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BACKGROUND: Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of cellular health, function, and integrity. PhA has been considered an indicator of nutritional and health status, but it is uncertain whether it could be used as a fitness or athletic performance indicator. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between PhA and the fitness and athletic performance of adolescent boxers and to know whether this association is independent of body composition. METHODS: Thirty-seven trained youth boxers (15-18 y old) participated in the study. Participants underwent anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance assessments. The following tests were conducted: Fitness-Gram battery; speed, agility, and quickness; ball throws; punch impact force; bench press maximal strength; and vertical and horizontal jumps. Linear regression models were estimated and adjusted by covariates. RESULTS: The PhA was related to upper-limb strength. Nevertheless, in linear regression models, after adjusting models by body composition, only PhA remained as a predictor of relative maximal strength. The PhA was not a predictor of speed, agility, and quickness; cardiorespiratory fitness; or lower-limb power, in which adiposity was the main predictor of fitness. CONCLUSIONS: In adolescent boxers, PhA can predict upper-limb maximal strength independently of bioelectrical impedance analysis premises. However, compared with mucle mass, PhA is not a better predictor of upper-limb maximal strength.
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Fundamento: la sexualidad en el anciano es un factor esencial en el mantenimiento de su calidad de vida. Objetivo: caracterizar la vida sexual de adultos mayores de un área de salud. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y trasversal en el consultorio 163 del Policlínico Universitario Raúl Sánchez, de Pinar del Río en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre del 2020 y septiembre del 2021. El universo de trabajo estuvo integrado por 104 adultos mayores y la muestra por 72 ancianos, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional por criterios. El instrumento utilizado fue la entrevista; los datos obtenidos fueron llevados a una encuesta que con preguntas cerradas fue aplicado personalmente a cada uno de los integrantes del estudio. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: sexo, estado civil, escolaridad, vida sexual, técnicas sexuales preferidas, funcionamiento sexual, causas que impiden la realización del acto sexual, enfermedades asociadas y consumo de medicamentos. Resultados: existió predominio del nivel de escolaridad primario, el estado civil sin parejas, el sexo femenino y la inactividad sexual; prevaleció el coito vaginal como forma más frecuente de manifestar la actividad sexual. Más del 90 % de los hombres presenta alguna dificultad en la vida sexual. El 22, 5 % presenta dificultades debido a enfermedades orgánicas. Conclusiones: es falso que el anciano sea un ente desprovisto de interés por la vida sexual, pero está afectada por varios factores, entre los que destacan las enfermedades orgánicas y la falta de pareja.
Background: sexuality in the elderly is an essential factor in maintaining their quality of life. Objective: to characterize the sexual life of older adults in a health area. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in office 163 of the Raúl Sánchez University Polyclinic, in Pinar del Río in the period between September 2020 and September 2021. The universe of work was made up of 104 older adults and the sample consisted of 72 elderly, by means of intentional sampling by criteria. The instrument used was the interview; the data obtained were taken to a survey that with closed questions was personally applied to each of the study members. The following variables were analyzed: sex, marital status, education, sexual life, preferred sexual techniques, sexual functioning, causes that prevent the performance of the sexual act, associated diseases and drug use. Results: there was a predominance of primary school level, marital status without partners, female sex and sexual inactivity; vaginal intercourse predominated as the most frequent way of manifesting sexual activity. More than 90 % of men have some difficulty in sexual life. 22.5% present difficulties due to organic diseases. Conclusions: it is false that the elderly is an entity devoid of interest in sexual life, but it is affected by several factors, among which organic diseases and lack of a partner stand out.
