RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study, focused on parents and children to reduce sedentary behavior, consumption of soft drinks and high-fat and salt containing snacks, and increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, was to assess the effect of a six month intervention and an 18 month follow-up intervention on the body mass index, food consumption and physical activity of 2nd and 3rd grade elementary school children. METHODS: This was a randomized cluster controlled trial. School children were selected from 2nd and 3rd (n = 532) grade. MEASUREMENTS: BMI z-score for age and sex was calculated and classified according to the WHO (2006). Abdominal obesity was defined as WC > 90th of NHANES III. RESULTS: At six months of the study differences were observed in BMI, -0.82 (p = 0.0001). At 24 months, results such as an increase of z-score BMI and waist circumference, a decrease in abdominal obesity, eighth per cent remission and an incidence of 18% of overweight and obesity were observed. Additionally, an increase (p = 0.007) in vegetable intake and physical activity (p = 0.0001) was also reported, along with a decrease in sedentary activities and the consumption of snacks high in fat and salt. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that with a comprehensive intervention there is a positive response to lifestyle changes and a reduction of abdominal obesity.
Assuntos
Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Currículo , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pais , Tamanho da Amostra , Instituições Acadêmicas , Comportamento Sedentário , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that children nursed in orphanages loose one month of lineal growth for every three months they spend in the orphanage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the daily variation of weight- for- length and length-for-age among infants under 24 months of age, living in a temporary public orphanage in Mexico. METHODS: Ninety children from 0 to 24 months of age, who were institutionalized at an orphanage, were assessed during a three month period. Upon arrival their height and weight were measured daily, Monday through Friday. Daily growth velocity for weight and length was calculated. Length-for age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WHZ) age z- scores were calculated based on WHO criteria. Risk of overweight (ROW) and overweight (OW) were classified using the WHO criteria. RESULTS: The increments of daily weight were lower than the normal range (9 g daily), but the ROW and OW increased from 10% and 3% at the beginning of the study to 14% and 11% at the end. At the end of the follow-up, WHZ was inversely associated to length (cm/day) velocity (r = -302, p < 0.01). Although a significant increase in ROW and OW was observed, at the end of the study, 31% of the children showed signs of stunting (-2 SD in length-age) and 5% remained emaciated (-2 SD in weight-length). CONCLUSIONS: Children living in an orphanage showed reduced increments of weight and length-for-age, as well as a reduced length velocity and an increased ROW and OW.
Assuntos
Estatura/fisiologia , Crescimento/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México , Orfanatos , RiscoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of parents to estimate the weight status of preschool children attending the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) day-care centers using three different tools. A total of 100 parent-child pairs attending to all the existing IMSS day-care centers in Ensenada (n=9) completed a questionnaire on the perception of childrens weight status using verbal description, sketches, and pictures. Chi squared test and univariate logistic regression was applied to assess the difference in perception between the tools used, the factors associated with the weight status perception and to identify predictors of parental underestimation of their childs weight. The sample size was estimated for a significance level of 0.05 with statistical power of 80%. No significant differences were found in the perception of weight status using different tools. The parents underestimation of the childs weight status ranged from 51 to 59%, this percentage jumps to 79 to 84% in overweight children and 82 to 91% in obese children. Being a young mother and having a daughter increased the risk of underestimation. Higher odds of underestimation were found in > 2BMI z-score. The high underestimation found in this study shows that the ability of parents in signaling an alert to prevent childhood obesity might be highly reduced and preventive health programs should include increasing the weight status perception.
