RESUMO
PIP: HIV-1 consists of eight subtypes, A through H, and group O. The HIV epidemic has only recently come to Paraguay. According to available data from the National AIDS Control Program of Paraguay, there were only 95 individuals known to have had AIDS in the country by the end of 1994. The authors report their findings from the study of HIV-1 from ten people with AIDS living in Asuncion. The subjects were male, with AIDS-related symptoms, and largely contracted HIV through homosexual contact. Some, however, contracted HIV through IV drug use or heterosexually. The nucleic acid sequences obtained from the collected viruses grown in tissue culture have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers U28949 through U28959. All of the isolated viruses are of subtype B. Virus PY.3616, however, had a V3 loop with the rare motif APGR. The individual from whom this virus was obtained acquired his HIV infection through IV drug use, most probably in Argentina. Two viruses were obtained with V3 loop crown motifs of GPRR and GWRR (PY.12838 and PY.12839), motifs which have not been previously described, but which come close to the V3 loops of HIV-1 isolates found in Brazil with a crown motif GWGR, and also GMGR and GFGR. A motif with an arginine at another position, GRGQ, has been found in HIV-1 subtype H in Cameroon. The different motifs found in the sequences of the Paraguayan patients show greater homogeneity than those of African patients in the Central African Republic and in Paris. The observed diversity reflects the connection of Paraguayans with Brazil and other countries where HIV-1 subtype B prevails. The authors note that their findings are most likely representative of the ongoing, young HIV epidemic in Paraguay.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologia , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Análise por Conglomerados , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
PIP: Information on the use of plants for contraception and abortion inducement among the rural indigenous inhabitants of Paraguay was collected by surveying 223 obstetricians and 17 local vendors. Information obtained on 33 commonly used plants is presented in tabular form. For each plant, the table provides 1) the scientific name; 2) the local name; 3) the part of the plant used; 4) how the plant is prepared for consumption; 5) the quantity used, described as a bunch, a handful, a few roots, or pieces; and 6) the taste, described as either pleasant, bitter, or sour. 2 or more of these plants are frequently mixed and administered in combination. The proportions used in these combinations are not very exact. The plants are taken in combination either to create a more concentrated effect or to insure that at least one effective drug will be consumed. 14 of these combinations are presented.^ieng
Assuntos
Abortivos , Coleta de Dados , Etnicidade , Plantas Medicinais , Substâncias para o Controle da Reprodução , População Rural , Aborto Induzido , Pessoal Técnico de Saúde , América , Cultura , Atenção à Saúde , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , Hemorragia , Icterícia , América Latina , Fígado , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde , Medicina , Paraguai , Médicos , População , Características da População , Pesquisa , Estudos de Amostragem , América do SulRESUMO
A review is made of the various anthropological, botanical and empirical medical papers from a number of the countries of the South-American continent, whose populations use medical plants for fertility control. Also included is a field research conducted among indigenous and rural populations of Paraguay. The scientific name, family and common name 268 plants are described. With each plant, the country and type of population (indigenous or rural) using same is stated, as well as their empiric properties attributed to same and the name of the author. Comments are made upon the background related to the use of said plants at the level of the American indigenous, world folkloric and Paraguayan indigenous & folkloric medicine. Emphasis is given to the significance of these data on contraceptives, abortives, sterilization and fertilization agents of vegetal origin, due to their value for future research in the physiology and clinic of reproduction.