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The hypoglycemic effect of functional phytochemicals has been evaluated in diabetic rodents but scarcely in its premorbid condition (prediabetes; PD). This study aimed to evaluate a mango (cv. Ataulfo) peel hydroethanolic (20:80) extract (MPE) for in vivo glycemic/lipidemic-normalizing effect and in vitro enzyme inhibitory (α-amylase/α-glucosidase) activity. The polyphenolic MPE (138 mg EAG.g−1, mainly gallic acid and mangiferin) with antioxidant capacity (DPPH⢠34 mgTE.g−1) was fed to PD rats (induction: high-fat diet (60% energy) + single dose streptozotocin (35 mg·kg−1), 4 weeks). At the 8th week, fasting glycemia (FG), oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-ß) > blood lipid-normalizing effect were documented as healthy controls > MPE > disease (PD) controls, which was possibly related to the extract's concentration−response in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 ≈ 0.085 mg·mL−1). MPE is a rich source of glucose-lowering phytochemicals for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad periodontal y la diabetes mellitus son padecimientos de origen multifactorial que se asocian bidireccionalmente: la diabetes mellitus aumenta el riesgo de padecer enfermedades periodontales y estas últimas afectan el control glucémico. Objetivo: determinar el estado periodontal de pacientes diabéticos con procesos inflamatorios crónicos, atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente "Antonio Briones Montoto" de Pinar del Río. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en pacientes diabéticos con presencia de enfermedad periodontal inmunoinflamatoria crónica, atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente "Antonio Briones Montoto" entre mayo de 2018 y marzo de 2020. El universo estuvo constituido por 97 pacientes, se seleccionó una muestra de 64 mediante muestreo intencional no probabilístico. La información de interés se obtuvo de la ficha de recolección de datos e historia clínica de Periodoncia. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (54,7 %), el grupo etario de 60 y más años (32,8 %) y la periodontitis crónica (76,6 %). La higiene bucal deficiente (81,3 %), los dientes perdidos no restituidos (71,1 %) y el cálculo dental (70,3 %) fueron los factores de riesgo con mayor prevalencia. Existió asociación entre la periodontitis y la hiperglucemia antes del tratamiento periodontal (p=0,014); los valores de glucemia disminuyeron después del tratamiento en el 73,4 % de los pacientes. Conclusiones: la enfermedad periodontal en los pacientes diabéticos se presenta principalmente pasada la sexta década de vida, con la higiene bucal deficiente, dientes perdidos no reconstituidos y cálculos dentales como causas principales. Lo que demuestra que la presencia de periodontitis se relaciona con la diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are multifactorial conditions that are bidirectional associated: diabetes mellitus increases the risk of suffering periodontal diseases and the latter affect glycemic control. Objective: to determine the periodontal status of diabetic patients with chronic inflammatory processes, attended Antonio Briones Montoto Teaching Dentistry Clinic in Pinar del Río. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study in diabetic patients with presence of chronic immune-inflammatory periodontal disease attended Antonio Briones Montoto Teaching Dentistry Clinic in Pinar del Río between May 2018 and March 2020. The target group comprised 97 patients; choosing a sample of 64 by non-probabilistic intentional sampling. The information of interest was obtained from the data collection form and clinical history of Periodontics. Results: female sex (54.7 %), age group 60 years and older (32.8 %) and chronic periodontitis (76.6 %) predominated. Poor oral hygiene (81.3 %), missing teeth not replaced (71.1 %) and dental calculus (70.3 %) were the most prevalent risk factors. There was an association between periodontitis and hyperglycemia before periodontal treatment (p=0.014); glycemic values decreased after treatment in 73.4 % of patients. Conclusions: periodontal disease in diabetic patients occurs mainly after the sixth decade of life, with poor oral hygiene, missing teeth not replaced and dental calculus were determined as the main causes. The presence of periodontitis is related.
