RESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the acute response of lactate supplementation on athletic performance. METHOD: Fifteen athletes under the age of 15 performed the following 4 sessions in a nonrandomized order: (1) familiarization, (2) control, (3) participants ingested calcium lactate (21.5 mg·kg-1 body mass), and (4) participants ingested a placebo (PLA, calcium carbonate, 21.5 mg·kg-1 body mass). The capsules were randomly offered and consumed 60 minutes before the physical tests. To assess the physical performance, the athletes executed squat jump, countermovement squat jump, 20-m linear sprint, change of direction test, and running anaerobic sprint test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between conditions for squat jump, countermovement jump, change of direction, and minimum power obtained in the running anaerobic sprint test (P > .05). Conversely, we observed a worse performance (P < .05) in the 20-m linear sprint test in the PLA and lactate conditions compared with control (P < .05). The lactate condition worsened performance during running anaerobic sprint test for peak power, mean power, and fatigue index compared with control and PLA (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Calcium lactate supplementation worsened repetitive running sprint ability and 20-m sprint performance. However, lactate supplementation does not affect jump or agility capacity. Therefore, calcium lactate supplementation seems to be an ineffective strategy to improve anaerobic and neuromuscular performance in soccer players 15 years of age or less.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Suplementos Nutricionais , Lactatos , Futebol , Humanos , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Futebol/fisiologia , Masculino , Adolescente , Lactatos/sangue , Compostos de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Teste de Esforço , Corrida/fisiologia , Atletas , Ácido Láctico/sangueRESUMO
Abstract Background In tetralogy of Fallot, correction surgery is a priority choice, seeing that it is desirable to minimize pulmonary hypoflow and severe hypoxemia, which result in hypoxemic crises, with sudden worsening of cyanosis, tachypnea, and, in some cases, loss of consciousness, seizures, and even death. Objective To evaluate the predicting factors of surgical mortality in children and adolescents undergoing correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study carried out by consulting all surgical records of the Child and Adolescent Cardiology Service of the Brazilian National Institute of Cardiology, during the period from 2007 to 2010. Results with p values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results The study evaluated 93 medical records. In relation to the characteristics of the population at the time of surgery, the median age was 3.69 (2.13 to 5.79) years, and 58.06% (n = 54) were male. White was the most common skin color, accounting for 55.43% (n = 51) of cases. In relation to assessment of nutritional status, median weight was 13.25 (10.10 to 17.60) kg, and body mass index was 14.49 (13.44 to 16.28) kg/m2. Down syndrome was present in 11.83% (n = 11) of the patients. All patients underwent correction surgery (n = 93, 100%). Prior cyanotic crisis was found in 53.85% (n = 49) with p = 0.013; surgical procedure duration was 218.83 ± 60.63 minutes, with p = 0.003, and lactate was 1.88 ± 1.33 mg/dL during the immediate postoperative period, with p = 0.009. Regarding the outcome of surgical death, it was found in 15.05% (n = 14) of patients. Mean follow-up lasted 5.68 ± 3.76 years. Conclusions According to the factors analyzed, the duration of the surgical procedure, prior cyanotic crisis, and blood lactate level may be relevant to surgical mortality.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), stroke is a major complication that increases morbidity and mortality. The presence of carotid stenosis (CS) increases risk of stroke, and the optimal treatment remains uncertain due to the lack of randomized clinical trials. The aim of this study is to compare three management approaches to CS in patients submitted to CABG. Methods: From 2005 to 2015, 79 consecutive patients with significant CS submitted to CABG were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided in three groups, according to CS treatment: 17 underwent staged carotid endarterectomy (CEA)-CABG, 26 underwent synchronous CEA-CABG, and 36 underwent isolated CABG without carotid intervention. The primary outcomes were composed by 30-day postoperative acute myocardial infarction (MI), 30-day postoperative stroke, and death due to all causes during the follow-up. Results: Patients were evaluated during an average 2.05 years (95% confidence interval = 1.51-2.60) of follow-up. Major adverse cardiac events, including death, postoperative MI, and postoperative stroke, occurred in 76.5% of the staged group, 34.6% of the synchronous group, and 33.3% of the isolated CABG group (P=0.007). As for MI, the rates were 29.4%, 3.85%, and 11.1% (P=0.045), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in total mortality rates (35.3%, 30.8%, and 25.0%, respectively; P=0,72) and stroke (29.4%, 7.7%, and 8.3%, respectively; P=0,064) between groups. Conclusion: Staged CEA-CABG is associated with higher major adverse cardiac events and MI rate when compared to the strategy of synchronous and isolated CABG, but without statistically difference in total mortality during the entire follow-up.