RESUMO
Propolis is a honeybee product that has been used since ancient times because of its therapeutic effects. It can be used in the development of alternative therapies for the treatment of many diseases, and because propolis shows antibacterial action, this work was carried out in order to investigate a possible synergism between propolis and antibiotics acting on DNA (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) and on the metabolism (cotrimoxazole) against Salmonella typhi. Propolis samples collected in Brazil and Bulgaria were compared in these assays, and the synergism was investigated by using ½ and » of the minimal inhibitory concentration for propolis and antibiotics, evaluating the number of viable cells according to the incubation time. Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis showed antibacterial activity, but no synergistic effects with the three tested antibiotics were seen. Previous works by our laboratory have revealed that propolis has synergistic effects with antibiotics, acting on the bacterial wall and ribosome, but it does not seem to interact with antibiotics acting on DNA or folic acid, and only a bacteriostatic action was seen in these assay conditions.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Própole/farmacologia , Salmonella typhi/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Bulgária , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , DNA Bacteriano , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Norfloxacino/farmacologia , Salmonella typhi/genética , Salmonella typhi/metabolismo , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans, and the use of antibiotics is essential for controlling this infection; however, the excessive use of antibiotics may select resistant strains. Propolis is a honeybee product and its antimicrobial activity has been intensively investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate a possible synergism between propolis (collected in Brazil and Bulgaria) and antibiotics acting on the ribosome (chloramphenicol, tetracycline and neomycin) against Salmonella Typhi in vitro. The synergism was investigated by using ½ and » of the minimum inhibitory concentration for propolis and these antimicrobial agents, evaluating the number of viable cells according to the incubation time. Brazilian propolis showed a bacteriostatic action against S. Typhi, while Bulgarian propolis showed a bactericidal activity and a synergistic effect with the three antibiotics. Variations in the biological assays might be due to the differences in their chemical compositions. Based on the results, one may conclude that Bulgarian propolis showed an important antibacterial action, as well as a synergistic effect with antibiotics acting on the ribosome, which points out a possible therapeutic strategy evaluating the use of propolis preparations for the treatment of Salmonella Typhi infection.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Própole/farmacologia , Ribossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhi/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Propolis shows biological properties such as antibacterial action. This bee product has a complex chemical composition, which depends on the local flora where it is produced. Salmonella serovars are responsible for human diseases that range from localized gastroenteritis to systemic infections. The aim of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of Salmonella strains, isolated from food and infectious processes, to the antibacterial action of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis, as well as to determine the behavior of these bacteria, according to the incubation period, in medium plus propolis. Dilution of ethanolic extract of propolis in agar was the used method. Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis showed an antibacterial action against all Salmonella serovars. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of propolis were similar, although they were collected in different geographic regions. Salmonella typhimurium, isolated from human infection, was more resistant to propolis than Salmonella enteritidis.
RESUMO
Propolis shows biological properties such as antibacterial action. This bee product has a complex chemical composition, which depends on the local flora where it is produced. Salmonella serovars are responsible for human diseases that range from localized gastroenteritis to systemic infections. The aim of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of Salmonella strains, isolated from food and infectious processes, to the antibacterial action of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis, as well as to determine the behavior of these bacteria, according to the incubation period, in medium plus propolis. Dilution of ethanolic extract of propolis in agar was the used method. Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis showed an antibacterial action against all Salmonella serovars. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of propolis were similar, although they were collected in different geographic regions. Salmonella typhimurium, isolated from human infection, was more resistant to propolis than Salmonella enteritidis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bacillus Gaertner , Própole/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Salmonella , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , AntibacterianosAssuntos
Própole/química , Poluentes Radioativos/análise , Radioisótopos/análise , Animais , Abelhas , Brasil , Bulgária , Monitoramento Ambiental , ItáliaRESUMO