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BACKGROUND: Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound exhibiting multiple bioactivities that have been evaluated in vitro, in vivo as well as through clinical studies in humans. Some of them include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and central nervous system protective effects. Further, curcumin is generally recognized as a safe substance because of its low toxicity. However, its molecular structure is susceptible to changes in pH, oxidation, photodegradation, low aqueous solubility, and biotransformation compromising its bioavailability; these drawbacks are successfully addressed through nanotechnology. OBJECTIVE: The present review systematizes findings on the enhancement of curcumin's beneficial effects when it is loaded and co-loaded into different types of nanosystems covering liposomes, polymeric and solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipid-polymeric hybrids, self- -assembled and protein-based core-shell systems in relation to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system protective bioactivities. CONCLUSION: Curcumin is a versatile molecule capable of exerting antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, and central nervous system protective effects in an enhanced manner using the possibilities offered by the nanotechnology-based approach. Its enhanced bioactivities are associated with increments in solubility, stability, bioavailability, as well as in improved intracellular uptake and cell internalization. These advantages, in addition to curcumin's low toxicity, indicate the potential of curcumin to be loaded and co-loaded into nanosystems capable of providing a controlled release and targeted administration.
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Curcumina , Nanopartículas , Disponibilidade Biológica , Humanos , Lipídeos , SolubilidadeRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad periodontal y la diabetes mellitus son padecimientos de origen multifactorial que se asocian de manera bidireccional. En la actualidad existe un gran número de pacientes diabéticos que sufren periodontopatías. Objetivo: evaluar el estado de salud periodontal en pacientes diabéticos crónicos de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente "Antonio Briones Montoto", en el período comprendido entre septiembre 2016 a mayo 2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 78 pacientes diabéticos crónicos atendidos en consulta, en el período comprendido de septiembre del 2016 a mayo del 2018. La información de interés se obtuvo de las historias clínicas individuales de servicios básicos de Estomatología y de Periodoncia. Todos los pacientes dieron su consentimiento informado y los resultados se obtuvieron a través de un análisis estadístico que incluyó el porcentaje, la razón y la proporción. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y los pacientes del grupo etáreo de 60 y más años. La enfermedad periodontal estuvo presente en más de la mitad de los diabéticos, dominó el tipo inmunoinflamatoria crónica, con la preeminencia de la periodontitis. El cálculo, la higiene bucal deficiente y los dientes perdidos no restituidos, resultaron los factores que más afectaron. Los pacientes con valores de hiperglicemia disminuyeron después del tratamiento periodontal. Conclusiones: la enfermedad periodontal se encontró presente en un alto número de pacientes diabéticos, los valores de hiperglicemia disminuyeron después del tratamiento periodontal.
ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are conditions of multifactorial origin having a bidirectional association. A large number of diabetic people currently suffer from periodontal diseases. Objective: to evaluate the periodontal health status of chronic diabetic people at Antonio Briones Montoto Teaching Dentistry Clinic between September 2016 and May 2018. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted including 78 chronic diabetic people attending the consultation from September 2016 to May 2018. Significant information was obtained from the individual medical records of basic dentistry and periodontics services. All patients provided informed consent and results were obtained using statistical analysis including percentage, ratio and proportion. Results: female sex predominated with 65,4 % and patients in the age group of 60 and over (34,6 %). Periodontal disease was present in 69,2 % of diabetic people, chronic immune-inflammatory type periodontitis predominated in 57,4 %. Dental calculus, poor oral hygiene and missing teeth not restored were the factors that most affected 74,4 %, 66,7 % and 48,7 % respectively. Patients with hyperglycemia values decreased after periodontal treatment by 40 %. Conclusions: periodontal disease was present in a high number of diabetic people, hyperglycemia values decreased after periodontal treatment.