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), stroke is a major complication that increases morbidity and mortality. The presence of carotid stenosis (CS) increases risk of stroke, and the optimal treatment remains uncertain due to the lack of randomized clinical trials. The aim of this study is to compare three management approaches to CS in patients submitted to CABG. METHODS: From 2005 to 2015, 79 consecutive patients with significant CS submitted to CABG were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided in three groups, according to CS treatment: 17 underwent staged carotid endarterectomy (CEA)-CABG, 26 underwent synchronous CEA-CABG, and 36 underwent isolated CABG without carotid intervention. The primary outcomes were composed by 30-day postoperative acute myocardial infarction (MI), 30-day postoperative stroke, and death due to all causes during the follow-up. RESULTS: Patients were evaluated during an average 2.05 years (95% confidence interval = 1.51-2.60) of follow-up. Major adverse cardiac events, including death, postoperative MI, and postoperative stroke, occurred in 76.5% of the staged group, 34.6% of the synchronous group, and 33.3% of the isolated CABG group (P=0.007). As for MI, the rates were 29.4%, 3.85%, and 11.1% (P=0.045), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in total mortality rates (35.3%, 30.8%, and 25.0%, respectively; P=0,72) and stroke (29.4%, 7.7%, and 8.3%, respectively; P=0,064) between groups. CONCLUSION: Staged CEA-CABG is associated with higher major adverse cardiac events and MI rate when compared to the strategy of synchronous and isolated CABG, but without statistically difference in total mortality during the entire follow-up.
Assuntos
Estenose das Carótidas , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Infarto do Miocárdio , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Estenose das Carótidas/complicações , Estenose das Carótidas/cirurgia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Speleothems can provide high-quality continuous records of the direction and relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field, combining high precision dating (with U-Th method) and rapid lock-in of their detrital magnetic particles during calcite precipitation. Paleomagnetic results for a mid-to-late Holocene stalagmite from Dona Benedita Cave in central Brazil encompass ~1900 years (3410 BP to 5310 BP, constrained by 12 U-Th ages) of paleomagnetic record from 58 samples (resolution of ~33 years). This dataset reveals angular variations of less than 0.06° yr-1 and a relatively steady paleointensity record (after calibration with geomagnetic field model) contrasting with the fast variations observed in younger speleothems from the same region under influence of the South Atlantic Anomaly. These results point to a quiescent period of the geomagnetic field during the mid-to-late Holocene in the area now comprised by the South Atlantic Anomaly, suggesting an intermittent or an absent behavior at the multi-millennial timescale.
RESUMO
Abstract Background: In multivessel disease patients with moderate stenosis, fractional flow reserve (FFR) allows the analysis of the lesions and guides treatment, and could contribute to the cost-effectiveness (CE) of non-pharmacological stents (NPS). Objectives: To evaluate CE and clinical impact of FFR-guided versus angiography-guided angioplasty (ANGIO) in multivessel patients using NPS. Methods: Multivessel disease patients were prospectively randomized to FFR or ANGIO groups during a 5 year-period and followed for < 12 months. Outcomes measures were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), restenosis and CE. Results: We studied 69 patients, 47 (68.1%) men, aged 62.0 ± 9.0 years, 34 (49.2%) in FFR group and 53 (50.7%) in ANGIO group, with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome. In FFR, there were 26 patients with biarterial disease (76.5%) and 8 (23.5%) with triarterial disease, and in ANGIO, 24 (68.6%) with biarterial and 11 (31.4%) with triarterial disease. Twelve MACEs were observed - 3 deaths: 2 (5.8%) in FFR and 1 (2.8%) in ANGIO, 9 (13.0%) angina: 4(11.7%) in FFR and 5(14.2%) in ANGIO, 6 restenosis: 2(5.8%) in FFR and 4 (11.4%) in ANGIO. Angiography detected 87(53.0%) lesions in FFR, 39(23.7%) with PCI and 48(29.3%) with medical treatment; and 77 (47.0%) lesions in ANGIO, all treated with angioplasty. Thirty-nine (33.3%) stents were registered in FFR (0.45 ± 0.50 stents/lesion) and 78 (1.05 ± 0.22 stents/lesion) in ANGIO (p = 0.0001), 51.4% greater in ANGIO than FFR. CE analysis revealed a cost of BRL 5,045.97 BRL 5,430.60 in ANGIO and FFR, respectively. The difference of effectiveness was of 1.82%. Conclusion: FFR reduced the number of lesions treated and stents, and the need for target-lesion revascularization, with a CE comparable with that of angiography.
