RESUMO
Background: Exercise training during the dialytical procedure may have positive cardiovascular effects and prevent or revert muscle wasting in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Aim: To evaluate the effects of an exercise training program in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Material and Methods: Fifteen patients on chronic hemodialysis aged 21 to 69 years (three females) were included in the study. Nine of these were included in an exercise training program. During 16 weeks, exercise sessions were carried out during each dialytical procedure that included a warm-up period, aerobic exercises done using standing cycles, and resistance exercises, performed using Thera-Band® elastic bands and loops. Borg scale was used to control the intensity of training. At baseline and at the end of the study, a blood sample prior and after the dialytical procedure was obtained to measure C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6. Quadriceps muscle strength, six minutes´ walk and quality of life using the SF-36 questionnaire, were also measured. Results: Four experimental subjects did not complete the study period, two that withdrew before starting, one due to problems with the venous access and one that decided to withdraw after 1 month of training. Among the five patients that finished the training period, significant improvements in the six minutes´ walk and quadriceps strength were observed in the experimental group. No significant changes were observed among controls. No changes were observed in either group in C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 levels or quality of life. Conclusions: Among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis exercise training improves endurance and muscle strength.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Músculo Quadríceps/fisiologia , Diálise Renal , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exercise training during the dialytical procedure may have positive cardiovascular effects and prevent or revert muscle wasting in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. AIM: To evaluate the effects of an exercise training program in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen patients on chronic hemodialysis aged 21 to 69 years (three females) were included in the study. Nine of these were included in an exercise training program. During 16 weeks, exercise sessions were carried out during each dialytical procedure that included a warm-up period, aerobic exercises done using standing cycles, and resistance exercises, performed using Thera-Band(®) elastic bands and loops. Borg scale was used to control the intensity of training. At baseline and at the end of the study, a blood sample prior and after the dialytical procedure was obtained to measure C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6. Quadriceps muscle strength, six minutes' walk and quality of life using the SF-36 questionnaire, were also measured. RESULTS: Four experimental subjects did not complete the study period, two that withdrew before starting, one due to problems with the venous access and one that decided to withdraw after 1 month of training. Among the five patients that finished the training period, significant improvements in the six minutes' walk and quadriceps strength were observed in the experimental group. No significant changes were observed among controls. No changes were observed in either group in C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 levels or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis exercise training improves endurance and muscle strength.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Músculo Quadríceps/fisiologia , Diálise Renal , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim was to assess the effects of resistance training and vitamin D supplementation on physical performance of healthy elderly subjects. Ninety-six subjects, aged 70 years or more with 25 OH vitamin D levels of 16 ng/ml or less, were randomized to a resistance training or control group. Trained and control groups were further randomized to receive in a double blind fashion, vitamin D 400 IU plus 800 mg of calcium per day or calcium alone. Subjects were followed for nine months. Serum 25 OH vitamin D increased from 12.4+/-2.2 to 25.8+/-6.5 ng/ml among subjects supplemented with vitamin D. Trained subjects had significant improvements in quadriceps muscle strength, the short physical performance test and timed up and go. The latter improved more in trained subjects supplemented with vitamin D. At the end of the follow up, gait speed was higher among subjects supplemented with vitamin (whether trained or not) than in non-supplemented subjects (838+/-147 and 768+/-127 m/12 min, respectively, p=0.02). Romberg ratio was lower among supplemented controls than non-supplemented trained subjects (128+/-40% and 144+/-37%, respectively, p=0.05). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation improved gait speed and body sway, and training improved muscle strength.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria/métodos , Constituição Corporal , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Marcha , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Aptidão Física , Estudos Prospectivos , Deficiência de Vitamina D/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Exercício Físico , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Caminhada , Suporte de CargaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Immune response is impaired in the elderly. Our aim was to study the effects of a special nutritional formula on the immune response and response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in elderly subjects. METHODS: Sixty healthy subjects aged > or = 70 years, with a Mini Mental score > or = 22 were studied. Half of the subjects received a special nutritional formula (in addition to the regular diet) providing, among other nutrients, 480 kcal, 31 g proteins, 120 IU vitamin E, 3.8 microg vitamin B12, 400 microg folic acid, 10(9) cfu Lactobacillus paracasei (NCC 2461), and 6 g of fructo-oligosaccharides. At 4 months of follow-up, subjects were vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcus. Lymphokine production by mononuclear cells (PBMC), lymphocyte subpopulations, and natural killer cell (NK) activity were measured at baseline and 4 months of follow-up (before vaccination). Antibodies against influenza and pneumococcal antigens and flu-stimulated production of interferon gamma and interleukin-2 by PBMC were measured at 4 and 6 months. Skin response to 7 recall antigens and body composition were assessed at baseline and at 4 and 12 months. All infections occurring during the study period were recorded. RESULTS: NK activity increased in supplemented subjects and decreased in nonsupplemented individuals. Interleukin-2 production by PBMC and the proportion of T cells with NK activity decreased in controls and did not change in supplemented subjects. Supplemented subjects reported less infections than nonsupplemented individuals (in 13% and 22% of scheduled visits, respectively; p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: This nutritional supplement increased innate immunity and protection against infections in elderly people.