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RESUMEN Introducción: el Tisuacryl es un biomaterial de gran efectividad como apósito periodontal en papilectomías, gingivectomías y gingivoplastias. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad del Tisuacryl con respecto al cemento quirúrgico o Quirucem, usados como apósito periodontal en cirugías periodontales. Métodos: estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles en 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de gingivitis crónica fibrosa y fibroedematosa desde septiembre de 2016 a junio de 2017. Se realizó examen físico, confección de historia clínica de periodoncia, tratamiento periodontal y selección de pacientes con necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico. Se utilizaron medidas de resúmenes para variables cualitativas como el porcentaje y para variables cuantitativas como la media y la desviación estándar. Se empleó el test estadístico prueba de Chi cuadrado con nivel de significación de &= 0.05 para la comparación de los grupos con diferentes modalidades de tratamiento. Resultados: el total de los pacientes tratados con Tisuacryl expresaron comodidad con el uso de este y no se produjo acúmulo de placa dentobacteriana. Solo el 30 % presentó enrojecimiento a los siete días, pero a los 15 se constató cicatrización total de la herida. Con Quirucem existieron todos los síntomas y signos estudiados y en todos los casos el enrojecimiento; más de la mitad presentó incomodidad en la evolución y el 40 % de los casos a los 15 días continuaban sin cicatrizar totalmente. Conclusiones: el Tisuacryl resultó más efectivo con respecto al Quirucem considerando el menor tiempo de cicatrización, mayor comodidad y estética en los pacientes.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Tisuacryl is a highly effective biomaterial as a periodontal dressing in papillectomies, gingivectomies and gingivoplasties. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of Tisuacryl with respect to surgical cement or Quirucem, used as a periodontal dressing in periodontal surgeries. Methods: observational analytical study of cases and controls in 60 patients with the diagnosis of chronic fibrous and fibro-edematous gingivitis from September 2016 to June 2017. Physical examination, periodontal history, periodontal treatment and selection of patients in need of surgical treatment were performed. Summary measures were used for qualitative variables, such as percentage and for quantitative variables such as mean and standard deviation. The chi-square statistical test with a significance level of &= 0.05 was used to compare the groups with different treatment modalities. Results: all patients treated with Tisuacryl expressed comfort with its use and no accumulation of dentobacterial plaque occurred. Only 30 % had redness at seven days, but at 15 days the wound was completely healed. With Quirucem all the symptoms and signs studied were present along with redness in all cases; more than the half of patients complained of discomfort during evolution and 40 % of the cases at 15 days remained totally unhealed. Conclusions: Tisuacryl was more effective than Quirucem considering the shorter time of cicatrization, greater comfort and better aesthetics results in patients.
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Abnormal fibrillary aggregation of tau protein is a pathological condition observed in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies; however, the presence and pathological significance of early non-fibrillary aggregates of tau remain under investigation. In cell and animal models expressing normal or modified tau, toxic effects altering the structure and function of several membranous organelles have also been reported in the absence of fibrillary structures; however, how these abnormalities are produced is an issue yet to be addressed. In order to obtain more insights into the mechanisms by which tau may disturb intracellular membranous elements, we transiently overexpressed human full-length tau and several truncated tau variants in cultured neuroblastoma cells. After 48âh of transfection, either full-length or truncated tau forms produced significant fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus (GA) with no changes in cell viability. Noteworthy is that in the majority of cells exhibiting dispersion of the GA, a ring-shaped array of cortical or perinuclear microtubule (Mt) bundles was also generated under the expression of either variant of tau. In contrast, Taxol treatment of non-transfected cells increased the amount of Mt bundles but not sufficiently to produce fragmentation of the GA. Tau-induced ring-shaped Mt bundles appeared to be well-organized and stable structures because they were resistant to Nocodazole post-treatment and displayed a high level of tubulin acetylation. These results further indicate that a mechanical force generated by tau-induced Mt-bundling may be responsible for Golgi fragmentation and that the repeated domain region of tau may be the main promoter of this effect.
