RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar la percepción de los médicos internos residentes (MIR) de cardiología de España sobre el efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su formación y la adaptación realizada por sus servicios. MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal a través de una plataforma de encuesta digital con el objetivo de conocer la opinión individual de los MIR de cardiología sobre la influencia de la pandemia en su formación. Se realiza un análisis estadístico para determinar los factores que influyeron en la percepción de la formación afectada. RESULTADOS: Participó un total de 180 MIR de las 17 comunidades autónomas (CA). Los MIR de tercer año fueron los más afectados, junto con los que rotaban en imagen cardíaca. Los residentes de las CA con una prevalencia >5 casos/1,000 habitantes fueron los que mayor probabilidad tuvieron de ser desplazados de sus servicios. CONCLUSIONES: Según la opinión de los participantes, el efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su formación fue más negativa en los residentes de tercer año y los que rotaban en imagen cardíaca. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to analyze the perception of the Cardiology Fellows in Training (FIT) of Spain about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their academic training and to know the adaptative changes performed by their department. METHODS: A cross-sectional study performed through a digital survey platform for Cardiology FIT. Chi2 analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine the factors that influenced on the perception of an affected training. RESULTS: A total of 180 FIT from the 17 regions of Spain participated. Third year FIT and those rotating in cardiac imaging were the most affected with statistically significant difference. The residents of the regions with a prevalence of >5 cases/1,000 inhabitants were the most likely to be displaced from their departments. CONCLUSIONS: According to the opinion of the participants, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their academic training was more negative in third year FITs and those rotating in cardiac imaging.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Cardiologia , Cardiologia/educação , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Internato e Residência , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: During cardiology training, the cardiology fellow has to be trained in all things related to the indication, interpretation, and performing of nuclear cardiology studies using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between the adequacy of indications of myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT and the years of experience since the completion of cardiology training. METHOD: A descriptive, retrospective analysis was performed on a single-centre register, in which the indications (adequate or inadequate use) were recorded according to myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT guidelines, prescribed by cardiologists of a university hospital. RESULTS: A total of 950 gated-SPECT tests were analysed according to the appropriate or inadequate indication. The sample of study was distributed in quartiles (years) since the cardiologist finished the residency. Cardiologists with less than 10 years of clinical experience reported a higher proportion of gated-SPECT tests compared to the more experienced cardiologists (87.6 vs. 9.3%, P<.001). After adjusting for age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors, the multivariate analysis showed that, for each year of experience after completion of cardiology training, the probability of adequately indicating the test (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.29-1.38, P<.001) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The professional experience of the clinical cardiologist is the most important factor to perform an appropriate indication of gated-SPECT myocardial perfusion.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada por Emissão de Fóton Único de Sincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Cardiologistas/normas , Competência Clínica , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio/métodos , Idoso , Cardiologistas/educação , Cardiologia/educação , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Durante el período de formación, el residente de cardiología ha de entrenarse en todo lo relacionado con la indicación, la interpretación y realización de imágenes en cardiología nuclear que usan la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón simple (SPECT). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la adecuación de las indicaciones del gated-SPECT de perfusión miocárdica y los años de experiencia desde la finalización de la residencia de cardiología. Método: Registro descriptivo, retrospectivo y unicéntrico, en el que se analizaron las indicaciones (uso adecuado e inadecuado), según las guías de la gated-SPECT de perfusión miocárdica, prescritas por cardiólogos de un hospital universitario. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 950 pruebas de gated-SPECT de acuerdo a la indicación adecuada e inadecuada y se distribuyeron por cuartiles los años de finalización de la residencia del cardiólogo prescriptor. Los cardiólogos de menos de 10 años de experiencia clínica indican de forma inadecuada una mayor proporción de pruebas de gated-SPECT que los cardiólogos de mayor experiencia (87,6 vs. 9,3%: p < 0,001). Tras ajustar por edad, sexo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular, el análisis multivariante mostró que por cada año de experiencia tras finalizar la residencia de cardiología aumenta un 33% la probabilidad de indicar de forma adecuada la prueba (OR: 1,33; IC 95%: 1,29-1,38; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La experiencia profesional del cardiólogo clínico es el factor más importante para realizar una indicación adecuada de la gated-SPECT de perfusión miocárdica.