Resumo Fundamentos: Em pacientes multiarteriais e lesões moderadas, a reserva de fluxo fracionada (FFR) avalia cada lesão e direciona o tratamento, podendo ser útil no custo-efetividade (CE) de implante de stents não farmacológicos (SNF). Objetivos: Avaliar CE e impacto clínico da angioplastia + FFR versus angioplastia + angiografia (ANGIO), em multiarteriais, utilizando SNF. Métodos: pacientes com doença multiarteriais foram randomizados prospectivamente durante ±5 anos para FFR ou ANGIO, e acompanhados por até 12 meses. Foram avaliados eventos cardíacos maiores (ECAM), reestenose e CE. Resultados: foram incluídos 69 pacientes, 47(68,1%) homens, 34(49,2%) no FFR e 35(50,7%) no ANGIO, idade 62,0 ± 9,0 anos, com angina estável e Síndrome Coronariana Aguda estabilizada. No FFR, havia 26 com doença (76,5%) biarterial e 8 (23,5%) triarterial, e no grupo ANGIO, 24(68,6%) biarteriais e 11(31,4%) triarteriais. Ocorreram 12(17,3%) ECAM - 3(4,3%) óbitos: 2(5,8%) no FFR e 1(2,8%) no ANGIO, 9(13,0%) anginas, 4(11,7%) no FFR e 5(14,2%) no ANGIO, 6 reestenoses: 2(5,8%) no FFR e 4 (11,4%) no ANGIO. Angiografia detectou 87(53,0%) lesões no FFR, 39(23,7%) com ICP e 48(29,3%) com tratamento clínico; e 77(47,0%) lesões no ANGIO, todas submetidas à angioplastia. Quanto aos stents, registrou-se 39(33,3%) (0,45 ± 0,50 stents/lesão) no FFR e 78(66,6%) (1,05 ± 0,22 stents/lesão) no ANGIO (p = 0,0001); ANGIO utilizou 51,4% a mais que o FFR. Análise de CE revelou um custo de R$5045,97 e R$5.430,60 nos grupos ANGIO e FFR, respectivamente. A diferença de efetividade foi 1,82%. Conclusões: FFR diminuiu o número de lesões tratadas e de stents e necessidade de revascularização do vaso-alvo, com CE comparável ao da angiografia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico/fisiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Angina Estável/terapia , Fatores de Tempo , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/economia , Stents , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Angiografia Coronária/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Reestenose Coronária/mortalidade , Reestenose Coronária/terapia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/economia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/patologia , Angina Estável/economia , Angina Estável/mortalidadeRESUMO
The South American Monsoon System is responsible for the majority of precipitation in the continent, especially over the Amazon and the tropical savannah, known as 'Cerrado'. Compared to the extensively studied subtropical and temperate regions the effect of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) on the precipitation over the tropics is still poorly understood. Here, we present a multiproxy paleoprecipitation reconstruction showing a consistent change in the hydrologic regime during the MCA in the eastern Amazon and 'Cerrado', characterized by a substantial transition from humid to drier conditions during the Early (925-1150 C.E.) to Late-MCA (1150-1350 C.E.). We compare the timing of major changes in the monsoon precipitation with the expansion and abandonment of settlements reported in the archeological record. Our results show that important cultural successions in the pre-Columbian Central Amazon, the transition from Paredão to Guarita phase, are in agreement with major changes in the hydrologic regime. Phases of expansion and, subsequent abandonment, of large settlements from Paredão during the Early to Late-MCA are coherent with a reduction in water supply. In this context we argue that the sustained drier conditions during the latter period may have triggered territorial disputes with Guarita leading to the Paredão demise.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In multivessel disease patients with moderate stenosis, fractional flow reserve (FFR) allows the analysis of the lesions and guides treatment, and could contribute to the cost-effectiveness (CE) of non-pharmacological stents (NPS). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate CE and clinical impact of FFR-guided versus angiography-guided angioplasty (ANGIO) in multivessel patients using NPS. METHODS: Multivessel disease patients were prospectively randomized to FFR or ANGIO groups during a 5 year-period and followed for < 12 months. Outcomes measures were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), restenosis and CE. RESULTS: We studied 69 patients, 47 (68.1%) men, aged 62.0 ± 9.0 years, 34 (49.2%) in FFR group and 53 (50.7%) in ANGIO group, with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome. In FFR, there were 26 patients with biarterial disease (76.5%) and 8 (23.5%) with triarterial disease, and in ANGIO, 24 (68.6%) with biarterial and 11 (31.4%) with triarterial disease. Twelve MACEs were observed - 3 deaths: 2 (5.8%) in FFR and 1 (2.8%) in ANGIO, 9 (13.0%) angina: 4(11.7%) in FFR and 5(14.2%) in ANGIO, 6 restenosis: 2(5.8%) in FFR and 4 (11.4%) in ANGIO. Angiography detected 87(53.0%) lesions in FFR, 39(23.7%) with PCI and 48(29.3%) with medical treatment; and 77 (47.0%) lesions in ANGIO, all treated with angioplasty. Thirty-nine (33.3%) stents were registered in FFR (0.45 ± 0.50 stents/lesion) and 78 (1.05 ± 0.22 stents/lesion) in ANGIO (p = 0.0001), 51.4% greater in ANGIO than FFR. CE analysis revealed a cost of BRL 5,045.97 BRL 5,430.60 in ANGIO and FFR, respectively. The difference of effectiveness was of 1.82%. CONCLUSION: FFR reduced the number of lesions treated and stents, and the need for target-lesion revascularization, with a CE comparable with that of angiography.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Angina Estável/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico/fisiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/economia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/patologia , Idoso , Angina Estável/economia , Angina Estável/mortalidade , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/economia , Angiografia Coronária/economia , Reestenose Coronária/mortalidade , Reestenose Coronária/terapia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Stents , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Fundamento: A doença arterial coronariana é a principal causa de morte no mundo, e a idade é fator de risco independente de mortalidade em pacientes submetidos à revascularização cirúrgica. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores preditores de risco de óbito em pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica com mais de 70 anos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de banco de dados de cirurgia cardíaca. Foi utilizada a regressão logística para avaliar os preditores independentes de óbito. Resultados: Foram 372 pacientes submetidos à revascularização cirúrgica de 2004 a 2012. O principal fator de risco cardiovascular foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, seguida do diabetes melito. A mortalidade em 30 dias foi de 19,35%. A presença de doença vascular periférica (OR: 2,47), cirurgia de emergência (OR: 4,86) e procedimento valvular combinado (OR: 3,86) foram os preditores independentes de óbito. Conclusão: O procedimento cirúrgico em pacientes idosos apresentou mortalidade maior que da população geral. Doença vascular periférica, cirurgia de emergência e procedimento valvular combinado aumentaram o risco de óbito nesses pacientes
Background: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with age being an independent risk factor for mortality in patients submitted to surgical revascularization. Objective: To evaluate the mortality risk predictors in patients older than 70 years submitted to myocardial revascularization. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of a cardiac surgery database. Logistic regression was used to assess independent death predictors. Results: A total of 372 patients submitted to surgical revascularization from 2004 to 2012 were assessed. The main cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus. Mortality at 30 days was 19.35%. The presence of peripheral vascular disease (OR: 2,47), emergency surgery (OR: 4,86) and combined valve procedure (OR: 3,86) were independent predictors of death. Conclusion: The surgical procedure in elderly patients showed a higher mortality than in the general population. Peripheral vascular disease, emergency surgery and combined valve procedures increased the risk of death in these patients