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Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Complexo de Golgi/metabolismo , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/ultraestrutura , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Brefeldina A/farmacologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Humanos , Mutação/genética , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Nocodazol/farmacologia , Compostos Orgânicos/metabolismo , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/farmacologia , Transfecção , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMO
Abnormal aggregation of Tau in glial cells has been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies; however, the pathological significance of these aggregates remains unsolved to date. In this study, we evaluated whether full-length Tau (Tau441) and its aspartic acid421-truncated Tau variant (Tau421) produce alterations in the normal organization of the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane (PM) when transiently expressed in cultured C6-glial cells. Forty-eight hours post-transfection, abnormal microtubule bundling was observed in the majority of the cells, which expressed either Tau441 or Tau421. Moreover, both variants of Tau produced extensive PM blebbing associated with cortical redistribution of filamentous actin (F-Actin). These effects were reverted when Tau-expressing cells were incubated with drugs that depolymerize F-Actin. In addition, when glial cells showing Tau-induced PM blebbing were incubated with inhibitors of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway, both formation of abnormal PM blebs and F-Actin remodeling were avoided. All of these effects were initiated upstream by abnormal Tau-induced microtubule bundling, which may release the microtubule-bound guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) into the cytoplasm in order to activate its major effector RhoA-GTPase. These results may represent a new mechanism of Tau toxicity in which Tau-induced microtubule bundling produces activation of the Rho-GTPase-ROCK pathway that in turn mediates the remodeling of cortical Actin and PM blebbing. In AD and other tauopathies, these Tau-induced abnormalities may occur and contribute to the impairment of glial activity.
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Actinas/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Neuroglia/metabolismo , Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismo , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Actinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/patologia , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Eletroforese , Imunofluorescência , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/metabolismo , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Microscopia Confocal , Neuroglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuroglia/patologia , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transfecção , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMO
Tree nuts such as pecans (Carya illinoinensis) contain mostly oil but are also a source of polyphenols. Nut consumption has been linked to a reduction in serum lipid levels and oxidative stress. These effects have been attributed to the oil while overlooking the potential contribution of the polyphenols. Because the evidence regarding each fraction's bioactivity is scarce, we administered high-fat (HF) diets to male Wistar rats, supplementing them with pecan oil (HF+PO), pecan polyphenols (HF+PP) or whole pecans (HF+WP), and analysed the effects of each fraction. The HF diet increased the serum leptin and total cholesterol (TC) with respect to the control levels. The HF+WP diet prevented hyperleptinemia and decreased the TC compared with the control. The HF+WP diet upregulated the hepatic expression of apolipoprotein B and LDL receptor mRNAs with respect to the HF levels. The HF+PO diet reduced the level of triacylglycerols compared with the control. The HF+PP diet stimulated the hepatic expression of liver X receptor alpha mRNA. The HF+WP diet increased the activities of hepatic catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S transferase compared with the control, and decreased the degree of lipid peroxidation compared with the HF diet. The most bioactive diet was the WP diet.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carya/química , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nozes/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais , Leptina/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Introducción: la estomatitis aftosa recurrente es la más frecuente de las lesiones de la mucosa bucal. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento de la radiación láser de baja potencia. Material y método: se realizó un estudio analítico, prospectivo en una muestra de 90 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de estomatitis aftosa, que asistieron a consulta en la Clínica Provincial Docente "Antonio Briones Montoto" de Pinar del Río desde septiembre de 2011 a septiembre de 2012. Se conformaron 2 grupos de 45 pacientes cada uno. Un grupo de estudio al que se le aplicó tratamiento con radiación láser de baja potencia con parámetros analgésicos, antinflamatorios y cicatrizantes. Un segundo grupo control con igual cantidad de pacientes que fueron tratados con Tintura de propóleo al 5%. Para el análisis de los resultados se aplicó la prueba Chi cuadrado de independencia, fijando un nivel de significación á = 0.05 y la prueba de 2 proporciones de grupos independientes. Resultados: el 75,5% de los pacientes tratados con láser terapia refirieron remisión del dolor. El 30% de los expuestos a este tratamiento experimentó la cura en una sesión. El tiempo de cicatrización se redujo en 42 pacientes a un período menor a los siete días. Se constató asociación significativa entre el empleo del láser y la remisión de los síntomas así como la menor necesidad de sesiones de tratamiento. Conclusiones: se demostró la efectividad del tratamiento propuesto permitiendo recomendarlo como una opción terapéutica adecuada.
