RESUMO
Las Encuestas de Salud Oral y los manuales de la OMS que son los Métodos básicos que han animado los países para llevar a cabo encuestas de salud oral estandarizada que es comparable internacionalmente. El Banco de Datos de Salud Oral de la OMS Global recopila los datos obtenidos a través de encuestas nacionales sobre la carga de enfermedades bucodentales y el análisis estadístico recomendada por la OMS en los grupos de edades como indicador clave en los niños y los adultos. Conducta regular de encuestas de salud bucal en un número de países tiene revelada tendencias importantes en el estado de salud bucal, en particular entre los niños. Por un lado, en varios países de ingresos altos, la salud bucal de los niños es mejores tras la introducción y consolidación de la prevención de enfermedades orales según los programas. El rápido aumento de los niveles de la enfermedad oral, por otra parte, se han observado en una serie de países de bajos y medianos ingresos en paralelo con los cambios en las condiciones de vida y la creciente adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables.
Assuntos
Humanos , Coleta de Dados , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Saúde BucalRESUMO
RATIONALE: In 1984, the DMFT12 in Jamaican children was 6.7 (very severe). In 1987, national salt fluoridation was implemented (250 mg F-/kg salt). In 1995, a national survey showed a substantial decrease of caries severity (DMFT12 of 1.8). OBJECTIVES: To see whether the favorable exposure of fluoride was continued. METHODS: Assessment of urinary fluoride parameters based on WHO guidelines. Children were sampled in two urban and two rural sites. Valid nocturnal and daytime urinary collections were obtained from 128 children (mean age 4.7 y). A questionnaire administered to parents provided information on oral hygiene practice, and use of fluoride via salt, dentifrices or supplements. RESULTS: Excretion rate values extrapolated to 24 h were 271 in urban and 330 microgF/24 h in rural, F-concentrations were in the range of 1.13 and 1.30. Almost all children were reported to use toothpaste, most with 600 to 1000 ppm F; 65% of children use more than the recommended amount of toothpaste. Fluoridated salt was consumed by 98% of the children. There was no other apparent usage of fluorides. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary excretion results point to a suboptimal exposure of fluoride, whereas concentrations would suggest an optimal or slightly higher intake. Dentifrices with 500 ppm F should be made available in order to minimize the risk of enamel fluorosis.
Assuntos
Fluoretos/urina , Fluorose Dentária/prevenção & controle , Cariostáticos/administração & dosagem , Pré-Escolar , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Jamaica , População Rural , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Cremes Dentais/química , População UrbanaRESUMO
This study evaluated urinary fluoride excretion by school children 4-6 years old who were living in a south Texas rural community that had concentrations of fluoride in drinking water supplies generally around the optimal level. We took supervised collections of urine samples in the morning and afternoon at school, and parents of the participating students collected nocturnal samples. We recorded the beginning and end times of the three collection periods and then determined the urinary volume and urinary flow for each of the periods. We measured urinary fluoride concentrations and calculated the urinary excretion rate per hour. The children had breakfast and lunch provided at the school, where the drinking water contained 1.0-1.3 milligrams/liter (mg/L) fluoride. Fluoride concentrations in the tested household water supplies, from wells, ranged from 0.1 to 3.2 mg/L fluoride. The children's average urinary fluoride concentrations found for the day were similar to those for the night, with means ranging from 1.26 mg/L to 1.42 mg/L. Average excretion was 36.4 mg/h in the morning, 45.6 mg/h in the afternoon, and 17.5 mg/h at night. The lower nocturnal excretion rates are easily explained by low urinary flow at night. Based on the 15 hours of urine collected, the extrapolated 24-hour fluoride excretion was 749 µg. In conjunction with similar studies, the data from this study will help in developing upper limits for urinary fluoride excretion that are appropriate for avoiding unsightly fluorosis while providing optimal protection against dental decay
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Urina , Água Potável , Fluoretos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In 1987, Jamaica initiated a comprehensive island wide salt fluoridation program. To comply with PAHO's epidemiologic surveillance system for fluoridation programs, and to determine the effectiveness and risk assessment of salt fluoridation, a survey was conducted in 1995 among children in Jamaica. Dental examinations of 1,200 children ages 6 to 8 and 12 and 15, showed a mean DMFT prevalence for 12 year-olds of 1.08, which was lower than the corresponding score of 6.7 DMFT for children of the same age at the baseline examinations in 1984. Baseline data for children in other age groups were not collected in 1984. Fluorosis using Dean's criteria, was negligible. The mean percentage of sound permanent teeth of all age groups was 95. The percentage of caries free children (permanent teeth) was 61. The study was supported by the Pan American Health Organization. (Au)