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Análise Multivariada , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus , Hospitais Especializados , HipertensãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heart valve surgery outcomes are unknown in middle-income countries and thus cannot be used in health system decision making processes. This study estimated in-hospital mortality and medium and long-term survival. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 78,806 patients who underwent heart valve surgery between 2001 and 2007 in Brazil. Two national databases were used, the Hospital Information System and the Mortality Information System. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed. Maximum and median follow-up was 7.7 and 2.8 years, respectively (0.002-7.707). RESULTS: Valve replacement accounted for 69.1% of procedures performed. Mitral stenosis, the most common valve injury, represented 38.9% of the total. In 94.7% of mitral stenosis patients, aetiology was rheumatic heart disease. In-hospital mortality was 7.6% and was higher for women, for patients who had undergone concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and for the elderly. Overall survival was 69.9% at the end of follow-up. Survival was worst among elderly, male and concomitant CABG patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatic heart disease is still a major public health problem in Brazil. In-hospital mortality and global survival rates of patients who have undergone heart valve surgery were less satisfactory than those reported in high-income countries. The findings of this study can contribute to guiding decision making processes in middle-income countries similar to Brazil and others concerned with improving the quality of care.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Cardiopatia Reumática/cirurgia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Comorbidade , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cardiopatia Reumática/diagnóstico , Cardiopatia Reumática/mortalidade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A hipertensão pulmonar (HP) grave contribui para significante morbidade e mortalidade, e podeaumentar o número de complicações e morte na cirurgia cardíaca. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da HP na mortalidade cirúrgica e na sobrevida em três anos, após cirurgia de troca valvar aórtica.Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva realizado com pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de troca valvar aórtica, demaio de 2011 a dezembro de 2012, no Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, RJ. A população estudada foi estratificadaem dois grupos, de acordo com a pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar (PSAP) em: <45 mmHg e ≥45 mmHg. Foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado para a comparação entre os grupos; a mortalidade e cirúrgica foi estudada por regressão logística e a sobrevida pela curva de Kaplan-Meier e teste de log-rank; e a razão de risco pelo método de Cox. Resultados: Estudados 182 pacientes, 57,0% do sexo masculino, idade 61,0±13,0 anos, com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (72,0%), diabetes mellitus (22,0%), classe funcional pela New York Heart Association III/IV (61,1%), PSAP≥45mmHg (14,3%). A mortalidade geral foi 12,0%. A sobrevida foi maior no grupo com PSAP <45mmHg 89,0%em um ano e 86,0% em três anos, comparado com o grupo com PSAP ≥45mmHg 68,8% em um ano e 58,1%(35,1% a 75,4%) em três anos (p=0,0004). Conclusão: Pacientes com PSAP ≥45mmHg apresentaram maior mortalidade cirúrgica e pior sobrevida em três anos após cirurgia de troca valvar aórtica...
