RESUMO
In Uruguay, there was no information about the variations degree in Bothrops pubescens venoms until the present work, in which we investigated intraspecific venom variation using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We found some differences in the venom protein profile; however, they were not related to the parameters studied (geographic distribution, weight, sex, and captivity time). Moreover, we distinguished two different groups in relation to band densities at 49 and 57 kDa. Specimens with predominant density in the 49kDa band tend to be predominantly females. Weight distribution in this group extended for all the range (150-1500 g) with an average weight of 720 g. The other group (57kDa predominant band) showed restricted weight range (150-400 g) with an average weight of 280 g. Cluster analysis was also performed. The variability observed in the venom profile probably corresponds to genetic variations.
RESUMO
In Uruguay, there was no information about the variations degree in Bothrops pubescens venoms until the present work, in which we investigated intraspecific venom variation using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We found some differences in the venom protein profile; however, they were not related to the parameters studied (geographic distribution, weight, sex, and captivity time). Moreover, we distinguished two different groups in relation to band densities at 49 and 57 kDa. Specimens with predominant density in the 49kDa band tend to be predominantly females. Weight distribution in this group extended for all the range (150-1500 g) with an average weight of 720 g. The other group (57kDa predominant band) showed restricted weight range (150-400 g) with an average weight of 280 g. Cluster analysis was also performed. The variability observed in the venom profile probably corresponds to genetic variations.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Venenos de Serpentes , Análise por Conglomerados , Viperidae , Bothrops , Eletroforese , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
A base-line survey was carried out on the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena and Taenia ovis in sheep in the Department of Florida, Uruguay. Mean life expectancy at birth of the sheep population in this Department was estimated at 3.5 and 4.8 years for male and female sheep, respectively. Both intensity and prevalence of E. granulosus infection increased with age providing no evidence that immunity was acquired in the population. This revealed that E. granulosus was only relatively stable and in an equilibrium endemic steady state with an estimate of the basic reproduction ratio (Ro) of about 1.2. The mature larval population in sheep was over-dispersed with parameter k, from fitting a negative binomial, being 0.199 and 0.556 in 42- and 54-month-old sheep, respectively. The mean number of cysts increased by 1.05 cysts per year and the infection pressure was calculated as 0.174 infections per year, implying that each infection consisted of 693.6 eggs to produce 6.03 cysts. Neither intensity nor prevalence of infection with T. hydatigena or T. ovis increased with age. This indicated that immunity was acquired to reinfection by both parasites and they were in an equilibrium hyperenedemic steady state with an estimated Ro of 4.2-5.8. Viability and fertility of E. granulosus, and viability of T. hydatigena cysts in the older age groups were low. The effects of the different transmission levels of the parasites on potential control strategies are discussed.
Assuntos
Equinococose/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/transmissão , Teníase/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Equinococose/transmissão , Echinococcus , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Taenia , Teníase/epidemiologia , Teníase/transmissão , Uruguai/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio preliminar para determinar la reacción de los tejidos en ovinos vacunados con vacuna antiaftosa con adyuvante oleoso, según la vía de inoculación y dosis variables de vacuna. Con base en las observaciones de campo, inspección veterinaria en playa de faena y estudios histológicos se hicieron las siguientes observaciones: a) no existieron diferencias significativas en las reacciones macroscópicas y microscópicas entre las vacunas oleosas preparadas en emulsión simple o doble; b) al igual que lo ya demostrado en la especie bovina, este tipo de vacunas puede ser administrado por vía intramuscular utilizando el tercio anterior de la tabla de cuello como punto de elección; c) la vía intraperitoneal fue inocua y se sugiere la realización de futuros estudios conducentes a determinar si esta vía es aplicable en el campo, especialmente cuando se usa la emulsión doble; d) se deberá determinar la respuesta inmunitaria para la especie ovina, por las distinas vías y a diferentes dosis.
A preliminary study was conducted to determine tissue response in sheep vaccinated with oil-adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, according to route of inoculation and varying vaccine doses. Based on field observations, veterinary inspection at slaughterhouse and histological studies, the following observations were made: (a) no signigicant differences were observed in the macroscopic or microscopic reactions of the oil- adjuvanted vaccines prepared as primary or double emulsions; (b) as previously demonstrated in cattle, this type of vaccine can be administered intramuscularly in the forward third part of the flat of the neck; (c) the intraperitoneal route was innocuous, and it is suggested that future studies be conducted to ascertain whether this route is applicable in the field, especially when double emulsion is utilized; (d) the immune response should be determined in sheep for the different routes and varying doses.