RESUMO
Two yeast species, Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. and Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov., in the family Rhynchogastremataceae of the Tremellales are proposed. The two species are related to six species of the genus Papiliotrema: Papiliotrema aureus, P. flavescens, P. terrestris, P. baii, P. ruineniae and P. wisconsinensis. The novel species are proposed on the basis of the sequence-based phylogenetic species concept with analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A total of 16 strains of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. were obtained from freshwater and bromeliad leaves collected in Brazil. Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. differs by 11, 12, 16, 14, 11 and 13 substitutions in the D1/D2 domain from the related species P. aureus, P. flavescens, P. terrestris, P. baii, P. ruineniae and P. wisconsinensis, respectively. Differences of 11 substitutions and 21 or more substitutions in ITS regions were found when the sequences of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. were compared with P. wisconsinensis and its closest relatives. The type strain of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y374T (=CBS 13918T). Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. is represented by two strains isolated from a flower of Miconia sp. and a water sample in Brazil. Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. differs from the related species P. aureus and P. ruineniae by eight substitutions, from P. flavescens and P. terrestris by 11 substitutions, from P. baii by 10 substitutions and from P. wisconsinensis by 6 substitutions in the D1/D2 domain, and by 7 substitutions from P. wisconsinensis and more than 19 substitutions in the ITS region from its closest relatives. The type strain of Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. is CBS 8358T (ML 3666T=DBVPG-4492T). The MycoBank numbers for Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. and Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. are MB 813594 and MB 814882, respectively.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Melastomataceae/microbiologia , Filogenia , Basidiomycota/genética , Basidiomycota/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Flores/microbiologia , Genes de RNAr , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Aflatoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. The effect of S. schoenii and S. crataegensis in the production of aflatoxin B1 and G1 in peanuts, cultivar IAC Caiapó was investigated. Previously autoclaved and in nature peanuts samples were inoculated with A. parasiticus (1.6 x 106 spores.mL-1) and yeast cultures (1.6 x 108 cells.mL-1), followed by incubation at 25oC for seven days. Two experiments were carried out: for the first one, the filamentous fungi and the yeast suspensions were inoculated simultaneously. In the second experiment, the filamentous fungi were inoculated 3 h after yeasts inoculation. Aflatoxin quantification was performed by thin layer chromatography. The production of B1 and G1 aflatoxin was reduced in the presence of the yeasts. The percentage of reduction in aflatoxin concentration was higher when the filamentous fungus was inoculated3 h after adding yeast suspension. The reduction of B1 aflatoxin concentration came to 89.3% and 82.6%, in the presence of S. schoenii and S. crataegensis, respectively. The G1 aflatoxin levels were reduced in91.2% in the presence of S. schoenii and 93.2% in the presence of S. crataegensis.
As aflatoxinas constituem o grupo de metabólitos secundários produzidos principalmente pelos Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus e A. nomius. Foi investigado o efeito isolado das leveduras Saccharomycopsis schoenii e S. crataegensis na produção de aflatoxinas B1 e G1 em amendoim, cultivar IAC Caiapó. As amostras de amendoim in natura e previamente autoclavadas foram inoculadas com A. parasiticus (1,6 x106 esporos.mL-1) e cultura das leveduras (1,6 x 108 células.mL-1), seguido de incubação a 25ºC durante sete dias. Foram realizados dois experimentos: no primeiro o fungo filamentoso e as leveduras foram inoculados simultaneamente. No segundo, a levedura foi inoculada 3 h antes da adição de fungo filamentoso. A quantificação das aflatoxinas foi executada por cromatografia em camada delgada. A produção das aflatoxinas B1 e G1 foi reduzida na presença das leveduras. A porcentagem de redução da concentração das aflatoxinas foi maior quando a suspensão do fungo foi adicionada 3 h após a inoculação da suspensão de leveduras. O decréscimo da concentração de aflatoxina B1 atingiu 89,3% e 82,6%, respectivamente na presença de S.schoenii e de S. crataegensis. Os níveis de aflatoxina G1 foram reduzidos em 91,2% na presença de S. schoenii e em 93,2% quando S. crataegensis foi inoculada.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to report the frequency of intramammary infections by yeasts, in Minas Gerais State, from milk samples (n = 1710) collected in 40 dairy herds. Fifty six yeast strains of the genus Candida and one strain of Trichosporon loubieri were isolated. Candida albicans was the dominant species (28.1% of the strains), followed by Candida parapsilosis (19.3%), Candida catenulata (14.0%), Candida glabrata (14.0%), Candida tropicalis (8.8%). Mixed infections were detected in 29.8% of yeast-positive cows. The yeast infection was more frequent (84%) in cows with subclinical mastitis. The low rate of isolation of yeasts suggests that these microorganisms are not relevant to bovine mastitis in the studied region.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a freqüência de infecções intramamárias ocasionadas por leveduras a partir de amostras de leite (n=1710) coletadas em 40 rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de Minas Gerais. Cinqüenta e seis estirpes de leveduras do gênero Candida e uma linhagem de Trichosporon loubieri foram isoladas. Candida albicans foi a espécie dominante (28,1% das cepas), seguida por Candida parapsilosis (19,3%), Candida catenulata (14,0%), Candida glabrata (14,0%) e Candida tropicalis (8,8%). Infecções mistas foram detectadas em 29,8% das vacas levedura-positivas. Amostras positivas para leveduras foram predominantemente obtidas (84%) de vacas com mastite subclínica. A baixa taxa de isolamento de leveduras sugere que estes microrganismos não são relevantes para mastite bovina na região estudada.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to report the frequency of intramammary infections by yeasts, in Minas Gerais State, from milk samples (n = 1710) collected in 40 dairy herds. Fifty six yeast strains of the genus Candida and one strain of Trichosporon loubieri were isolated. Candida albicans was the dominant species (28.1% of the strains), followed by Candida parapsilosis (19.3%), Candida catenulata (14.0%), Candida glabrata (14.0%), Candida tropicalis (8.8%). Mixed infections were detected in 29.8% of yeast-positive cows. The yeast infection was more frequent (84%) in cows with subclinical mastitis. The low rate of isolation of yeasts suggests that these microorganisms are not relevant to bovine mastitis in the studied region.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a freqüência de infecções intramamárias ocasionadas por leveduras a partir de amostras de leite (n=1710) coletadas em 40 rebanhos leiteiros do Estado de Minas Gerais. Cinqüenta e seis estirpes de leveduras do gênero Candida e uma linhagem de Trichosporon loubieri foram isoladas. Candida albicans foi a espécie dominante (28,1% das cepas), seguida por Candida parapsilosis (19,3%), Candida catenulata (14,0%), Candida glabrata (14,0%) e Candida tropicalis (8,8%). Infecções mistas foram detectadas em 29,8% das vacas levedura-positivas. Amostras positivas para leveduras foram predominantemente obtidas (84%) de vacas com mastite subclínica. A baixa taxa de isolamento de leveduras sugere que estes microrganismos não são relevantes para mastite bovina na região estudada.