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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the ROX index's accuracy in predicting the success or failure of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in children under 2 years with acute respiratory failure (ARF) from lower respiratory tract infections. METHODS: From January 2018 to 2021 we conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study, which included patients aged 2-24 months. We aimed to assess HFNC therapy outcomes as either success or failure. The analysis covered patient demographics, diagnoses, vital signs, and ROX index values at intervals from 0 to 48 h after initiating HFNC. We used bivariate analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, multivariate logistic regression, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study involved 529 patients from six centers, with 198 females (37%) and a median age of 9 months (IQR: 3-15 months). HFNC therapy failed in 38% of cases. We observed significant variability in failure rates across different centers and physicians (p < .001). The ROX index was significantly associated with HFNC outcomes at all time points, showing an increasing trend in success cases over time (p < .001), but not in HFNC failure cases. Its predictive ability is limited, with AUC-ROC values ranging from 0.56 at the start to 0.67 at 48 h. CONCLUSION: While the ROX index is associated with HFNC outcomes in children under 2 years, its predictive ability is modest, impacted by significant variability among patients, physicians, and centers. These findings emphasize the need for more reliable predictive tools for HFNC therapy in this patient population.

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Objetivo Describir la tasa de mortalidad de infección por coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, en inglés) y los factores de riesgo asociados a la severidad de la enfermedad en pacientes con trasplante renal de un centro del nordeste colombiano. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo de una cohorte de pacientes en seguimiento postrasplante renal, en el que se hizo una búsqueda retrospectiva de los que presentaron infección por SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo del 2020 y mayo del 2021. Para el análisis, se incluyeron los pacientes con infección confirmada mediante pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (polymerase chain reaction, PCR, en inglés), de antígenos, o de anticuerpos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, y un análisis bivariado de los posibles factores asociados con el riesgo de mortalidad. Resultados Con un total de 307 individuos en seguimiento, se encontró una prevalencia del 14,3% (n = 44) de infección por enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, en inglés). La media de edad fue de 56 años, con predominio del género masculino. El esquema de inmunosupresión más frecuente fue micofenolato­tacrolimus­prednisona. Entre los pacientes infectados, la mortalidad fue del 34,1% (15/44), lo que representa el 4,8% de toda la población a estudio. Maás de la mitad de los pacientes requirieron hemodiálisis, y en el 86,7% fue necesario hacer ajustes en el esquema de inmunosupresión. Conclusión La prevalencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en nuestro grupo de trasplantes fue similar a la reportada por otros grupos de trasplante del país, y mayor a la de la población no trasplantada. El valor de creatinina previo a la infección, la edad y las comorbilidades se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad.

Objective To describe the mortality related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the risk factors associated with disease severity in patients submitted to a kidney transplant from a center in northeastern Colombia. Materials and Methods The present is a descriptive study of a cohort of patients in follow-up care after kidney transplant, with a retrospective search for those who presented SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and May 2021. Patients with confirmed infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antigens or antibodies tests were included for analysis. We performed a descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical variables as well as a bivariate analysis to evaluate the possible factors associated with the risk of mortality. Results With a total of 307 individuals in follow-up care, a prevalence of 14.3% (n = 44) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection was found. The mean age of the sample was of 56 years, with a male predominance. The most frequent immunosuppression regimen was mycophenolate-tacrolimus-prednisone. Among the infected patients, the mortality rate was of 34.1% (15/44), representing 4.8% of the entire study population. More than half of the patients required hemodialysis, and 86.7% required adjustments to the immunosuppression regimen. Conclusion The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in our transplant group was similar to that reported by other transplant groups in the country and higher than among the non-transplanted population. The preinfection creatinine value, age, and comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of mortality.

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Preeclampsia is a disorder specific of the human being that appears after 20 weeks of pregnancy, characterized by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria. Abnormal placentation and reduced placental perfusion associated to impaired trophoblast invasion and alteration in the compliance of uterine spiral arteries are the early pathological findings that are present before the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. Later on, the endothelial and vascular dysfunction responsible of the characteristic vasoconstriction of preeclampsia appear. Different nutritional risk factors such as a maternal deficit in the intake of calcium, protein, vitamins and essential fatty acids, have been shown to play a role in the genesis of preeclampsia, but also an excess of weight gain during pregnancy or a pre-pregnancy state of obesity and overweight, which are associated to hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance and maternal systemic inflammation, are proposed as one of the mechanism that conduce to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, proteinuria, thrombotic responses, multi-organ damage, and high maternal mortality and morbidity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that pregnant women that suffer preeclampsia will have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and related mortality in their later life. In this article we will discuss the results of studies performed in different populations that have shown an interrelationship between obesity and overweight with the presence of preeclampsia. Moreover, we will review some of the common mechanisms that explain this interrelationship, particularly the alterations in the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway as a crucial mechanism that is common to obesity, preeclampsia and cardiovascular diseases.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of the gene qacEdelta1 and characterize the resistance to biocides of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) obtained from clinical isolates causing nosocomial infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total 59 ESBL-PE causing nosocomial infections were included: Klebsiella pneumoniae (35) and Enterobacter cloacae (24). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was tested for chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (CLBZ) by agar dilution technique. Amplification of the SHV, TLA-1 and qacEdelta1 genes were performed by PCR using specific primers and plasmid identification was done by alkaline lysis method. Matting experiments were obtained on solid agar method. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine-resistance was found in 100% of the ESBL-PE and benzalkonium chloride-resistance in 80%. In 68% of the biocides-resistant strains the qacEdelta1 gene was present. The 66% of resulting transconjugants were resistant to CHX and the gene qacEdelta1 was detected in 55%. CONCLUSIONS: The qacEdelta1 gene of antiseptic resistance is widespread in the EP-ESBL and can be transferred horizontally. Thus it is advisable to use combinations of antiseptics, as recommended in the literature, to avoid selection of multiresistant bacteria in hospitals, causing nosocomial infections.

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The acquisition of ß-lactamases, such as class B metallo-ß-lactamases, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is detrimental to antimicrobial therapy in hospitalized patients. In Mexico, metallo-ß-lactamase IMP-15 has been found to be encoded on the In95 class 1 integron in a major clone of P. aeruginosa. In this work, we describe the variability of this class 1 integron in an epidemic clone of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates highly related to isolates previously described in Mexico.

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