Propolis is a beehive product with a very complex chemical composition, widely used in folk medicine because of its several therapeutic activities. Its biological properties and chemical composition may vary according to the geographic location and to the different plant sources. The possible mechanism of action of propolis as well as of its active compounds has been the subject of researchers in recent years. In this work, first we reported the results of our study on the seasonal effect of the immunomodulatory action of propolis on antibody production in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-immunized rats. Then, we compared the effect of Brazilian and Bulgarian propolis, some isolated compounds and Baccharis extract on anti-BSA antibody levels. Based on the results, we conclude that propolis stimulates antibody production, independently of the season and geographic origin. Caffeic acid, quercetin and Baccharis extract had no effect on antibody production, although the importance of isolated compounds is well reported in other biological assays. Propolis action is a consequence of plant-derived products with synergic effects, while isolated compounds or extracts from its plant sources had no effect in this assay.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Própole/farmacologia , Quercetina/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/imunologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Bulgária , Ácidos Cafeicos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Própole/imunologia , Quercetina/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most important systemic mycosis in Latin America. Its etiological agent, Paracoccidoides brasiliensis, affects individuals living in endemic areas through inhalation of airborne conidia or mycelial fragments. The disease may affect different organs and systems, with multiple clinical features, with cell-mediated immunity playing a significant role in host defence. Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were stimulated with Brazilian or Bulgarian propolis and subsequently challenged with P. brasiliensis. Data suggest an increase in the fungicidal activity of macrophages by propolis stimulation, independently from its geographic origin.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Paracoccidioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Própole/farmacologia , Animais , Abelhas , Brasil , Bulgária , Interferon gama , Ativação de Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Paracoccidioides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Própole/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
2',3'-Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone (1) and 2',3',4-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-chalcone, two new chalcones, were isolated from propolis from El Salvador. The compounds showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity and moderate toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/química , Artemia , Chalcona/química , Propiofenonas/química , Própole/química , Animais , Antibacterianos , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Cafeicos/toxicidade , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Chalcona/isolamento & purificação , Chalcona/toxicidade , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , El Salvador , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Propiofenonas/isolamento & purificação , Propiofenonas/toxicidade , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Recently, propolis has been attracting the attention of researchers due to various biological activities and therapeutic properties. In Brazil, propolis is produced all year long, so there may be some seasonal variations. This work was carried out in order to compare propolis collected during the four seasons by its in vitro antimicrobial activity on yeast pathogens isolated from human infections. Propolis was produced by africanized honeybees in Botucatu, Säo Paulo State, collected throughout a year and pooled by season. Hydroalcoholic solutions of propolis were prepared with each pool and diluted in agar, using serial concentrations of propolis from each pool. A determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed. The results show that Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans were susceptible to low concentrations of propolis, the latter showing a higher susceptibility. No differences were seen in relation to seasonal effects in the minimal inhibitory concentration of propolis
Assuntos
Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Própole/farmacologia , Própole/uso terapêutico , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Four compounds were isolated from Brazilian propolis. They are identified as: (1) 3-prenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (PHCA), (2) 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyrane (DCBEN), (3) 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA), and (4) 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-8-prenyl-2H-1-benzopyran (DPB). The structures of the compounds were determined by MS and NMR techniques. All compounds were assayed against Trypanosoma cruzi and the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. Compounds (1) to (4) were active against T. cruzi. Except (1), all compounds presented activity against the bacteria tested. When compounds (1)-(3) were tested in the guinea pig isolated trachea, all induced a relaxant effect similar to propolis extract.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Própole/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Feminino , Cobaias , Técnicas In Vitro , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Relaxamento Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Tripanossomicidas/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Twenty-one propolis samples produced by 12 different Meliponinae species were analyzed by GC-MS. Several chemical types of stingless bees' propolis could be grouped, according to the prevailing type of compounds like: 'gallic acid", "diterpenic" and "triterpenic" types. The results confirm that neither the bee species nor the geographical location determine the chemical composition of Meliponinae propolis and the choice of its plant source, respectively. This could be explained by the fact that Meliponinae forage over short distances (maximum 500 m) and thus use as propolis source the first plant exudate they encounter during their flights. The antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of the samples were also investigated. Most samples had weak or no activity against E. coli, weak action against Candida albicans. Some of them showed significant activity against St. aureus., presumably connected to the high concentration of diterpenic acids. Samples rich in diterpenic acids possessed also high cytotoxic activity (Artemia salina test).
Assuntos
Abelhas , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Própole/química , Própole/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Brasil , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Diterpenos/análise , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácido Gálico/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Especificidade da Espécie , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triterpenos/análiseRESUMO
Three ent-kaurene diterpenoids, not previously described as constituents of propolis, were isolated from a sample collected by Brazilian native bees Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. One of them, kaurenoic acid, as well as the total extract, displayed moderate antibacterial activity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Abelhas , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Própole/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The behavior of microorganisms towards the antibiotic action of propolis has been widely investigated. Since reports dealing with seasonal effect on propolis activity are not available, this assay was carried out aiming to observe the in vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis, collected during the four seasons, on bacterial strains isolated from human infections. Dilution of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) in agar was the method performed, with serial concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 14.0% (% v/v). The behavior of some bacteria was analysed according to the incubation period in medium plus propolis, and the survival curve was plotted. It was verified that the growth of Gram-positive bacteria is inhibited by low propolis concentrations (0.4%) whereas Gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible to this substance, the minimal inhibitory concentration ranging from 4.5 to 8.0%. There was no significant difference with regards to the seasonal effect on the survival curve of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; after incubation with propolis, there was an efficient antimicrobial action, mainly towards Gram-positive bacteria.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Própole/farmacologia , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Chemometrics has been shown quite efficient to uncover relationships between chemical composition of a sample and its geographical origin. Forty propolis samples originated from the the South and South East of Brazil were analyzed by HPLC and 18 compounds of interest were studied which included: caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and some of their derivatives, pinobanksin, a derivative of kaempferol and five phenolic compounds (assigned as 3-prenyl4-hydroxycinnamic acid (PHCA); 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethnyl-2H-1-benzopyran (DCBE); 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA); compound E (still unknown) and 6-propenoic-2,2-dimethyl-8-prenyl-2H-1-benzopyran acid (DPB). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated three different groups of propolis samples, having the same typical chromatogram, evaluated by HPLC. Samples from the South East group were rich in derivatives of kaempferol. Samples from the South group I had a high content of DPB compound, but a low concentration of kaempferol derivatives and of DCBEN compound. Samples from the South group II were characterized by a high concentration of DCBEN, DHCA, p-coumaric and DPB compounds. Therefore, the identification of new compounds in Brazilian propolis can give, useful information about the plant sources of a given geographic region.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Quempferóis , Fenóis/análise , Própole/química , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Geografia , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Quercetina/análiseRESUMO
Propolis has been the subject of several recent studies, with the aim of elucidating its biological and pharmacological properties. Propolis has a well-known antimicrobial activity as well as antioxidant, antitumoral, antiinflammatory, and regenerative properties, but literature about its effects on the immunes response in scarce. The goal of this work was to evaluate the propolis effect on macrophage activation by oxygen (H2O2) and nitrogen (NO) metabolite determination. Propolis was produced by africanized honeybees and hydroalcoholic solutions were prepared at different concentrations. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from male BALB/c mice and culture cells were stimulated in vitro with propolis or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In the in vivo assay, the animals were sacrificed after propolis treatment and cells were stimulated with IFN-gamma. We also investigated the co-stimulant action of propolis associated with IFN-gamma on macrophages. The results show that propolis induces a discreet elevation in H2O2 release and a mild inhibition of NO generation, depending on concentration. Propolis had no co-stimulant activity, diminishing IFN-gamma action on H2O2 and NO production. Data suggest that propolis acts on host non-specific immunity by macrophage activation.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ativação de Macrófagos , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Própole/farmacologia , Abelhas , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Macrófagos PeritoneaisRESUMO
Propolis and plant secretions from three species, most frequently mentioned as botanical sources of the bee glue in Brazil (Baccharis dracunculifolia, Araucaria angustifolia and Eucalyptus citriodora) have been investigated using GC-MS. Based on chemical evidence, B. dracunculifolia was shown to be the main propolis source in São Paulo state. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of all four materials were also tested, the most active being propolis and Baccharis leaf exudate.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/química , Abelhas , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas/química , Própole/química , Animais , Antibacterianos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Brasil , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Eucalyptus/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Plantas Medicinais , Especificidade da Espécie , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Four labdane-type diterpenic acids and syringaldehyde were isolated and identified from Brazilian propolis. All the compounds exhibit antibacterial activity. The diterpenes, found for the first time in propolis, are typical for some Araucaria species and thus indicate a possible plant source of Brazilian propolis.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas , Própole , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Abelhas , Brasil , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Four samples of Brazilian propolis were investigated by GC/MS of different fractions. 32 volatile compounds, (10 of them new for propolis), as well as 12 more polar compounds (one of them new for propolis) were identified. Antibacterial activity was found in some propolis fractions.