Abstract Objective: During cardiology training, the cardiology fellow has to be trained in all things related to the indication, interpretation, and performing of nuclear cardiology studies using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between the adequacy of indications of myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT and the years of experience since the completion of cardiology training. Method: A descriptive, retrospective analysis was performed on a single-centre register, in which the indications (adequate or inadequate use) were recorded according to myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT guidelines, prescribed by cardiologists of a university hospital. Results: A total of 950 gated-SPECT tests were analysed according to the appropriate or inade- quate indication. The sample of study was distributed in quartiles (years) since the cardiologist finished the residency. Cardiologists with less than 10 years of clinical experience reported a higher proportion of gated-SPECT tests compared to the more experienced cardiologists (87.6 vs. 9.3%, P < .001). After adjusting for age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors, the multiva- riate analysis showed that, for each year of experience after completion of cardiology training, the probability of adequately indicating the test (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.29-1.38, P < .001) was statistically significant. Conclusions: The professional experience of the clinical cardiologist is the most important factor to perform an appropriate indication of gated-SPECT myocardial perfusion.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Competência Clínica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Emissão de Fóton Único de Sincronização Cardíaca , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio/métodos , Cardiologistas/normas , Cardiologia/educação , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Cardiologistas/educação , Hospitais UniversitáriosRESUMO
Introducción La presencia de diferentes grupos de riesgo en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST) lleva a la búsqueda de nuevas herramientas para realizar un diagnóstico y estratificación pronóstica precoces. Así, se ha mostrado que el intervalo QT corregido prolongado es un marcador independiente de riesgo en el SCASEST con cambios isquémicos agudos o sin ellos, no obstante, existen pocos datos sobre su relación con otras variables de reconocido valor pronóstico como las troponinas cardíacas. Objetivo Evaluar la correlación entre el intervalo QT corregido prolongado y la troponina T cardíaca. Material y métodos Se incluyeron prospectivamente 106 pacientes. Se midió el intervalo QT corregido en el ECG de ingreso y a las 6, 12, 18, 24 y 48 horas. El punto de corte con mejor sensibilidad y especificidad para predecir eventos clínicos mayores fue de = 0,458 seg. Se efectuó la determinación de troponina T cardíaca y se consideró positivo el valor = 0,04 ng/ml. Los eventos clínicos mayores observados hasta los 30 días del alta fueron muerte de causa cardíaca, infarto de miocardio no mortal y angina recurrente, que constituyeron el punto final combinado. Se dividió a los pacientes en dos grupos según la presencia (grupo A) o la ausencia (grupo B) de estos eventos. Se correlacionaron los valores del intervalo QT corregido de admisión y máximo con los de troponina T cardíaca de cada grupo. Se aplicó análisis multivariado de regresión logística para identificar predictores independientes de eventos clínicos mayores. Resultados El coeficiente de correlación del intervalo QT corregido máximo con la troponina T cardíaca fue de 0,38 (p<0,001), y el intervalo QT corregido máximo = 0,458 seg tuvo valor pronóstico independiente para eventos clínicos mayores OR=4,1 (IC 95% 1,7-11,2); p=0,002; y valor predictivo negativo del 80,8%. Conclusiones En pacientes con SCASEST, el intervalo QT corregido máximo se correlacionó con los niveles de troponina y fue predictor independiente de riesgo.
Background Presence of different risk groups in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), indicate the need for new tools to perform early diagnosis and prognostic stratification. Thus, it has been shown that the corrected QT interval prolongation is an independent risk marker in NSTE-ACS with or without acute ischemic changes. However, there is scarce information about its relationship with other variables of known prognostic value, such as cardiac troponins. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between the corrected QT interval prolongation and cardiac Troponin T in NSTE-ACS. Methods This prospective study included 106 patients admitted with NSTE-ACS. The corrected QT interval was measured on the admission ECG and at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h. The cut-off point with best sensitivity and specificity to predict major clinical events was = 0.458 sec. Cardiac Troponin T = 0.04 ng/ml was considered positive. The composite endpoint of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and recurrent angina were the major clinical events up to 30 days after discharge. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence (group A) or absence (group B) of these events. Corrected QT interval on admission and maximum corrected QT interval were correlated with cardiac Troponin T in each group. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors of major clinical events. Results The correlation coefficient between cardiac Troponin T and maximum corrected QT interval was 0.38 (p <0.001) and maximum corrected QT = 0.458 sec was an independent predictor of major clinical events OR=4.1 (IC 95% 1.7-11.2) p=0.002; with a negative predictive value of 80.8%. Conclusions Maximum corrected QT interval correlated with cardiac Troponin T values and was an independent predictor of risk in patients with NSTE-ACS.