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la habilidad de los padres para estimar el peso corporal de niños preescolares que acuden a guarderías del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social utilizando tres instrumentos diferentes. Un total de 100 parejas padre-hijo que acudían a todas las guarderías del IMSS en Ensenada (n=9) completó un cuestionario acerca de la percepción del peso corporal utilizando descripción verbal, pictogramas y fotografías. Se usó la prueba de Ji cuadrada y regresión logística univariada para valorar la diferencia en la percepción entre los instrumentos utilizados, los factores asociados con la percepción del peso corporal y para identificar los predictores de la subestimación por parte de los padres del peso corporal de sus hijos. El tamaño de la muestra se estimó para un nivel de significancia de 0.05 con un poder estadístico del 80%. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción del peso con el uso de las diferentes herramientas. La subestimación de los padres del peso de los niños con las diferentes herramientas osciló entre 51 y 59%, y este porcentaje se incrementó a 79 al 84% en niños con sobrepeso y a 82 al 91% en niños con obesidad. El riesgo a subestimar se incrementa en las niñas, cuando las madres son más jóvenes, y cuando los niños tienen un puntaje z de IMC > 2. El alto grado de subestimación encontrado en este estudio indica que la habilidad de los padres para detectar la obesidad en los niños es muy baja, por lo que los programas de prevención a la salud deben incluir mejorar la percepción del peso.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peso Corporal , Pais , Percepção de Peso , Creches , México , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different glycemic load diets on biochemical data and body composition, in overweight and obese subjects, during a 6-month period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was an experimental, randomized, parallel design. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical data were measured at baseline at 3 and at 6 months. All subjects completed 3-day dietary intake diaries at the baseline period and during the third and the sixth months. At the sixth month, LGL group had a mean intake of 1,360 ± 300 kcal/day and the high glycemic load group (HGL) had a mean intake of 1,544 ± 595 kcal/day. RESULTS: LGL group obtained a weight reduction of 4.5% (p = 0.006) and the HGL group of 3.0% (p = 0.18). Significant reductions in waist circumference (5%, p = 0.001) of the LGL group were observed, 10% of body fat percentage (p = 0.001), 4.3 kg (13%) of body fat (p = 0.001), 14% of total cholesterol (p=0.007), 35% of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (p = 0.001), and 10% of HOMA (p = 0.009). In the HGL group, reductions of 4.5% of waist circumference (p = 0.02), 37% of HDL (p = 0.002), and an increase of 8 % of LDL (p = 0.04) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that long term LGL diets are more effective for reducing body mass index, body fat, waist circumference and HOMA and, therefore, may contribute in the prevention of diabetes.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Índice Glicêmico , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Adulto , Estatura/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta , Registros de Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Homeostase/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of maternal migration to Baja California, body mass index (BMI) status, children's perceived food insecurity, and childhood lifestyle behaviors with overweight (BMI > 85% ile), obesity (BMI > 95% ile) and abdominal obesity (Waist Circumference > 90% ile). METHODS: Convenience sampling methods were used to recruit a cross-sectional sample of 4th, 5th and 6th grade children and their parents at Tijuana and Tecate Public Schools. Children's and parents' weights and heights were measured. Children were considered to have migrant parents if parents were not born in Baja California. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two children and their parents were recruited. The mean age of the children was 10.1 ± 1.0 years. Forty nine per cent of children were overweight or obese. Children with obese parents (BMI > 30) had greater odds of being obese, Odds Ratio (OR) 4.9 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.2-19, p = 0.03). Children with migrant parents had greater odds of being obese, OR= 3.7 (95% CI, 1.6-8.3), p = 0.01) and of having abdominal obesity, OR = 3.2 (95% CI, 1.4-7.1, p = 0.01). Children from migrant parents have greater risk of higher consumption of potato chips, OR = 8.0 (95% CI, 2.1-29.1, p = 0.01). Children from non-migrant parents had greater odds of being at risk of hunger. CONCLUSIONS: Parental obesity and migration are associated with increased risk of obesity among Mexican children. Children whose parents were born in Baja California have greater odds of being at risk of hunger. Further studies should evaluate the role of migration on risk for childhood obesity.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Mães , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Criança , Ingestão de Alimentos , Pai , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of parents to estimate the weight status of preschool children attending the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) day-care centers using three different tools. A total of 100 parent-child pairs attending to all the existing IMSS day-care centers in Ensenada (n = 9) completed a questionnaire on the perception of children's weight status using verbal description, sketches, and pictures. Chi squared test and univariate logistic regression was applied to assess the difference in perception between the tools used, the factors associated with the weight status perception and to identify predictors of parental underestimation of their child's weight. The sample size was estimated for a significance level of 0.05 with statistical power of 80%. No significant differences were found in the perception of weight status using different tools. The parents' underestimation of the child's weight status ranged from 51 to 59%, this percentage jumps to 79 to 84% in overweight children and 82 to 91% in obese children. Being a young mother and having a daughter increased the risk of underestimation. Higher odds of underestimation were found in > 2BMI z-score. The high underestimation found in this study shows that the ability of parents in signaling an alert to prevent childhood obesity might be highly reduced and preventive health programs should include increasing the weight status perception.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Pais , Percepção de Peso , Creches , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Para incrementar la fuerza y la masa muscular, la proteína se ha convertido en uno de los suplementos más populares entre los atletas. El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de la suplementación proteica sobre la composición corporal. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura de estudios aleatorios controlados, publicados en MEDLINE/PubMed y SciELO hasta el 10 de abril de 2009. Se incluyeron todos los estudios realizados en sujetos sanos con intervenciones >6 semanas. Nueve estudios cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y tres de ellos presentaron nivel de evidencia 3. Entre esos estudios, el aumento de masa muscular osciló de 0.8 a 1.9 kg. Sin embargo, el estudio de más largo plazo fue de 12 semanas. Por lo que las evidencias no son suficientes para recomendar el consumo de suplementos proteínicos entre individuos sanos.
