RESUMO
Climate change and variability are known to have an influence on human wellbeing in a variety of ways. In Latin America, such forces are especially conspicuous, particularly in respect of extreme climatological, hydrological, and weather events (EWEs) and climate-sensitive disasters (CSDs). Consistent with the need to study further such connections, this paper presents an analysis of some of the vulnerabilities of environmental health issues and climate-related impacts that are focusing on EWEs and CSDs in Latin American countries. The research includes an analysis of the (i) human and socio-economic development; (ii) geographical and socio-economic determinants of vulnerability and adaptability of environmental health issues (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity); (iii) occurrence of CSDs from 1988 to 2017 and their direct impacts on human wellbeing (Total death and Affected people); (iv) an online survey on the perceptions of the effects of EWEs on human wellbeing in a sample of countries in the region; and (v) discussion of possible solutions. The socio-economic and development indices, and the International Disaster Database (EM-DAT) and Climate-Risk Index (CRI) disaster statistics suggest that the impacts of CSDs are primarily related to socio-economic determinants of human wellbeing and health inequalities. Also, >80% respondents to the survey say that the leading causes of climate-related human impacts are the lack of (i) public awareness; (ii) investment and (iii) preparedness. The paper concludes by adding some suggestions that show how countries in Latin America may better cope with the impacts of Climate-sensitive Disasters.
Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Satisfação Pessoal , Populações Vulneráveis , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Animais , Desastres/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Ambiental , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , América Latina , Risco , Ovinos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
RESUMO Nas últimas décadas, a biodiversidade tem estado no centro do debate da crise ecológica. Esta discussão mobiliza cientistas, políticos, sociedade civil e as populações em todo o mundo, apelando à necessidade de criar estratégias sustentáveis para a sua preservação e enfatizando abordagens mais holísticas entre natureza, sociedade e cultura para a sua promoção. Nesta análise, consideramos fundamental partir da desconstrução do desenvolvimento social e ambiental, dando especial relevância aos aspetos estruturais que o condicionam, nas suas relações e manifestações sociais, culturais e ambientais, mas, sobretudo, à agência dos indivíduos, evidenciando os conhecimentos plurais que veiculam e os espaços de emancipação e democracia participativa que requerem.
ABSTRACT In the last decades, biodiversity has been at the center of the debate of the ecological crisis. This discussion has mobilized scientists, politicians, civil society and people around the world appealing to the need to develop sustainable strategies for their preservation emphasizing more holistic approaches between nature, society and culture. In this analysis, we consider that it is essential the deconstruction of social and environmental development, giving priority to the structural aspects that have a close influence on social, cultural and environmental factors, but, especially, to the agency of individuals, demonstrating the plural knowledge they convey and spaces of empowerment and participatory democracy that they require..
RESUMO
RESUMO Nas últimas décadas, a biodiversidade tem estado no centro do debate da crise ecológica. Esta discussão mobiliza cientistas, políticos, sociedade civil e as populações em todo o mundo, apelando à necessidade de criar estratégias sustentáveis para a sua preservação e enfatizando abordagens mais holísticas entre natureza, sociedade e cultura para a sua promoção. Nesta análise, consideramos fundamental partir da desconstrução do desenvolvimento social e ambiental, dando especial relevância aos aspetos estruturais que o condicionam, nas suas relações e manifestações sociais, culturais e ambientais, mas, sobretudo, à agência dos indivíduos, evidenciando os conhecimentos plurais que veiculam e os espaços de emancipação e democracia participativa que requerem.
ABSTRACT In the last decades, biodiversity has been at the center of the debate of the ecological crisis. This discussion has mobilized scientists, politicians, civil society and people around the world appealing to the need to develop sustainable strategies for their preservation emphasizing more holistic approaches between nature, society and culture. In this analysis, we consider that it is essential the deconstruction of social and environmental development, giving priority to the structural aspects that have a close influence on social, cultural and environmental factors, but, especially, to the agency of individuals, demonstrating the plural knowledge they convey and spaces of empowerment and participatory democracy that they require..