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The widespread presence of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) in groundwater poses substantial risks to human health on a global scale. These elements have been identified as the most prevalent geogenic contaminants in groundwater in northern Mexico. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the human health and ecological risks associated with the content of As and F- in the Meoqui-Delicias aquifer, which is in one of Mexico's most emblematic irrigation districts. Concentrations of As and F- were measured in 38 groundwater samples using ICP-MS and ion chromatography, respectively. Overall, these elements showed a similar trend across the aquifer, revealing a positive correlation between them and pH. The concentration of As and F- in the groundwater ranged from 5.3 µg/L to 303 µg/L and from 0.5 mg/L to 8.8 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the levels of As and F- surpassed the established national standards for safe drinking water in 92% and 97% of samples, respectively. Given that groundwater is used for both agricultural purposes and human activities, this study also assessed the associated human health and ecological risks posed by these elements using Monte Carlo simulation and Species Sensitivity Distribution. The findings disclosed a significant noncarcinogenic health risk associated with exposure to As and F-, as well as an unacceptable carcinogenic health risk to As through water consumption for both adults and children. Furthermore, a high ecological risk to aquatic species was identified for F- and high to medium risks for As in the sampling sites. Therefore, the findings in this study provide valuable information for Mexican authorities and international organizations (e.g., WHO) about the adverse effects that any exposure without treatment to groundwater from this region represents for human health.

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BACKGROUND: Real-world studies about the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab (VDZ) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America are scarce. Our study describes the effectiveness and safety of VDZ in Colombian patients with IBD. METHODS: EXVEDOCOL (EXperience of VEDOlizumab in COLombia) was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study. Adults with IBD receiving a first dose of VDZ between July 2016 and October 2018 were included. The co-primary outcomes clinical response, and remission, were determined at week 14 and last visit during the maintenance phase (LVMP). The secondary outcomes, deep remission and loss of response were recorded at LVMP. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (25 ulcerative colitis (UC), 6 Crohn's disease (CD)) were included. At week 14, clinical response was achieved by 87.1% (27/31) of the patients treated with VDZ, while loss of response was reported in 6.7% (2/30). The remission rate at week 14 was 65.5% (19/29) and 75.9% (22/29) at LVMP. Prior anti-TNF exposure was reported in 61.3% (19 patients) of whom 84.2% (16/19) achieved clinical response at week 14 and 89.5% (17/19) at LVMP. For anti-TNF naïve patients, clinical response was recorded in 91.7% (11/12) at week 14 and 100% (12/12) at LVMP. CONCLUSIONS: High clinical remission rates and safety profile highlight VDZ as a valuable treatment option for IBD patients. Anti-TNF naïve patients may derive greater benefit from therapy. Studies with larger cohorts could confirm these findings.

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Introducción. La enfermedad de Parkinson es considerada la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa que más genera discapacidad motora y neuropsiquiátrica; es un trastorno de causa multifactorial cuyo síntoma cardinal es la bradicinesia, seguida de temblor, rigidez e inestabilidad postural, síntomas que impactan la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida del pacien- te. Estudios epidemiológicos muestran que la prevalencia del Parkinson en Colombia es de 4,7 afectados por cada 1.000 personas mayores de 50 años, por lo que es necesario cuantificar el compromiso y las necesidades de atención de estos pacientes. Objetivos. Hacer una caracterización funcional y de la calidad de vida de 60 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, entre noviembre de 2015 y junio de 2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con componente analítico realizado en 60 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se aplicó el cuestionario de calidad de vida PDQ-39 y la escala de funcionalidad para pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson MDS- UPDRS. Resultados. El promedio de edad de la muestra fue 67 años, con un rango entre 40 y 84 años, y el 55% eran hombres. El mayor deterioro se evidenció en los dominios de movilidad, activi- dades de la vida diaria, cognición y molestias corporales. Conclusiones. La muestra examinada evidenció un compromiso moderado en la calidad de vida, en los dominios de movilidad y las actividades de la vida diaria. En el aspecto funcional, clínicamente se encontró un compromiso motor en los aspectos de bradicinesia, marcha y rigidez.

Introduction. Parkinson's disease is considered the second neurodegenerative disease that most generates motor and neuropsychiatric disability; it is a multifactorial disorder whose cardinal symptom is bradykinesia, followed by tremor, rigidity and postural instability, symptoms that impact the functionality and quality of life of the patient. Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Colombia is 4.7 affected per 1,000 people over 50 years of age, so it is necessary to quantify the commitment and care needs of these patients. Objectives. To make a functional and quality of life characterization of 60 patients with Parkinson's disease attended in a third level hospital in Bogotá D.C., Colombia, between November 2015 and June 2016. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study with analytical component conducted in 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The PDQ-39 quality of life questionnaire and the functionality scale for patients with Parkinson's disease MDS- UPDRS were applied. Results. The average age of the sample was 67 years, with a range between 40 and 84 years, and 55% were men. The greatest impairment was evidenced in the domains of mobility, activities of daily living, cognition and body discomfort. Conclusions. The sample examined showed moderate compromise in quality of life, in the mobility domains and activities of daily living. In the functional aspect, clinically, motor compromise was found in the aspects of bradykinesia, gait and rigidity.

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Resumen La enfermedad cardiovascular es un trastorno que se desarrolla de manera progresiva a lo largo del proceso vital, y que con la aparición de los síntomas ya está instaurada incluso en estadios avanzados, asociada a discapacidad y pérdida de funcionalidad. La enfermedad cardiovascular está directamente relacionada con diferentes factores de riesgo modificables, como tabaquismo, dieta elevada en grasas saturadas, estrés, obesidad, diabetes mellitus y sedentarismo. Dedicaremos especial interés a la importancia del ejercicio y de la actividad física en la prevención primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular y de sus beneficios. De igual manera, el ejercicio tiene importantes beneficios en la prevención del cáncer como enfermedad crónica, que se describirán en este artículo.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is a disorder that develops progressively throughout life, and when symptoms appear the disease is already deeply established and in some cases already in advanced stages, associated with disability and loss of functionality. Cardiovascular disease is directly related to different modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, diets high in saturated fat, stress, obesity, diabetes mellitus and sedentary lifestyle. We will devote special interest to the importance of exercise and physical activity in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and its benefits. Similarly, exercise has important benefits in preventing cancer as a chronic disease, which will also be described in this article.

Resumo A doença cardiovascular é um transtorno que se desenvolve de maneira progressiva ao longo do processo vital, e que com o aparecimento dos sintomas já está instaurada inclusive em estágios avançados, associada à deficiência e à perda de funcionalidade. A doença cardiovascular está diretamente relacionada com diferentes fatores de risco modificáveis, como tabaquismo, dieta elevada em gorduras saturadas, estresse, obesidade, diabetes mellitus e sedentarismo. Dedicaremos especial interesse à importância do exercício e da atividade física na prevenção primária da doença cardiovascular e de seus benefícios. Do mesmo modo, o exercício tem importantes benefícios na prevenção do câncer como doença crónica que são descritos neste artigo.

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