RESUMO
Introducción La presencia de diferentes grupos de riesgo en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST) lleva a la búsqueda de nuevas herramientas para realizar un diagnóstico y estratificación pronóstica precoces. Así, se ha mostrado que el intervalo QT corregido prolongado es un marcador independiente de riesgo en el SCASEST con cambios isquémicos agudos o sin ellos, no obstante, existen pocos datos sobre su relación con otras variables de reconocido valor pronóstico como las troponinas cardíacas. Objetivo Evaluar la correlación entre el intervalo QT corregido prolongado y la troponina T cardíaca. Material y métodos Se incluyeron prospectivamente 106 pacientes. Se midió el intervalo QT corregido en el ECG de ingreso y a las 6, 12, 18, 24 y 48 horas. El punto de corte con mejor sensibilidad y especificidad para predecir eventos clínicos mayores fue de = 0,458 seg. Se efectuó la determinación de troponina T cardíaca y se consideró positivo el valor = 0,04 ng/ml. Los eventos clínicos mayores observados hasta los 30 días del alta fueron muerte de causa cardíaca, infarto de miocardio no mortal y angina recurrente, que constituyeron el punto final combinado. Se dividió a los pacientes en dos grupos según la presencia (grupo A) o la ausencia (grupo B) de estos eventos. Se correlacionaron los valores del intervalo QT corregido de admisión y máximo con los de troponina T cardíaca de cada grupo. Se aplicó análisis multivariado de regresión logística para identificar predictores independientes de eventos clínicos mayores. Resultados El coeficiente de correlación del intervalo QT corregido máximo con la troponina T cardíaca fue de 0,38 (p<0,001), y el intervalo QT corregido máximo = 0,458 seg tuvo valor pronóstico independiente para eventos clínicos mayores OR=4,1 (IC 95% 1,7-11,2); p=0,002; y valor predictivo negativo del 80,8%. Conclusiones En pacientes con SCASEST, el intervalo QT corregido máximo se correlacionó con los niveles de troponina y fue predictor independiente de riesgo.(AU)
Background Presence of different risk groups in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), indicate the need for new tools to perform early diagnosis and prognostic stratification. Thus, it has been shown that the corrected QT interval prolongation is an independent risk marker in NSTE-ACS with or without acute ischemic changes. However, there is scarce information about its relationship with other variables of known prognostic value, such as cardiac troponins. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between the corrected QT interval prolongation and cardiac Troponin T in NSTE-ACS. Methods This prospective study included 106 patients admitted with NSTE-ACS. The corrected QT interval was measured on the admission ECG and at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h. The cut-off point with best sensitivity and specificity to predict major clinical events was = 0.458 sec. Cardiac Troponin T = 0.04 ng/ml was considered positive. The composite endpoint of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and recurrent angina were the major clinical events up to 30 days after discharge. Patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence (group A) or absence (group B) of these events. Corrected QT interval on admission and maximum corrected QT interval were correlated with cardiac Troponin T in each group. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors of major clinical events. Results The correlation coefficient between cardiac Troponin T and maximum corrected QT interval was 0.38 (p <0.001) and maximum corrected QT = 0.458 sec was an independent predictor of major clinical events OR=4.1 (IC 95% 1.7-11.2) p=0.002; with a negative predictive value of 80.8%. Conclusions Maximum corrected QT interval correlated with cardiac Troponin T values and was an independent predictor of risk in patients with NSTE-ACS.(AU)
RESUMO
Single coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare congenital coronary anomaly. We report the case of a 77- year- old man who was referred for invasive coronary angiography with a diagnosis of a non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome of inferior-lateral location. Significant lesion was detected in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). During the procedure, it was impossible to catheterize the left coronary ostium, being the left anterior descending filled from the RCA. Given the suspicion of agenesis of the left main, 64-multidetector computed tomography was performed which confirmed the existence of a solitary coronary ostium with a single artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Seio Aórtico/anormalidades , Seio Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
La arteria coronaria única con origen en el seno de Valsalva derecho es una anomalía coronaria congénita poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 77 años remitido para coronariografía invasiva con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST de localización ínfero-lateral. En el estudio se demostró enfermedad significativa en el tercio proximal de la coronaria derecha. Durante el procedimiento no se logró cateterizar el ostium de la coronaria izquierda que aparentemente se rellenaba desde la coronaria derecha. Ante la sospecha de un origen anómalo de la misma, se realizó coronariografía no invasiva mediante tomografía multicorte de 64 cortes que confirmó la existencia de una arteria coronaria única con origen en el seno de Valsalva derecho.
Single coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare congenital coronary anomaly. We report the case of a 77- year- old man who was referred for invasive coronary angiography with a diagnosis of a non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome of inferior-lateral location. Significant lesion was detected in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). During the procedure, it was impossible to catheterize the left coronary ostium, being the left anterior descending filled from the RCA. Given the suspicion of agenesis of the left main, 64-multidetector computed tomography was performed which confirmed the existence of a solitary coronary ostium with a single artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva.
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Anormalidades Múltiplas , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Seio Aórtico/anormalidades , Seio AórticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recently we reported that prolongation of the corrected QT (CTc) interval is an independent risk factor in patients with unstable angina and acute ischemic changes. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of this variable in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome who do not exhibit acute ischemic changes on admission ECG. METHODS: The study included 55 patients with this syndrome. On admission, a standard 12-lead ECG was recorded, the cardiac troponin-T was measured and a TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) risk score was calculated. The primary endpoint was the combination of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous or surgical revascularization, and cardiac death up to 30 days after discharge. Two independent investigators measured the QT interval manually and the corrected value was derived using Bazett's formula. In the statistical analysis, the following cut-off points were used: the median TIMI risk score, a cardiac troponin-T level of 0.04 ng/mL, and a QTc of 0.458 s. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients (38%) who reached the primary endpoint, 17 (81%) had QTc prolongation. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that QTc prolongation was an independent predictor of the combined endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that QTc prolongation is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome but without acute ischemic changes on admission ECG.