RESUMO
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults, who account for almost 50% of all STI patients. Studies on the subject in the western Amazon are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes simplex virus, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis B, and hepatitis C) in adolescents treated at a family planning outpatient clinic in the western Amazon: Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. A total of 196 adolescents were enrolled. During the gynecological examination, endocervical samples were collected to test for four STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and herpes simplex virus), and blood samples were collected for the detection of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C. The mean age was 17.3 ± 1.5 years, the age at sexarche was 14.4 ± 1.6 years, and 54.6% of participants had their first sexual intercourse at 14 years or younger. Only 1.0% of the adolescents used condoms in all sexual relations, and 19.9% had casual partner(s) in the last year. In the evaluation of prevalence, we found that 32% of the adolescents had at least one STI, with the most prevalent being chlamydia (23%), followed by trichomoniasis (5.6%), herpes simplex (4.6%), and gonorrhea (3.1%). No positive cases of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV were detected, but 1% of the adolescents tested positive for syphilis. These indicators will support more effective health care strategies aimed at improving the quality of life of populations in this region of the western Amazon. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated high rates of STIs in the studied patients, reinforcing the need to expand epidemiological studies to implement more appropriate public policies and intervention strategies to prevent STIs in adolescents and other vulnerable populations in the western Amazon.
Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia , Gonorreia , Infecções por HIV , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Sífilis , Tricomoníase , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Adolescente , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Tricomoníase/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly around the world, with Brazil currently considered an epicenter of the pandemic. The Northern region has the second highest incidence coefficient, as well as the third highest mortality rate in the country. This study aimed to investigate information about the evolutionary history of epidemic spread and genetic aspects of strains isolated on the Western Amazon, in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. It was possible to detect a total of 22 mutations. Some of these alterations may possibly be related to effects on transmissibility, the fidelity of RNA replication, the ability of cancer patients to respond to infection, beyond a mutation that emerged after the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Rondônia. At least two events of introduction were detected, corresponding to the B.1 and B.1.1 European lineages. An introduction was observed possibly through Argentina, where strains originated that circulated in the Minas Gerais and Ceará Brazilian states, prior to Rondônia (B.1.), as well as through the Minas Gerais state and the Federal District, which gave rise to strains that spread to Rondônia, from the capital to more rural parts of the state (B.1.1.). The findings show the need to monitor the genetic epidemiology of COVID-19, in order to surveil the virus's evolution, dispersion and diversity.
Assuntos
COVID-19/virologia , Taxa de Mutação , Filogenia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Brasil , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/classificação , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Uma larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum com anormalidade morfológica foi coletada juntamente com outros espécimes (larvas e fêmeas) dessa espécie e com ninfas de Amblyomma naponense morfologicamente normais em um porco do mato - Pecari tacaju - em área rural do estado de Rondônia/Brasil, durante investigação de ambientes de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos. O espécime morfologicamente anormal apresentou uma bifurcação da região posterior do opistossoma, sem outros caracteres morfológicos alterados. Este é o primeiro registro de anormalidade morfológica no estádio de larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.
Amblyomma oblongoguttatum is a tick that is a parasite of mammals and its preferred hosts are the wild pigs, tapirs and small rodents, being collected also parasitizing domestic dogs and eventually humans. An Amblyomma oblongoguttatum larva with morphological abnormality was collected along with other specimens (larvae and females) of this species and with morphologically normal Amblyomma naponense nymphs in a wild pig - Pecari tacaju - in a rural area of the state of Rondônia / Brazil, during research of tick-borne disease environments. The morphologically abnormal specimen showed a bifurcation of the posterior region of the opisthosoma, without other altered morphological characters. This is the first record of morphological abnormality at the larval stage of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ixodidae/anatomia & histologia , Larva/anatomia & histologia , Anormalidades Congênitas , Suínos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Uma larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum com anormalidade morfológica foi coletada juntamente com outros espécimes (larvas e fêmeas) dessa espécie e com ninfas de Amblyomma naponense morfologicamente normais em um porco do mato - Pecari tacaju - em área rural do estado de Rondônia/Brasil, durante investigação de ambientes de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos. O espécime morfologicamente anormal apresentou uma bifurcação da região posterior do opistossoma, sem outros caracteres morfológicos alterados. Este é o primeiro registro de anormalidade morfológica no estádio de larva de Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.
Amblyomma oblongoguttatum is a tick that is a parasite of mammals and its preferred hosts are the wild pigs, tapirs and small rodents, being collected also parasitizing domestic dogs and eventually humans. An Amblyomma oblongoguttatum larva with morphological abnormality was collected along with other specimens (larvae and females) of this species and with morphologically normal Amblyomma naponense nymphs in a wild pig - Pecari tacaju - in a rural area of the state of Rondônia / Brazil, during research of tick-borne disease environments. The morphologically abnormal specimen showed a bifurcation of the posterior region of the opisthosoma, without other altered morphological characters. This is the first record of morphological abnormality at the larval stage of Amblyomma oblongoguttatum.