To increase strength and lean body mass, protein has become one of the most popular supplements among athletes. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of protein supplementation on body composition. A systematic review of the randomized controlled trials (RCT), published in MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO up to April 10, 2009, was conducted. All RCT conducted in healthy subjects with interventions of six or more weeks were included. Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and three of them had level 3 of evidence. Among these studies, the increase of lean mass ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 kg. However, the study with the longest term had duration of 12 weeks. Therefore, the evidence does not support the recommendation for the consumption of protein supplements among healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Força Muscular , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The beneficial effect of intentional weight loss on mortality is controversial. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and analyze the quality of prospective studies that assess weight loss on mortality. An electronic search at MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, and EBSCO data base, of studies with a follow-up of five or more years, published from January, 2000 to October, 2009, was conducted. Quality of the studies was assessed by Simonsen's criteria. Twenty studies were analyzed. At the beginning of the studies, the age of the subjects ranged from 20 to 101 years. Nine studies included those who intended to loose weight. The quality of the studies ranged from 8 to 17 points (out of 20). Weight loss increased the mortality rate in 15 studies and decreased it in 5. Seven of the studies assessing intention to loose weight showed that weight loss increased the mortality rate, whereas in two the mortality rate decreased. In three out of the four studies that assessed weight fluctuation, the mortality rate increased. These results underline the importance of preventing weight increase, as well as the need to avoid gaining or loosing weight more than 4%.
Assuntos
Mortalidade/tendências , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/mortalidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To increase strength and lean body mass, protein has become one of the most popular supplements among athletes. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of protein supplementation on body composition. A systematic review of the randomized controlled trials (RCT), published in MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO up to April 10, 2009, was conducted. All RCT conducted in healthy subjects with interventions of six or more weeks were included. Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and three of them had level 3 of evidence. Among these studies, the increase of lean mass ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 kg. However, the study with the longest term had duration of 12 weeks. Therefore, the evidence does not support the recommendation for the consumption of protein supplements among healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Força Muscular , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has increased to epidemic levels. Several authors have suggested that school is the best place for effective prevention programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of randomized controlled trials concerning long-term (equal to or more than 9 months) observations at schools and published in the database of MEDLINE/Pubmed from January 1st of 2006 to February 28 of 2009. Ten studies were analyzed. Overall, regarding the design, the intervention components, target population age, intervention periods, educational techniques, cultural characteristics of the population, and outcome measures were heterogeneous. The results were modest. The outcomes showed a positive impact on lifestyle as intakes of fruits and vegetables increased, consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages decreased, and sedentary behaviors and adiposity were reduced. Generally, there were no significant reductions for BMI. These results warrant more strategies to achieve parental involvement, reduction of dropouts, and additional studies assessing different educational systems and cultural environments, including those in Latin America. Longer follow-up periods are also required.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños ha incrementado a niveles epidémicos. Diferentes autores sugieren que la escuela puede ser el espacio más apropiado para realizar programas efectivos de prevención. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue valorar la evidencia de estudios aleatorios controlados con un periodo de intervención a largo plazo (igual o mayor a 9 meses) en escuelas y publicados en la base de datos de MEDLINE/PubMed del 1º de enero de 2006 hasta el 28 de febrero de 2009. Se analizaron en total 10 artículos. En general, se puede observar una heterogeneidad en el diseño y los componentes de la intervención, la edad del grupo objetivo, el tiempo de intervención, el sistema educativo, las características culturales de la población y los resultados. Estos últimos son modestos. Los resultados indican un cambio positivo en el estilo de vida, incremento en el consumo de frutas y verduras, menor consumo de bebidas carbonatadas y azucaradas, reducción del comportamiento sedentario y reducción en adiposidad. En general no hubo reducción significativa del IMC. Los resultados demandan estrategias para lograr mayor compromiso de los padres y adherencia a los programas, así como más estudios en diferentes sistemas educativos y ambientes culturales, incluyendo los de Latinoamérica. Además se requieren seguimientos a más largo plazo.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has increased to epidemic levels. Several authors have suggested that school is the best place for effective prevention programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of randomized controlled trials concerning long-term (equal to or more than 9 months) observations at schools and published in the database of MEDLINE/Pubmed from January 1st of 2006 to February 28 of 2009. Ten studies were analyzed. Overall, regarding the design, the intervention components, target population age, intervention periods, educational techniques, cultural characteristics of the population, and outcome measures were heterogeneous. The results were modest. The outcomes showed a positive impact on lifestyle as intakes of fruits and vegetables increased, consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages decreased, and sedentary behaviors and adiposity were reduced. Generally, there were no significant reductions for BMI. These results warrant more strategies to achieve parental involvement, reduction of dropouts, and additional studies assessing different educational systems and cultural environments, including those in Latin America. Longer follow-up periods are also required.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Ciências da Nutrição Infantil , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association of overweight and obesity with insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemic among 12 to 15 year olds from private and public schools in Chiapas. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a random selection of 259, 12 to 15 year old teenagers from private and public middle schools. Conventional methods were used to measure body weight, height and blood pressure. After a 14-hour fasting period, a blood sample was taken for glucose, total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin levels. HDL-cholesterol and HOMA-IR were estimated. Weight-for-age, height-for-age and BMI-for-age were calculated using the CDC tables for growth. To assess the difference between overweight and obesity by gender and type of school a X2 and t-test was performed in order to evaluate the mean difference between biochemical indicators of normal and overweight adolescents. The Mann-Whitney test was conducted to assess differences in blood pressure. RESULTS: Observations included high prevalence of overweight (19%) and obesity (13%) with no difference between type of school, gender, or group of age (Table 2). High prevalence of hipercholesterolemia (26%), LDLcholesterol (7%), HDL hypolipoproteinemia (3%), triglycerides (10%), systolic blood pressure (6%), and metabolic syndrome (1.6%) were also observed. The BMI was associated to total lipid, total cholesterol, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels. The Overweight and obese had higher levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and blood pressure and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/complicações , Hipertensão/complicações , Masculino , México , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/complicaçõesRESUMO
The objectives of this study were to compare the trends of obesity from 2001-02 to 2006-07 in school children of Tijuana, Mexico and to investigate the relationship with the child's gender and type of school attended. Bietapic random sample was selected by cluster of schools and groups. Results of the 1684 children from 6-14 years of age assessed showed an overall prevalence of obesity (> 95(th)) of 28%. An overall increase of overweight and obesity of 7-percentage points (p=0.0003), from 41 to 48%, being higher among boys and younger girls. Prevalence of obesity was higher among boys and children from private schools.
