RESUMO

Research focused on female gamete vitrification has increased attention to develop a reliable cryopreservation method to preserve immature equine oocytes. Despite the intensive implementation of biotechnological procedures for horse breeding, vitrification of immature equine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) remain to be clearly elucidated. We aimed to determine the relative transcript level of target genes Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15); Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX); and Caspase 3 (CASP3) in equine COCs prior to and after vitrification. Ovarian follicles were aspirated from ovaries collected from an abattoir. A total of 240 COCs were collected and distributed into vitrified COCs (VIT, n=120) and nonvitrified (Non-VIT, n=120) groups. Then, COCs were preserved and relative transcript expressions of BMP15, BAX, CASP3 were measured and normalized against GAPDH performed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 38 COCs were evaluated to assess chromatin configuration of germinal vesicl e stage prior and after vitrification by exposure to 10 µg/ml of bisbenzimide. A difference was observed in the COCs' mRNA level of abundance for the BAX gene between the VIT (2.05 ± 0.47) and (0.85 ± 0.08) Non-VIT groups. There was no difference in mRNA relative transcript level of CASP3 and BMP15 in Non-VIT (0.63 ± 0.20 and 1.55 ± 0.73, respectively) compared to VIT (0.64 ± 0.01 and 2.84 ± 2.20, respectively) equine COCs. All COCs where considered at immature stage of development even though COCs in Non-VIT group showed higher condensed chromatin configuration compared to VIT (100% vs 60.7%, respectively). We demonstrate that BMP15 and CASP3 are detected in VIT and Non-VIT immature COCs. In conclusion, BAX is expressed highly in vitrified immature equine COCs and indicates that activation of apoptosis signaling cascades in cells exposed to vitrification.(AU)

Pesquisas sobre a vitrificação de gametas femininos estão sendo realizadas para o desenvolvimento de um método confiável de criopreservação dos complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) na espécie equina. Apesar da implementação intensiva de biotecnologias reprodutivas em equinos, a vitrificação dos CCOs imaturos permanece em estágio experimental em relação à competência celular. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o nível de transcrição relativo dos genes Proteína morfogenética óssea 15 (BMP15); Proteína X associada a Bcl-2 (BAX); e Caspase 3 (CASP3) em CCOs equinos antes e após a vitrificação. Folículos ovarianos foram aspirados de ovários coletados em matadouro. O total de 240 CCOs foi coletado e distribuído em grupos vitrificados (VIT, n=120) e não vitrificados (N-VIT, n=120). Os CCOs foram preservados e as expressões transcritas relativas de BMP15, BAX, CASP3 foram determinadas pela técnica de qRT-PCR sendo normalizadas em relação ao GAPDH. Além disso, 38 CCOs foram avaliados para determinar a configuração da cromatina no estágio de vesícula germinativa antes e após a vitrificação pela exposição a 10 µg/ml de bisbenzimida. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença no nível de abundância de mRNA dos CCOs para o gene BAX entre os grupos VIT (2,05 ± 0,47) e N-VIT (0,85 ± 0,08). Não houve diferença no nível de transcrição relativa do mRNA de CASP3 e BMP15 nos CCOs do grupo N-VIT (0,63 ± 0,20 e 1,55 ± 0,73, respectivamente) em comparação com VIT (0,64 ± 0,01 e 2,84 ± 2,20, respectivamente). Todos os CCOs foram considerados em estágio imaturo de desenvolvimento, embora os CCOs no grupo N-VIT apresentaram a configuração de cromatina condensada em maior número de células avaliadas em comparação com VIT (100% vs 60,7%, respectivamente). Demonstramos que BMP15 e CASP3 são detectados em CCOs imaturos em VIT e N-VIT. Conclui-se que o BAX é altamente expresso em CCOs equinos imaturos vitrificados sendo relacionado à sinalização de apoptose em células expostas ao processo de vitrificação.(AU)

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RESUMO

Field collection of oocytes in mares using transvaginal follicular aspiration (TVA) for embryo production has the potential to revolutionate the equine industry. Protocols for TVA in specialized laboratory settings have been described in the scientific literature since the early 1980s. The objective of this study was to determine the success rate of TVA oocytes recovery under ambulatory conditions. A secondary goal of this study was to determine if TVA is associated with any health complications when performed by recently trained practitioners in the field. Follicles (n = 296) from 66 adult clinically healthy mares were aspirated over a period of 6 days. TVAs were performed by 22 veterinarians with 5-20 years of experience in equine and bovine reproductive medicine, but no previous experience in TVA. Oocytes (n = 145) were recovered. No short- or long-term systemic or local complications were observed following TVA in any of the mares used in this study. Fifty-six out of 66 mares became pregnant within 3 months following TVA. This study shows that with proper training, TVA can be successfully used to obtain equine oocytes with no health complications under field conditions in nonspecialized laboratory settings.

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