RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intradialytic oral nutrition (ION) has been shown to improve many clinical outcomes, including lowering mortality, in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Despite the benefits, ION is underused in many countries. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to determine the perception of health-care professionals (HCP) in our environment of the use of ION in patients undergoing HD. METHODS: Survey applied to HCP in Mexico who worked or had worked in an HD unit in their locality. RESULTS: From 272 HCP who answered the survey, 74.3% believed that the use of ION has at least one beneficial effect; of these, the most frequently mentioned were an improvement in quality of life (QoL) (54.7%) followed by an improvement in serum albumin (37.9%) and muscle anabolism (31.6%). However, 49% consider that its use involves some risks. Of the respondents, 22% reported that their HD units allowed patients to consume food or supplements during HD sessions; the main reason given to forbid the introduction of food or supplements was the clinic's policy (41%). CONCLUSIONS: The personnel surveyed heterogeneous opinions regarding ION, but most believe that it may improve the QoL or the nutritional status of the patients. Nevertheless, the use of ION is uncommon in our country as it is against the internal regulations of most HD units.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional , Diálise Renal/métodos , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , México , Qualidade de Vida , Albumina Sérica/análise , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Abstract Background Intradialytic oral nutrition (ION) has been shown to improve many clinical outcomes, including lowering mortality, in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Despite the benefits, ION is underused in many countries. Objective The objective of our study was to determine the perception of health-care professionals (HCP) in our environment of the use of ION in patients undergoing HD. Methods Survey applied to HCP in Mexico who worked or had worked in an HD unit in their locality. Results From 272 HCP who answered the survey, 74.3% believed that the use of ION has at least one beneficial effect; of these, the most frequently mentioned were an improvement in quality of life (QoL) (54.7%) followed by an improvement in serum albumin (37.9%) and muscle anabolism (31.6%). However, 49% consider that its use involves some risks. Of the respondents, 22% reported that their HD units allowed patients to consume food or supplements during HD sessions; the main reason given to forbid the introduction of food or supplements was the clinics policy (41%). Conclusions The personnel surveyed heterogeneous opinions regarding ION, but most believe that it may improve the QoL or the nutritional status of the patients. Nevertheless, the use of ION is uncommon in our country as it is against the internal regulations of most HD units.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Estado Nutricional , Diálise Renal/métodos , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Qualidade de Vida , Albumina Sérica/análise , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , MéxicoRESUMO
Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and are associated with nutritional risks resulting from low food intake. Little is known about the relationship between GIS and malnutrition in geriatric patients with ESRD. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and severity of GIS in geriatric patients on dialysis therapy. Clinically-stable geriatric patients (older than 60 years old) who were dialysis outpatients were included in this cross-sectional study. The severity of GIS was assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire (GSQ, short version), with patients classified into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Nutritional status was evaluated with the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS), anthropometric assessment, biochemical parameters, and bioelectrical impedance. Descriptive statistics were used and differences between groups were analyzed with ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis, with a p < 0.05 considered to indicate significance. Fifty patients completed the study; the median age was 67 years old. Twenty-three patients were on hemodialysis (HD) and 27 were on peritoneal dialysis (PD). No significant differences were found according to dialysis modality, presence of diabetes, or gender. Ninety percent of patients had at least one GIS. Poorer nutritional status (evaluated by MIS) was related to a higher severity of GIS. There were no significant differences with other nutritional parameters. Our study showed a high prevalence of GIS in geriatric patients. There were no differences in observed GIS values that were attributed to dialysis modality, gender, or presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Severe GIS values were associated with poorer nutritional status determined by MIS, however, there was no association with anthropometry, biochemical values, or bioimpedance vector analysis.
Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Diálise Renal , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: No universally accepted diagnostic criteria for malnutrition are available to date. The aim was to assess the concordance for the diagnosis of hospital malnutrition between the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and the new definition of malnutrition proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). METHODS: A total of 140 adult hospitalized patients were included. The malnutrition risk was assessed by the Nutritional Risk Screening. The ESPEN malnutrition criteria (body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, weight loss (WL) + low BMI, and WL + low fat free mass index (FFMI) were applied to each patient. The bioelectrical impedance of each patient was measured, and malnutrition was diagnosed using the BIVA method. Diagnostic concordance between the BIVA and the new ESPEN definition was assessed with the Kappa coefficient. RESULTS: The malnutrition prevalence was higher with the BIVA vs ESPEN definition (22.1% vs 13.6%) in the global population and was similar (12.8% vs 12.1%) in the population at risk of malnutrition. The diagnostic performance of the BIVA was acceptable, with higher sensitivity in patients with fluid overload (FO) and more specificity in euvolemic patients. Diagnostic concordance between the BIVA and the ESPEN definition was poor for the global population (kappa = 0.56) and the population at risk of malnutrition (kappa = 0.67) but was acceptable in patients with FO (kappa = 0.78). However, the discordant BIVA+/ESPEN- patients classified as false positives for BIVA showed clinical and body composition data (low FFMI, low phase angle) consistent with malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: According to the clinical and bioelectrical characteristics of the discordant BIVA+/ESPEN- patients, the BIVA could perform better that the new ESPEN definition for the diagnosis of hospital malnutrition, which should be confirmed with other studies.
Assuntos
Hospitalização , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Avaliação Nutricional , Terminologia como Assunto , Idoso , Impedância Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Estado Nutricional , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To construct bivariate tolerance ellipses from impedance values normalized for height, which can be used in Mexican population for the assessment of body composition and compare them with others made in different populations. METHODS: Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in 439 subjects (204 men and 235 women), 18 to 82 years old, with a BMI between 18-31, using an impedanciometer Quadscan 4000. Resistance, reactance and phase angle were used to calculate bioelectrical impedance vectors and construct bivariate tolerance ellipses. RESULTS: Mean age in men was 47.1 +/- 16 years and 42.4 +/- 13 for women, mean weight (73.4 + 9 vs. 60.1 + 8 kg) and height (1.68 vs. 1.55 m) were significant greater in men than in women (p < 0.002). Women in comparison with men, had greater values of impedance (622.96 +/- 66.16 S2 vs. 523.59 +/- 56.56 D) and resistance (618.96 +/- 66.10 Q 61.97 vs. 521.73 +/- 61.97 2), as well as of resistance and reactance standardized by height (398.24 +/-46.30 S2/m vs. 308.66 +/- 38.44) (44.32 +/- 7.14 i/m vs. 39.75 +/-6.29) respectively, with a significant difference in all of them (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the reactance was greater in females, nevertheless this difference did not reach statistical significance (68.96 +/- 11.17 vs. 67.18 +/- 10.3; p = 0.0861). The phase angle was greater in men than in women, with a statistically significant difference (7.330 +/- 0.88 vs. 6.360 +/- 0.97; p < 0.0001). Bivariate tolerance ellipses (50%, 75% and 95%) derived from Mexican subjects showed a significant upward deviation (p < 0.05) from previously published references from Mexican American and Italian populations. New ellipses of tolerance were therefore constructed for the Mexican population. CONCLUSIONS: Bioimpedance vectors in Mexican subjects are significantly different from the existing ones, supporting the need of population specific bivariate tolerance ellipses for the evaluation of body composition.