Introduction: recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most frequent lesions of the oral mucosa. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with low-level laser radiation. Material and method: an analytical, prospective study in a sample of 90 patients having the clinical diagnosis of aphthous stomatitis. These patients attended at "Briones Montoto" Provincial Teaching Dentistry Clinic, Pinar del Rio from September 2011-2012. Two groups of 45 patients each one, applying treatment by means of low-level laser radiation with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing parameters to the study group. The second, control group (45) was treated using propolis tincture at 5%; chi square test of independence, fixed level of significance á = 0.05 and the test of 2 proportions of independent groups were used to carry out the statistical analysis of the results. Results: 75,5% of the patients treated with laser therapy expressed remission of pain; 30 % of them felt the recovery in one session. Scar formation was reduced in 42 patients in less than a seven-day-period. A significant association between the use of laser therapy and remission of symptoms was observed, as well as the need of less treatment sessions. Conclusions: effectiveness of the treatment proposed was demonstrated, so as to recommend it as an adequate therapeutic option.
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Abnormal intracellular aggregation of tau protein is a pathological condition leading to neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. Fibrillar and nonfibrillar aggregates of tau protein alter the normal functioning of neurons by disturbing important cellular processes and distinct membranous organelles. However, tau-caused alterations in the nuclear compartment are not totally established so far. In our study we evaluated whether tau protein and its Asp421-truncated variant produce alterations in the normal architecture of the nucleus when expressed in cultured neuroblastoma cells. After 48 hours of transfection, significant deformity of the nuclear compartment with extensive lobulations along the nuclear envelope was observed in SH-SY5Y cells expressing either full-length tau or Asp421-truncated tau. This aberrant formation did not involve either nuclear fragmentation or cell death. The lobulated nuclei were devoid of tau protein, which mostly remained in the cytoplasm in a nonfibrillar state. Degradation of nuclear Lamins was not observed in tau-expressing SH-SY5Y cells, and a cell-cycle analysis did not show aberrant chromosome accumulation. Thus multiple division defects leading to multinucleation were discarded. The lobulated nuclei in tau-expressing SH-SY5Y cells seem to more resemble the multilobular phenotype of the nuclear envelope seen in Lamin-mutated cells from those pathological conditions leading to premature aging. Nevertheless, in our tau-expressing cells, the abnormal formation of cortical and perinuclear rings of tubulin generated by tau binding may be a more feasible mechanism of a nuclear-cytoskeleton generating force that causes the nuclear deformation.
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Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Núcleo Celular/genética , Citoesqueleto/genética , Humanos , Microtúbulos/genética , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/genética , Neurônios/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMO
A considerable portion of oil reserves in Mexico corresponds to heavy oils. This feature makes it more difficult to recover the remaining oil in the reservoir after extraction with conventional techniques. Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) has been considered as a promising technique to further increase oil recovery, but its application has been developed mainly with light oils; therefore, more research is required for heavy oil. In this study, the recovery of Mexican heavy oil (11.1°API and viscosity 32,906 mPa s) in a coreflood experiment was evaluated using the extremophile mixed culture A7, which was isolated from a Mexican oil field. Culture A7 includes fermentative, thermophilic, and anaerobic microorganisms. The experiments included waterflooding and MEOR stages, and were carried out under reservoir conditions (70°C and 9.65 MPa). MEOR consisted of injections of nutrients and microorganisms followed by confinement periods. In the MEOR stages, the mixed culture A7 produced surface-active agents (surface tension reduction 27 mN m⻹), solvents (ethanol, 1738 mg L⻹), acids (693 mg L⻹), and gases, and also degraded heavy hydrocarbon fractions in an extreme environment. The interactions of these metabolites with the oil, as well as the bioconversion of heavy oil fractions to lighter fractions (increased alkanes in the C8-C30 range), were the mechanisms responsible for the mobility and recovery of heavy oil from the porous media. Oil recovery by MEOR was 19.48% of the residual oil in the core after waterflooding. These results show that MEOR is a potential alternative to heavy oil recovery in Mexican oil fields.