Assuntos
Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas/classificação , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Obesidade , Médicos , Preconceito , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Tamanho Corporal , Criança , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Obesity in Mexico has reached epidemic proportions; and body image and body satisfaction might be culturally related. Body dissatisfaction has been related to low self-esteem. The aim of this study was to assess the range of perception among Mexican teachers and parents of the ideal body size of adults, boys and girls. Two-hundred and five teachers and eighty parents from Tijuana and Tecate schools participated in the study. Participants were asked to indicate the ideal body size for each group, as well as their own ideal body size. Average perception of ideal body weight for adults 35 to 45 years of age was 4.0 +/- 0.84. Average perception for boys and girls was 4.6. Positive correlations were shown between self-perception of body size and body mass index (0.62, P < 001), waist circumference (0.55, P < 0.001). Self-perception of body size was associated with perception of ideal body size for boys (0.23, P 0.001) and girls (0.22, P < 0.001), but BMI was not associated to perception of ideal body size for boys and girls. These results suggest that teachers and parents should be taught to more accurately assess excess weight status and to initiate action to prevent or correct excessive weight among children and adults.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Tamanho Corporal , Pais/psicologia , Ensino , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/psicologia , AutoimagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of risk of overweight, overweight, and the perception of hunger among Mexican children from Indian and migrant parents over the periods of 2001 and 2003. METHOD: A total of 1,200 and 1,452 children were measured to assess anthropometric status and their perception of hunger experience. RESULTS: There was no difference between 2001 and 2003 in the total prevalence of risk of overweight and overweight in either boys or girls. The prevalence of abdominal obesity is higher in the 2003 group than in the 2001 group among girls older than 9y (p < 0.001). During 2003, the risk of hunger was higher (58%) than in 2001 (46%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence shown in our study is alarming since these children suffering from food insecurity have higher risk to develop obesity and diabetes during adulthood, particularly if they show rapid catch-up fat after periods of economic recession.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Fome , Sobrepeso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Obesity and diabetes are epidemics in Mexico and the prevalence is currently highest among the low-income population. The aim of the present study was to compare the action of different breakfasts on satiety and subsequent food intake among healthy women. Eight healthy women participated in the study. Participants were given four experimental breakfasts. Visual analogue rating scales were completed before and every 30 minutes for 3 hours after each experimental meal to record subjective feelings of satiety. Subjects were exposed to an ad libitum buffet 3 h after the experimental breakfast. Energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated at each meal. Mean +/- SD SAUC for white bread was 355 +/- 60, for rice and bananas: 405 +/- 108, for whole wheat bread and boiled beans: 446 +/- 83, and for fruit salad: 585 +/- 79 (Table II). Statistical differences were observed among the four experimental meals (p = 0,002). After the consumption of white bread, energy intake was the highest with 872 +/- 58 kcal, and after the consumption of fruit salad the intake of calories was the lowest: 461 +/- 51 kcal. Energy intake 4 h after each breakfast shows statistical differences (p = 0,0001). These results suggest the need to promote culturally based combined foods with high fiber and low GI, as well as foods with high volume and water content. This approach might contribute to the prevention of obesity by increasing satiety and reducing food consumption and energy intake.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/economia , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Alimentos/economia , Índice Glicêmico , Obesidade/economia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Resposta de Saciedade , Adulto , Idoso , Custos e Análise de Custo , Feminino , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to document physical activity (PA) of migrant Mexican women with type 2 diabetes who have participated in diabetes intervention programs at a primary care level. METHODS: One hundred out of 133 women of seven diabetes education groups from different Mexican institutions located in the city of Tijuana were invited to participate in the study. A PA history questionnaire was completed weekly. Metabolic Equivalents (METs) were used to calculate physical activity level (PAL). RESULTS: Forty percent were classified as overweight and 31% as obese. Six percent of the women performed more than 150 min of moderate/vigorous weekly PA, while more than 80 min of weekly PA was reported by 73% of the population. There was no difference in frequency and intensity of PA between the participants from both institutions. The main indoor activities were cooking, dish washing, clothes washing and cleaning, and the main outdoor activities were walking, semi-active exercise and running. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of these migrant women who participated in the diabetes intervention program seem to engage in the minimum recommended levels of PA. In a country like Mexico, where its public health care system is facing huge economic constraints, PA counseling done in a primary health care practice may be a cost-effective approach.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/reabilitação , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Atividade Motora , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/métodos , Atividades Cotidianas/classificação , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/tendências , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although Mexican-Indian migrant workers live under precarious conditions in both Mexico and the USA, they have more access to food than they did in their original communities. The nutritional status and food security among the children of these workers have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, undernutrition and hunger among migrant children in a city on the US-Mexico border. DESIGN: During 2001-2002, a total of 1767 children from six schools from the Tijuana Indian school system was measured to assess anthropometric status. Third and fifth grade children were also interviewed for their perception of hunger experience and dietary intake by 24-h recall method. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38%. Abdominal obesity was found in 26% of subjects, while 43% had both obesity and abdominal obesity. The prevalence of undernutrition according to weight-for-age was 1.2%, and by height-for-age it was 4.8%. The prevalence of hunger was 2.5%, and at risk of hunger was 44%. Daily intake of food groups in servings was: 8.7 grains, 1.2 fruit, 1.0 vegetable, 2.1 milk and 2.6 meat. Only one child (0.07%) consumed The Apple of Health recommended portions. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the coexistence of obesity, hunger, undernutrition and limited food group consumption among Indian children living in a prosperous and the largest US-Mexico border city.