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Impedância Elétrica , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estatura , Água Corporal , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Objective. To construct bivariate tolerance ellipses from impedance values normalized for height, which can be used in Mexican population for the assessment of body composition and compare them with others made in different populations. Methods. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in 439 subjects (204 men and 235 women), 18 to 82 years old, with a BMI between 18-31, using an impedanciometer Quadscan 4000. Resistance, reactance and phase angle were used to calculate bioelectrical impedance vectors and construct bivariate tolerance ellipses. Results. Mean age in men was 47.1 ± 16 years and 42.4 ± 13 for women, mean weight (73.4 ± 9 vs. 60.1 ± 8 kg) and height (1.68 vs. 1.55 m) were significant greater in men than in women (p < 0.002). Women in comparison with men, had greater values of impedance (622.96 ± 66.16 Ω vs. 523.59 ± 56.56 Ω) and resistance (618.96 ± 66.10 Ω 61.97 vs. 521.73 ± 61.97Ω), as well as of resistance and reactance standardized by height (398.24 ± 46.30 Ω/m vs. 308.66 ± 38.44) (44.32 ± 7.14 Ω/m vs. 39.75 ± 6.29) respectively, with a significant difference in all of them (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the reactance was greater in females, nevertheless this difference did not reach statistical significance (68.96 ± 11.17 vs. 67.18 ± 10.3; p = 0.0861). The phase angle was greater in men than in women, with a statistically significant difference (7.33° ± 0.88 vs. 6.36° ± 0.97; p < 0.0001). Bivariate tolerance ellipses (50%, 75% y 95%) derived from Mexican subjects showed a significant upward deviation (p < 0.05) from previously published references from Mexican American and Italian populations. New ellipses of tolerance were therefore constructed for the Mexican population. Conclusions. Bioimpedance vectors in Mexican subjects are significantly different from the existing ones, supporting the need of population specific bivariate tolerance ellipses for the evaluation of body composition.
Objetivo. Realizar intervalos bivariados (elipses) de tolerancia a partir de las variables de impedancia estandarizadas por la estatura, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas en la población mexicana para determinar la composición corporal y comparar dichas elipses con las de otras elipses realizadas en otras poblaciones. Material y métodos. Se evaluó la composición corporal por impedancia bioeléctrica (IBE) en 439 sujetos (204 hombres y 235 mujeres), de 18 a 82 años de edad, con un IMC entre 18-31, utilizando un impedanciómetro Quadscan 4000. A partir de las mediciones de resistencia, reactancia y ángulo de fase se obtuvieron vectores de impedancia bioeléctrica para realizar elipses de tolerancia. Resultados. La edad promedio de los hombres fue de 47.1 ± 16 años y 42.4 ± 13 para las mujeres, el peso promedio (73.4 ± 9 vs. 60.1 ± 8) y la estatura (1.68 vs. 1.55 m) fueron significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres (p < 0.002). Las mujeres en comparación con los hombres, presentaron valores mayores de impedancia (622.96 ± 66.16 Ω vs. 523.59 ± 56.56 Ω) y resistencia (618.96 ± 66.10 Ω vs. 521.73 ± 61.97 Ω), así como de resistencia y reactancia estandarizadas por la estatura (398.24 ± 46.30 Ω/m vs. 308.66 ± 38.44 Ω/m) (44.32 ± 7.14 Ω/m vs. 39.75 ± 6.29 Ω/m), respectivamente, presentando en todas éstas una diferencia significativa (p < 0.0001). De igual manera, la reactancia fue mayor en el grupo femenino; sin embargo, esta diferencia no alcanzó significancia estadística (68.96 ± 11.17 vs. 67.18 ± 10.3; p = 0.0861). El ángulo de fase fue mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (7.33° ± 0.88 vs. 6.36° ± 0.97; p < 0.0001). Las elipses de tolerancia (50%, 75% y 95%) elaboradas en población italiana sana fueron probadas para la población mexicana, encontrando que éstas tienden a situarse en el extremo superior de las elipses de poblaciones mexicoamericanas e italianas de referencia con una diferencia significativa p < 0.05, por lo que se realizaron nuevas elipses de tolerancia para población mexicana. Conclusiones. Los vectores de la población mexicana fueron significativamente diferentes al ser comparados con las existentes, apoyando la necesidad de realizar elipses de tolerancia específicas para cada población para la evaluación de la composición corporal.