parachromis dovii (Ciclhidae) and Poecilia gillii (Poecillidae), were selected as sentinel species. Contaminant analyses detected up to 15 different pesticide residues in water with hexachlobenzene (2261 ng l(-1)), phorate (473 ng l(-1)), epoxiconazole (314) and bromacil (117 ng l(-1)) being the compounds found in higher concentrations. Biomarker responses evidenced impacts on cholinesterase activities in transplanted fish at Barbudal site probably due to the presence of organophosphate insecticides such as phorate. High enzyme activities of glutathione S-transferase and catalase and elevated levels of lipid peroxides were also observed at a site impacted by rice fields (Cabuyo); those effects could be associated with the presence of hexachloro benzene and triazole fungicides. In general, P. dovii biomarkers were affected to a greater extent than those of P. gillii in fish transplanted to sites associated with agriculture, which suggests the former species is a good candidate for future surveys.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Ciclídeos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Resíduos de Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Poecilia , Animais , Costa Rica , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
This study aimed to characterize environmental hazards of pesticides from pineapple production in riparian communities along the Jiménez River watershed. To achieve our objectives riparian ecological quality indices on riparian habitat and macroinvertebrate assemblages were combined with toxicity assays, fish biomarkers, physico-chemical water analysis and pesticide environmental hazards. During two consecutive years and two periods (July and October), three reference and four impacted sites were monitored. The ecological quality of benthic macroinvertebrates and of riparian habitats deteriorated from the reference sites downstream to the polluted reaches along the Jiménez River area affected by pineapple plantations. The toxicity of water to Daphnia magna also increased towards downstream reaches. Biomarkers of fish of the species Poecilia gillii and Bryconamericus scleroparius transplanted across the studied sites evidenced a clear anticholinergic effect towards downstream sites as well as increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Different pesticide residues were frequently detected in water samples collected across the Jiménez River watershed with herbicides (ametryn, bromacil, diuron), organophosphorus insecticides (diazinon and ethoprophos) and triazole fungicides being the greatest reaching levels above 1 µg L(-1) in downstream sites. Principal component and environmental hazard analysis of physico-chemical and biological responses established clear relationships among habitat deterioration and the ecological quality of macroinvertebrate communities, high levels of herbicides and poor plant growth, high levels of organophosphorus insecticides in water and anticholinesterase effects on fish, D. magna mortality and deterioration of macroinvertebrate communities. Fungicide and herbicide residue levels were also related with high levels of lipid peroxidation and high activities of glutathione S transferase in fish liver, respectively. These results indicated, thus, that riparian habitat deterioration due to deforestation and land use for agriculture and pesticide contamination are affecting river ecosystems.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Resíduos de Praguicidas/toxicidade , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Agricultura , Ananas , Animais , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida , Costa Rica , Daphnia/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Peixes/metabolismo , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Rios , Estações do Ano , Extração em Fase Sólida , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Survival responses of adult stages of the calanoid copepod A. tonsa during and after pulse exposures to cypermethrin were used to evaluate the environmental risks of cypermethrin treatments in the marine environment. To control sea lice, whole cages of salmon are exposed to cypermethrin over 1 h, after which the effluent is released into the environment and subsequently dissipates. Here we simulate this short presence of the chemical in the water column. The present study revealed that delayed toxicity in A. tonsa adults, here expressed as decreased survival, occurred following short term pulse exposures to cypermethrin. Persistent, sensitive responses to cypermethrin during and after pulse exposures of 24 h were similar to those reported in conventional acute tests, suggesting that damage caused by accumulated levels of cypermethrin during the first 24 h of exposure could explain long-term toxicity responses in A. tonsa. Delayed toxicity following 1 h pulse exposures to cypermethrin impaired male survival and therefore changed copepod sex ratios. The proposed delayed toxicity tests were considered sensitive and suggest potentially detrimental effects of cypermethrin on copepod populations within the vicinity of the cages. By monitoring toxic responses following pulsed exposures, delayed toxicity tests are especially suitable to assess environmental risks of poorly water-soluble substances that dissipate rapidly within the water column.
