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In this study, several methods were employed to investigate the electrical characteristics of ß-Ag2MoO4 systems, both Eu-doped and undoped, synthesized using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The focus extended to understanding how synthesis time influences material defects, with doping fixed at 1%. A systematic shift in the silver vacancy (VAg) concentration was observed within the doped ß-Ag2MoO4 system. Specifically, this study demonstrated that the incorporation of Eu3+ into polycrystalline ß-Ag2MoO4 initially increases the VAg concentration. However, as the synthesis time progresses, the VAg concentration decreases, resulting in alterations in the resulting electrical properties, arising from the intricate interplay between the number of grain boundaries and carrier density. By combining information obtained from photoluminescence, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy, a comprehensive conduction mechanism was formulated, shedding light on both doped and undoped ß-Ag2MoO4 systems.

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Here, we present the synthesis of a highly efficient V-doped α-Ag2WO4 catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones, exhibiting a high degree of tolerance towards various sensitive functional groups. Remarkably, the catalysts with 0.01% V-doping content exhibited outstanding selectivity towards the oxidation process. Scavenger experiments indicated the direct involvement of electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs, hydroxyl radical (˙OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2) in the catalytic mechanism. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the higher activity of the V-doped α-Ag2WO4 samples was associated with the preferential formation of the (100) surface in the catalyst morphology.

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Silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4), silver molybdate (ß-Ag2MoO4), and silver vanadate (α-AgVO3) microcrystals have shown interesting antimicrobial properties. However, their biocompatibility is not yet fully understood. Cytotoxicity and the inflammatory response of silver-containing microcrystals were analyzed in THP-1 and THP-1 differentiated as macrophage-like cells, with the alamarBlue™ assay, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and ELISA. The present investigation also evaluated redox signaling and the production of cytokines (TNFα, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8 and -9). The results showed that α-AgVO3 (3.9 µg/mL) did not affect cell viability (p > 0.05). α-Ag2WO4 (7.81 µg/mL), ß-Ag2MoO4 (15.62 µg/mL), and α-AgVO3 (15.62 µg/mL) slightly decreased cell viability (p ≤ 0.003). All silver-containing microcrystals induced the production of O2 - and this effect was mitigated by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenger and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1ß were not detected in THP-1 cells, while their production was either lower (p ≤ 0.0321) or similar to the control group (p ≥ 0.1048) for macrophage-like cells. The production of IL-8 by both cellular phenotypes was similar to the control group (p ≥ 0.3570). The release of MMP-8 was not detected in any condition in THP-1 cells. Although MMP-9 was released by THP-1 cells exposed to α-AgVO3 (3.9 µg/mL), no significant difference was found with control (p = 0.7). Regarding macrophage-like cells, the release of MMP-8 and -9 decreased in the presence of all microcrystals (p ≤ 0.010). Overall, the present work shows a promising biocompatibility profile of, α-Ag2WO4, ß-Ag2MoO4, and α-AgVO3 microcrystals.

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Environmentally friendly methods for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis without the use of hazardous chemicals have recently drawn attention. In this work, AgNPs have been synthesized by microwave irradiation using only honey solutions or aqueous fresh pink radish extracts. The concentrations of honey, radish extract, AgNO3 and pH were varied. AgNPs presented mean sizes between 7.0 and 12.8 nm and were stable up to 120 days. The AgNPs were employed as co-catalyst (TiO2 @AgNPs) to increase the hydrogen photogeneration under UV-vis and only visible light irradiation, when compared to pristine TiO2 NPs. The prepared photocatalyst also showed hydrogen generation under visible light. Additionally, AgNPs were used to assemble a nanoplasmonic biosensor for the biodetection of extremely low concentrations of streptavidin, owing to its specific binding to biotin. It is shown here that green AgNPs are versatile nanomaterials, thus being potential candidates for hydrogen photogeneration and biosensing applications.