Background: Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality and may increase the number of complications and death in heart surgery.Objective: To evaluate the impact of PH on surgical mortality and three-year survival after aortic valve replacement surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery from May 2011 to December 2012 at Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, RJ. The study population was stratified into two groups according to the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP): <45mmHg and ≥45mmHg. The chi-square test was used for comparison between groups; surgical mortality was studied by logistic regression and survival by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test; the hazard ratio was examined using the Cox method. Results: The study included 182 patients, 57.0% were males aged 61.0±13.0 years, with systemic arterial hypertension (72.0%), diabetes mellitus (22.0%), functional class by the New York Heart Association III/IV (61.1%), SPAP ≥45mmHg (14.3%). Overallmortality rate was 12.0%. Survival rate was higher in the group with SPAP <45mmHg 89.0% at one year and 86.0% at three year compared with the group with SPAP ≥45mmHg 68.8% at one year and 58.1% (35.1% to 75.4%) at three years (p=0.0004). Conclusion: Patients with SPAP ≥45mmHg had higher surgical mortality and worse survival at three years after aortic valvereplacement surgery...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Sobrevida , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Análise de Variância , Estudos de Coortes , Vasos Coronários , Doenças Reumáticas/etiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/mortalidade , Análise Multivariada , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é a via final de todas as cardiopatias. Com o avanço tecnológico, asobrevida do cardiopata vem aumentando. Paralelamente observa-se o aumento da incidência da IC. Há poucosdados em relação à evolução tecnológica e seu real impacto na mortalidade desses pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução dos índices de internações hospitalares em pacientes adultos com insuficiência cardíaca, taxa de permanência e mortalidade no Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Os dados foram obtidos no DATASUS, referentes ao período de 2001 a 2012. Foram avaliados: a incidência de internações hospitalares gerais e por IC, a média de permanência, a mortalidade e o custo hospitalar, estratificados por sexo, faixa etária e local de internação hospitalar.Resultados: No período estudado ocorreram 91272037 internações hospitalares, sendo 3,96% por IC. Pacientes do sexo masculino corresponderam a 50,76%. O número absoluto de internações por IC diminuiu de 379463 em 2001 para 240 280 em 2012. A média de permanência global foi 5,8 dias em 2001 e 6,6 dias em 2012. A taxa de mortalidade esteve em ascensão, iniciando com 6,58% em 2001 e chegando a 9,5% em 2012 (aumento de 46,1%). O custo da AIH média aumentou de R$ 519,54 em 2001 para R$ 1209,56 em 2012 (aumento de 132,8%). Conclusão: Mesmo com a diminuição das internações hospitalares, a IC é uma síndrome de elevado custo para o Sistema Único de Saúde, com elevados índices de mortalidade que paradoxalmente aumentaram ao longo do tempo apesar do avanço tecnológico ocorrido...
Heart failure (HF) is the final common event of all cardiac diseases. Technological advances have allowed for significant improvement to survival rates in cardiac patients. Correspondingly, an increase in the HF incidence has been observed. Few dataare available on technological advances and their actual impact on the mortality rate of these patients. Objective: To assess the progress of hospital admission rates of adult patients with heart failure, average length of stay and mortality rate in the Brazilian SUS (Unified Health System). Methods: DATASUS data for the 2001-2012 period were obtained. An assessment was performed of data such as all-cause hospital admissions and heart failure-related admissions, average length of stay in hospital, mortality rate and hospital costs, after being stratified by sex, age and place of hospitalization. Results: Over the study period, there have been 91,272,037 hospital admissions, of which 3.96% were due to HF. Male patients accounted for 50.76%. The absolute number of HF-related hospital admissions decreased from 379,463, in 2001, to 240,280, in 2012. The average overall stay in hospital was 5.8 days, in 2001, and 6.6 days, in 2012. The mortality rate was on the rise, from 6.58%, in 2001, to 9.5%, in 2012 (a 46.1% increase). The average cost of AH increased from R$ 519.54, in 2001, to R$ 1,209.56, in 2012 (a 132.8% increase). Conclusion: Despite the decline in hospital admissions, HF is a highly costly syndrome for the Brazilian Unified Health System, with high mortality rates, which paradoxically increased over time, despite technological advances...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Morte , Hospitalização , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Sistema Único de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Tratamento Farmacológico , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , Fatores Sexuais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) therapy has already been established in clinical trials but their effectiveness in several clinical settings remains undetermined. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ICD and CRT-D therapies within the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). METHODS: All patients who underwent ICD or CRT-D implantation within the SUS from 2001 to 2007 were included in the study. We compared estimated Kaplan-Meier survival curves using the Peto's test. Prognostic factors were selected using Cox's models. RESULTS: There were included 3,295 patients in the ICD group and 681 patients in the CRT-D group. Cardiac causes accounted for 79% of all deaths in both groups and Chagas' heart disease accounted for 31% of these deaths. In the CRT-D group, survival significantly decreased around the fourth year of follow-up, with a decrease from 59.5% to 38.3% in 5.5 months. Transvenous implantation technique was used in 62% of CRT-D patients. In-hospital case-fatality rates were higher in those undergoing surgical implantation (5.3%) than those undergoing transvenous implantation (1.6%) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that short-term, medium-term and long-term effectiveness of ICD therapy appears to be similar to that evidenced in clinical trials. In the CRT-D group, in-hospital case-fatality and 30-day case-fatality were higher than those reported in other studies. Surgical epicardial implantation technique was performed in this group at a higher frequency than that reported in the literature and was associated with poorer short-term prognosis.