Assuntos
Aquicultura , Copépodes , Cadeia Alimentar , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental , Dinâmica Populacional , Medição de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
A group of experts on schistosomiasis and ultrasonography discussed the experiences and results obtained with the Niamey-Belo Horizonte Protocol on Ultrasonography in Schistosomiasis. A series of recommendations about qualitative and quantitative data obtained by ultrasound in studies performed in Africa and Brazil are presented. Immunological, genetic and epidemiological studies must rely on ultrasound for the identification of patients with periportal thickening/fibrosis.
Assuntos
Congressos como Assunto , Esquistossomose/diagnóstico por imagem , África , Brasil , Protocolos Clínicos , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenic purpura (Evans Syndrome), treated with immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone and azathioprine) developed brain abscess unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy, in spite of its 23 days duration. Diagnosis could be possible after recover secretion of peribulbar abscess and maintenance of this material over seven days in incubation.
Assuntos
Abscesso Encefálico/complicações , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Nocardiose/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas/complicações , Adulto , Abscesso Encefálico/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Nocardiose/imunologia , Infecções Oportunistas/imunologiaRESUMO
Reports on abdominal ultrasound studies in patients with acute schistosomiasis are still scarce and limited data are available on structural changes of the liver parenchyma in this stage of the disease. 26 patients with acute schistosomiasis mansoni were submitted to clinical and ultrasound examination. For ultrasound comparison, each acute patient was paired by age, gender, weight and height to a non-infected individual. Ultrasound showed a non-specific homogeneous size increase of the liver, and spleen in all acute patients, and easily identified intraabdominal lymph nodes in the periportal region in most cases. Three out of the five patients with periportal thickening underwent percutaneous liver biopsy. Periportal thickening disappeared 6 months after treatment for schistosomiasis. 24 months after successful treatment there was involution of the liver and spleen; lymph nodes, although reduced in size, were still easily recognized. Liver biopsy showed dense inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils in the portal tracts associated with discrete fibrous tissue formation.
Assuntos
Abdome/diagnóstico por imagem , Esquistossomose mansoni/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquistossomose mansoni/patologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
This paper reports reduction on the reproductive capacity of female mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, either in the acute phase or in the chronic one of the disease. This decrease in the reproductive capacity was highly significant (93.3% and 86.7%, for the acute and chronic phases, respectively).
Assuntos
Reprodução , Esquistossomose mansoni/fisiopatologia , Animais , Feminino , Genitália Feminina/parasitologia , Genitália Feminina/patologia , Camundongos , Esquistossomose mansoni/patologiaRESUMO
This paper reports reduction on the reproductive capacity of female mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, either in the acute phase or in the chronic one of the disease. This decrease in the reproductive capacity was highly significant (93.3% and 86.7%, for the acute and chronic phases, respectively).
Este trabalho trata de redução na capacidade reprodutiva de camundongos fêmeas infectados com Schistosoma mansoni, tanto na fase aguda como na fase crônica da doença. Esta diminuição da capacidade reprodutiva foi altamente significativa, com índices de 93,3% e 86,7% nas fases aguda e crônica, respectivamente.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Esquistossomose mansoni/fisiopatologia , Reprodução , Esquistossomose mansoni/patologia , Genitália Feminina/parasitologia , Genitália Feminina/patologiaRESUMO
The cases of five patients with unusual manifestation of acute schistosomiasis mansoni are described in this paper. One patient developed skin lesions, three displayed diverse lung involvement, and one presented pyrogenic liver abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Assuntos
Humanos , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Dermatite/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Pneumonia/parasitologiaRESUMO
The cases of five patients with unusual manifestations of acute schistosomiasis mansoni are described in this paper. One patient developed skin lesions, three displayed diverse lung involvement, and one presented pyogenic liver abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus.