RESUMO
Two new withanolide glycosides, (20R,22R)-O-(3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1 alpha,12 beta-diacetoxy-20-hydroxywitha-5,24-dienolide (3) and (20R,22R)-O-(3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1 alpha-acetoxy-12 beta,20-dihydroxywitha-5,24-dienolide (4), were isolated from the leaves and root of Dunalia brachyacantha. Their aglycones, (20R,22R)-1 alpha,12 beta-diacetoxy-3 beta,20-dihydroxywitha-5,24-dienolide (or 1 alpha,12 beta-diacetyldunawithagenine) and (20R,22R)-1 alpha-acetoxy-3 beta,12 beta,20-trihydroxywitha-5,24-dienolide (or 1 alpha-acetyl-12 beta-hydroxydunawithagenine), are novel. The known 18-acetoxywithanolide D (1) and 18-acetoxy-5,6-deoxy-5-withenolide D (2) were also isolated from the leaves. These last two compounds were shown to be responsible for the trypanocidal, leishmanicidal, and bactericidal activities manifested by the crude ethanolic extract. The structures were deduced from spectroscopic data and on the basis of chemical evidence.
Assuntos
Dissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Ergosterol/análogos & derivados , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Solanaceae/química , Trissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomicidas/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Animais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bolívia , Dissacarídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Lactonas/química , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Trissacarídeos/química , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , VitanolídeosRESUMO
Three compounds of an aminothiol family of iron chelators were examined for activity against trypomastigote (human) and epimastigote (vector) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi: tetraethyl and tetramethyl derivatives of ethane-1,2-bis (N-1-amino-3-ethyl butyl-3-thiol) (BAT-TE and BAT-TM) and N',N',N'-tris-(2-methyl-2-mercaptopriopyl)- 1,4,7-triazacyclonane (TAT). BAT-TE at 270 microM completely arrested the growth of trypomastigote forms in mouse blood stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h (IC(50) 67.7+/-7 microM), while BAT-TM arrested growth at 630 microM (IC(50) 158+/-17 microM) and TAT at concentrations >800 microM (IC(50) 415+/-55 microM). In T. cruzi-infected mice, BAT-TE and BAT-TM had no anti-trypanosomal activity in doses up to 200 mg/kg, whether the route of administration was intraperitoneal or oral, and TAT was not tested due to insufficient quantity. TAT had an IC(50) of 52+/-7 microM against the epimastigote forms while BAT-TM and BAT-TE were inhibitory only at concentrations >250 microM. The trypanocidal activity of BAT derivatives in blood stored at 4 degrees C makes these compounds potential candidates for the purpose of clearing donated blood of trypomastigotes.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Quelantes de Ferro/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Sulfidrila/uso terapêutico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quelantes de Ferro/farmacologia , Ligantes , Camundongos , Parasitemia/tratamento farmacológico , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Compostos de Sulfidrila/farmacologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Los resultados obtenidos de la actividad hemolitica del Complemento en nativos e inmigrantes, muestra que no existen diferencias significativas al comparar ambos grupos. Probablemente una adaptacion rapida a nuestro medio no permitiria mostrar ningun cambio en la actividad hemolitica en nuestro estudio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ensaio de Atividade Hemolítica de Complemento/métodos , Reações Antígeno-Anticorpo/fisiologia , Bolívia/etnologia , Doença da Altitude/fisiopatologia , Doença da Altitude/sangue , Vigilância da População/métodosRESUMO
A total of 122 apparently healthy Bolivian Aymara-mixed children ranging in age from 2 to 12 years were tested for lactose absorption using the standard lactose tolerance test with blood glucose determination. Analysing the sample according to the age of the probands, we found an increased age related frequency of lactose malabsorption showing final percentages of 55% in the 2 to 5 years group, 57.4% in the 6 to 10 years group, and 77.4% in the 11 to 15 years group.