Assuntos
Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Cardiomiopatias/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/mortalidade , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/terapia , Criança , Seguimentos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fundamentos: A estratificação do risco cardiovascular é fundamental para uma adequada abordagem na prevenção primária. No entanto, os atuais escores de risco não apresentam acurácia satisfatória na predição de eventos cardiovasculares.Objetivo: Avaliar se os dois escores de risco recomendados pelas principais sociedades de cardiologia apresentam valor preditivo para identificar pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular já estabelecido. Métodos: Foram analisados 72 pacientes classificados como de alto risco baseado em fatores independentes, conforme recomendação da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Na primeira consulta foram calculados o escore de Framingham e o SCORE risk para se proceder à avaliação do seu valor preditivo. Resultados: Dos 72 pacientes, 39 (53,4%) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 59,0±9,5 anos, média de129,0±22 mmHg e 78,0±14 mmHg de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, respectivamente. Eram hipertensos 91,8%, diabéticos 46,5%, tabagistas correntes 36,9% e portadores de doença arterial coronariana 72,6%, dos quais 56,1% com infarto prévio. Dentre esses pacientes, 32 (44,4%) foram considerados de baixo risco cardiovascular, 27 (37,5%) de risco intermediário e13 (18,1%) de alto risco pelo escore de Framingham; e 26 (36,1%) pacientes foram considerados de alto risco pelo SCORE risk. Conclusão: Em uma população de alto risco, nem o escore de Framingham nem o SCORE risk foram considerados bons identificadores de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular.
Background: Cardiovascular risk stratification is essential for an adequate approach to primary prevention. However, the current risk score shave no satisfactory accuracy in predicting cardiovascular events. Objective: To evaluate whether the two risk scores recommended by the major cardiology societies have predictive value in identifying patients with an established high cardiovascular risk. Methods: The study included 72 patients classified as high risk based on independent factors as recommended by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. At the first appointment, the Framingham score and the SCORE risk were calculated in order to evaluate the ability to identify high-risk individuals. Results: Of 72 patients, 39 (53.4%) patients were male with a mean age of 59±9.5 years, mean 129±22mmHg and 78±14mmHg systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. In the sample, 91.8% were hypertensive, 46.5% had diabetes, 36.9% were current smokers and72.6% were patients with coronary artery disease, of which 56.1% had previous myocardial infarction. Among these patients, 32 (44.4%)were considered at low cardiovascular risk, 27 (37.5%) intermediate-risk and 13 (18.1%) high-risk by the Framingham score; and 26 (36.1%) patients were considered at high risk by the SCORE risk. Conclusion: Based on the high-risk population, neither the Framingham score nor the SCORE risk were considered good identifiers of patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Pressão Arterial , Aterosclerose/complicações , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus , Análise Multivariada , Prevenção Primária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prevenção SecundáriaRESUMO
Fundamentos: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é uma das principais causas de internação no SUS e importante fator de risco para a disfunção ventricular. Os pacientes portadores de DAC são classificados como de alto risco cardiovascular, apresentando metas terapêuticas cada vez mais rigorosas.Objetivo: Avaliar o controle dos fatores de risco tradicionais e metas terapêuticas em pacientes com DAC.Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório da residência médica de uma unidade terciária de saúde, hospital referência em cardiologia na rede pública, no período de abril de 2013 a abril de 2014. Preencheram os critérios de inclusão 110 pacientes.Resultados: Dentre os pacientes incluídos, 68,1% eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi 60,1±9,2 anos. Tinham diagnóstico de HAS, 90,9% dos pacientes; 42,7% de DM, 81,8% de dislipidemia (DLP), 25,4% eram tabagistas e 32,7% apresentavam história familiar positiva para DAC. A maior parte (61%) recebeu tratamento clínico mais cirúrgico, seguindo-se o tratamento clínico mais percutâneo (20,9%) e por último o tratamento clínico exclusivo (18,1%). Em relação ao controle de metas, 78,1% estavam com pressão arterial controlada (PAS <140 mmHg e PAD <90 mmHg), 65,4% com TG <150 mg/dL; 87,2% com CT <200 mg/dL; 29,1% com HDL >45 mg/dL; 65,4% com LDL <100 mg/dL; e 27,2% com LDL <70 mg/dL.Conclusão: Apesar de serem pacientes de alta complexidade e alto risco, obteve-se boa resposta no controle pressórico, enquanto no controle da dislipidemia os resultados foram insatisfatórios, o que pode em parte ser explicado pelas opções terapêuticas disponíveis na rede pública de saúde.