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Indústrias Extrativas e de Processamento/métodos , Campos de Petróleo e Gás/microbiologia , Petróleo/metabolismo , Thermoanaerobacter/metabolismo , Alcanos/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , México , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Tensão Superficial , Tensoativos/metabolismo , Thermoanaerobacter/genética , Thermoanaerobacter/isolamento & purificação , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Cultured neurons obtained from MAP1B-deficient mice have a delay in axon outgrowth and a reduced rate of axonal elongation compared with neurons from wild-type mice. Here we show that MAP1B deficiency results in a significant decrease in Rac1 and cdc42 activity and a significant increase in Rho activity. We found that MAP1B interacted with Tiam1, a guanosine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1. The decrease in Rac1/cdc42 activity was paralleled by decreases in the phosphorylation of the downstream effectors of these proteins, such as LIMK-1 and cofilin. The expression of a constitutively active form of Rac1, cdc42, or Tiam1 rescued the axon growth defect of MAP1B-deficient neurons. Taken together, these observations define a new and crucial function of MAP1B that we show to be required for efficient cross-talk between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton during neuronal polarization.
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Axônios/enzimologia , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Fatores de Despolimerização de Actina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Axônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Axônios/metabolismo , Citocalasina D/farmacologia , Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/metabolismo , Cinética , Quinases Lim/metabolismo , Camundongos , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/deficiência , Modelos Biológicos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 1 Indutora de Invasão e Metástase de Linfoma de Células T , Proteína cdc42 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismoRESUMO
Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is the first microtubule-associated protein to be expressed during nervous system development. MAP1B belongs to a large family of proteins that contribute to the stabilization and/or enhancement of microtubule polymerization. These functions are related to the control of the dynamic properties of microtubules. The C-terminal domain of the neuronal alpha-tubulin isotype is characterized by the presence of an acidic polypeptide, with the last amino acid being tyrosine. This tyrosine residue may be enzymatically removed from the protein by an unknown carboxypeptidase activity. Subsequently, the tyrosine residue is again incorporated into this tubulin by another enzyme, tubulin tyrosine ligase, to yield tyrosinated tubulin. Because neurons lacking MAP1B have a reduced proportion of tyrosinated microtubules, we analyzed the possible interaction between MAP1B and tubulin tyrosine ligase. Our results show that these proteins indeed interact and that the interaction is not affected by MAP1B phosphorylation. Additionally, neurons lacking MAP1B, when exposed to drugs that reversibly depolymerize microtubules, do not fully recover tyrosinated microtubules upon drug removal. These results suggest that MAP1B regulates tyrosination of alpha-tubulin in neuronal microtubules. This regulation may be important for general processes involved in nervous system development such as axonal guidance and neuronal migration.
