RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate by central composite design the influence of colouring agents in lipstick colour, expressed by L*, a*, b* parameters (CIELab system) where L* indicates lightness, and a* and b* are the chromaticity coordinates. The a* indicates colour direction from red to green and b* from yellow to blue. METHODS: Lipsticks were formulated as described by (Recent Adv. Prosp. Potent Med. Plants, 2009 and 39). The combined effect of three variables (dye, pigment and opacifier) was evaluated by different formulations in a central composite design. Colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) were analysed by reflectance spectrophotometry. Lipsticks were characterized by visual analyses and melting point. RESULTS: All formulations were integrate and homogeneous. The pigments and dye do not influence in colour transfer neither in melting point of lipsticks. On the other hand, results indicated that variables studied show influence only in parameter b*, whereas for L* and a* values there was no significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was possible to verify that only the colour parameter b* was influenced by the variation in colouring agent's concentrations in lipstick formulation, leading to the production of the colour ranging between violet and light red. Such results are useful for developing new lipstick formulations to obtain the desired colour in the final product.
Assuntos
Corantes , Cosméticos , Colorimetria/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to assess any improvement in the IGT (Individual Glucose Threshold) of soldiers during military physical training (MPT). Nine healthy non-athlete recruits (mean weight: 66.3+/-7.9 kg; mean height: 1.77+/-0.05 cm; mean age: 18.4+/-0.5 year) were submitted to incremental ergometric test on a treadmill. The initial speed was 6.0 km.h (-1) followed by increment of 1.0 km.h (-1) every 2 min until the subject became exhausted. Between running stages, a 15 s pause allowed 5 muL of capillary blood sample to be collected from the earlobe for glucose analysis. The IGT was determined by blood glucose concentration ([Gluc]) kinetics considering the exercise intensity corresponding to the lower [Gluc] during the test. The tests were conducted in four steps: before and after exactly 30, 60, and 90 days of training. The results showed that IGT was initially detected at 9.4+/-1.8 km.h (-1) but shifted to 11.4+/-1.9, 11.2+/-2.1 and 11.9+/-1.4 at 30, 60, and 90 days of training, respectively. A significant improvement after 30 and 90 days of training (p<0.05) compared to baseline. We concluded that the IGT shifted to higher exercise intensities after MPT. Future studies examining different training modalities are required to verify our results.
Assuntos
Glicemia/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Militares , Adolescente , Limiar Anaeróbio , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Educação Física e Treinamento , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Polyaniline (PANI) was chemically synthesized on a dacron disk surface and an antigen (F1 fraction) obtained from Yersinia pestis was covalently fixed onto this composite via glutaraldehyde. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or rapid ELISA procedure detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-F1 fraction in human serum employing this derivative. The appropriate conditions for carrying out the test were established as an antigen concentration of 2 microg/PANI-dacron disk, peroxidase labeled goat anti-human IgG conjugate diluted 4000 times, and a serum dilution of 1:100. The PANI-dacron disks showed greater antigen retention than conventional poly(vinyl chloride) plates and less antibody unspecific adsorption.