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of hospitalization in Brazils Unified National Health System (SUS) and an important risk factor for ventricular dysfunction. CAD patients are rated as high cardiovascular risks, with increasingly tighter treatment targets.Objective: To assess traditional CAD risk factor controls and treatment targets among CAD patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the medical records of patients seen at the residency outpatient clinic at a tertiary healthcare facility that is a cardiology reference center in the SUS from April 2013 to April 2014. The inclusion criteria were met by 110 patients.Results: Among the included patients, 68.1% were male, with an average age of 60.1±9.2 years; 90.9% were diagnosed with hypertension; 42.7% with DM, 81.8% with dyslipidemia (DLP), 25.4% were smokers and 32.7% had positive family histories of CAD. Most (61%) received surgical and clinical treatment, followed by clinical and percutaneous treatment (20.9%) and finally clinical treatment only (18.1%). Regarding target controls, 78.1% had controlled blood pressure (SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg), 65.4% with TG <150 mg/dL; 87.2% with TC <200 mg/dL; HDL with 29.1%> 45 mg/dL; 65.4% with LDL <100 mg/dL; LDL and 27.2% with <70 mg/dL.Conclusion: Despite being high-complexity and high-risk patients, a good response was obtained only for blood pressure control, while the dyslipidemia control findings were unsatisfactory, which may be partly explained by the treatment options available in the SUS.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Terapêutica/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Dislipidemias/terapia , Fatores Epidemiológicos , Hipertensão/terapia , Estudo Observacional , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaAssuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgiaAssuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Oral care is frequently suboptimal in children from developing countries, especially those suffering from severe systemic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the oral epidemiological profile of 3-to-5-year-old children with congenital heart disease. Dental and medical records of children evaluated at the Dental Service of the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were reviewed. Caries experience was reported using the dmft index. Negative behavior towards dental management was recorded. The sample consisted of 144 children aged 4.41 ± 0.95 years. The mean dmft value was 5.4 ± 4.9, and 80.5% had at least one caries lesion. Dmft index was greater in the presence of cyanotic cardiac disease and in children with negative behavior. An increase in the “missing” component of the dmft index was also found in children using medicine on a daily basis. A higher caries experience was associated with children whose fathers had only an elementary education. In conclusion, children with congenital heart disease had high levels of caries experience at a young age. Cyanosis, negative behavior, daily use of medicine, one-parent family and the educational level of fathers seem to influence caries experience in children with congenital cardiac disease.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Registros Odontológicos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Prontuários Médicos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Oral care is frequently suboptimal in children from developing countries, especially those suffering from severe systemic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the oral epidemiological profile of 3-to-5-year-old children with congenital heart disease. Dental and medical records of children evaluated at the Dental Service of the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were reviewed. Caries experience was reported using the dmft index. Negative behavior towards dental management was recorded. The sample consisted of 144 children aged 4.41 ± 0.95 years. The mean dmft value was 5.4 ± 4.9, and 80.5% had at least one caries lesion. Dmft index was greater in the presence of cyanotic cardiac disease and in children with negative behavior. An increase in the "missing" component of the dmft index was also found in children using medicine on a daily basis. A higher caries experience was associated with children whose fathers had only an elementary education. In conclusion, children with congenital heart disease had high levels of caries experience at a young age. Cyanosis, negative behavior, daily use of medicine, one-parent family and the educational level of fathers seem to influence caries experience in children with congenital cardiac disease.