Assuntos
Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Peptídeo Sintases/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Tirosina/metabolismo , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/citologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/embriologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Feminino , Cones de Crescimento/metabolismo , Cones de Crescimento/ultraestrutura , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Microtúbulos/ultraestrutura , Neurônios/ultraestrutura , Peptídeo Sintases/genética , Fosforilação , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/fisiologia , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/fisiologiaRESUMO
Changes in signal transduction are implicated in neuronal responses to the Alzheimer's amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta), which include neurotransmitter systems and pathways involved in the maintenance of the nervous system. We report here that a new bifunctional compound IBU-PO, which combines a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (Ibuprofen) and a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor (Octyl-Pyridostigmine), is neuroprotective against Abeta-neurotoxicity, and its activity is associated to Wnt signaling components in rat hippocampal and mouse cortical neurons. IBU-PO (0.01-1 microM) inhibits glycogen-synthase-kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and stabilizes cytoplasmic beta-catenin reverting the silencing of the Wnt pathway caused by Abeta-toxicity and GSK-3beta overexpression. In addition, IBU-PO enhances, dose-dependently, the non-amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage by increasing secreted APP and decreasing endogenous Abeta1-40 in rat hippocampal neurons.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inibidores , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Compostos de Piridínio/farmacologia , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/efeitos dos fármacos , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Células Cultivadas , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Composição de Medicamentos , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/genética , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Ibuprofeno/farmacologia , Ibuprofeno/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Compostos de Piridínio/uso terapêutico , Brometo de Piridostigmina/farmacologia , Brometo de Piridostigmina/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Transativadores/efeitos dos fármacos , Transativadores/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt , beta CateninaRESUMO
Amyloid-beta-peptide (Abeta) deposits are one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease. Signal transduction alterations are implicate in the neuronal responses to Abeta, which include neurotransmitter systems and pathways involved in the maintenance of the nervous system. In this context, we have recently found that Abeta-neurotoxicity triggers a loss of Wnt signaling. We report here that M1-acetylcholine-muscarinic-receptor (mAChR) activation protects neurons from Abeta-toxicity. Concomitant with this effect, a modulation of the Wnt signaling was observed. M1 mAChR activation inhibits glycogen-synthase-kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) activity, stabilizes cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin, and induces the expression of the Wnt target genes engrailed and cyclin-D1, reverting the switch off of the Wnt pathway caused by Abeta-toxicity. Neurons from mice that overexpress GSK-3beta allow us to establish that M1 mAChR stimulation leads to GSK-3beta inactivation. We conclude that the cross-talk between the muscarinic signaling and Wnt components underlie the neuroprotective effect of the M1 mAChR activation.
Assuntos
Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/intoxicação , Citoproteção , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/intoxicação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Receptor Muscarínico M1/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Embrião de Mamíferos , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Hipocampo/citologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transativadores/antagonistas & inibidores , Transativadores/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt , beta CateninaRESUMO
Refinery wastewaters may contain aromatic compounds and high concentrations of sulfide and ammonium which must be removed before discharging into water bodies. In this work, biological denitrification was used to eliminate carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in an anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor of 1.3 L and a hydraulic retention time of 2 d. Acetate and nitrate at a C/N ratio of 1.45 were fed at loading rates of 0.29 kg C/m3 d and 0.2 kg N/m3 d, respectively. Under steady-state denitrifying conditions, the carbon and nitrogen removal efficiencies were higher than 90%. Also, under these conditions, sulfide (S(2-)) was fed to the reactor at several sulfide loading rates (0.042-0.294 kg S(2-)/m3 d). The high nitrate removal efficiency of the denitrification process was maintained along the whole process, whereas the carbon removal was 65% even at sulfide loading rates of 0.294 kg S(2-)/m3 d. The sulfide removal increased up to approximately 99% via partial oxidation to insoluble elemental sulfur (S0) that accumulated inside the reactor. These results indicated that denitrification is a feasible process for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur from effluents of the petroleum industry.
Assuntos
Carbono/isolamento & purificação , Nitritos/química , Nitrogênio/isolamento & purificação , Enxofre/isolamento & purificação , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Acetatos/química , Bactérias Anaeróbias/metabolismo , Biomassa , Reatores Biológicos , Carbono/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos/química , Nitratos/química , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Petróleo , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química , Sulfetos/química , Enxofre/metabolismoRESUMO
La presencia de estrés oxidativo es la característica más temprana de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), lo cual proporciona un atractivo objetivo para intervenciones terapéuticas. Entre los mayores retos que se presentan actualmente están el establecimiento de la fuente de estrés oxidativo y la determinación de cómo este proceso puede influir en la etiología de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer. Este es un tema complejo, pues varios procesos, enzimáticos y no-enzimáticos, están implicados en la formación de oxígeno reactivo y otras moléculas tóxicas. En este artículo discutimos el progreso en el entendimiento de estos procesos.