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The influence of black carbon nanoparticles on J774.A1 murine cells was investigated with the objective of exploring the cytotoxicity of black carbon functionalized with ethylenediamine CB-EDA. The results showed that CB-EDA has a cytotoxic profile for J774.A1 macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner. When phagocytosed by the macrophage, CB-EDA triggers a mechanism that leads to apoptosis. In this process, there is an increase in oxidative stress pathways due to the activation of nitric oxide and then ROS. This causes an imbalance in redox function and a disruption of membrane integrity that occurs due to high levels of LDH, in addition to favoring the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in an attempt to modulate the cell. However, these stimuli are not sufficient to repair the cell and the level of mitochondrial integrity is affected, causing a decrease in cell viability. This mechanism may be correlated with the activation of the caspasse-3 pathway, which, when compromised, cleaves and induces cells death via apoptosis, either through early or late apoptosis. In view of this, the potential for cell damage was investigated by analyzing the oxidative and inflammatory profile in the macrophage lineage J774.A1 and identifying potential mechanisms and metabolic pathways connected to these processes when cells were exposed to NP CB-EDA for both 24 h and 48 h.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented global healthcare emergency, demanding the urgent development of effective materials to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This research was planned to disclose the remarkable biocidal activity of SiO2-Ag composites incorporated into low-density polyethylene. For this purpose, a joint experimental and theoretical [based on first-principles calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level] study is performed. Biological assays showed that this material eliminatesStaphylococcus aureusand SARS-CoV-2 virus in just 2 min. Here, we investigate a previously unexplored process that we postulate may occur along the O2 and H2O adsorption and activation processes of pure and defective SiO2-Ag surfaces for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The obtained results help us to predict the nature of ROS: superoxide anion radicals, •O2-, hydroxyl radicals, •OH, and hydroperoxyl radicals, •HO2, that destroy and degrade the structure of the SARS-COV-2 virus. This is consistent with the DFT studies, where the energetic, electronic, and magnetic properties of the intermediates show a feasible formation of ROS. Present findings are expected to provide new insights into the relationship among the structure, property, and biocidal activity of semiconductor/metal SiO2-Ag composites.

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Size and morphology control during the synthesis of materials requires a molecular-level understanding of how the addition of surface ligands regulates nucleation and growth. In this work, this control is achieved by using three carboxylic acids (tartaric, benzoic, and citric) during sonochemical syntheses. The presence of carboxylic acids affects the kinetics of the nucleation process, alters the growth rate, and governs the size and morphology. Samples synthesized with citric acid revealed excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation process of Rhodamine B, and recyclability experiments demonstrate that it retains 91% of its photocatalytic activity after four recycles. Scavenger experiments indicate that both the hydroxyl radical and the hole are key species for the success of the transformation. A reaction pathway is proposed that involves a series of dissolution-hydration-dehydration and precipitation processes, mediated by the complexation of Ag+. We believe these studies contribute to a fundamental understanding of the crystallization process and provide guidance as to how carboxylic acids can influence the synthesis of materials with controlled size and morphology, which is promising for multiple other scientific fields, such as sensor and catalysis fields.

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OBJECTIVES: This study proposes a new surgical alternative for the most common deformity in the ears, the so-called "protruding/prominent ears", which is a condition that affects 5% of the Caucasian population (Goulart et al. in Rev Bras Cir Plast 26:602-607, 2011). This technique comes with the benefits of reduced surgical time, shallow learning curve, and a low revision rate. METHODS: We studied a total of 213 patients with an indication for otoplasty from January 2020 to January 2021. Women made up 65% of the study population, while men made up 35%, with an average age of 21 years, the youngest being 7 years of age. The technique presented here corrects all the deformities that cause protruding ears and can be performed together with other ear surgeries, such as surgical treatment of macrotia and lobuloplasty. All surgeries were performed in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia and sedation. RESULTS: All surgeries followed a performance-optimized protocol, with an average total surgical time of 45 min for a bilateral approach. Revision surgery was needed in 2% of cases, with the most frequent complaint being asymmetry in the upper third of the ears. The complication rate was approximately 7.5%, with 1 case of hematoma, 1 case of mild infection, 2 cases of altered ear sensitivity, 3 cases of keloid scar formation, 6 cases of asymmetry in the upper third of the ears, and 3 cases of irregularities or spikes in the antihelix cartilage. Patient satisfaction was measured using the McDowell/Wright Objectives and Outcome Index (McDowell in Plast Reconstr Surg 41:17-27). CONCLUSION: The proposed performance technique is a viable alternative to optimize the surgical time of otoplasty in an outpatient setting. This technique can be performed together with other corrective ear surgeries, has a shallow learning curve, and has a low revision rate. LEVEL IV: Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies.

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Purpose: Nanoparticles are resources of advanced nanotechnology being present in several products. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are among the five most widely used NP currently expanding their benefits from the oil industry to the areas of diagnostic medicine due to their properties and small size. However, its impact on human health is still controversial in the literature. We aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new titanium NP functionalized with sodium carboxylic ligand (COOH-Na+) in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human fibroblasts (HDFn). Methods: The physical-chemical characterization was performed by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential techniques, respectively. MTT and LDH assays were used to assess cytotoxicity and cell membrane damage respectively, ELISA to identify the inflammatory profile and, reactive oxygen species assay and cytometry to detect reactive oxygen species and their relationship with apoptosis/necrosis mechanisms. Results: The results demonstrated a decrease in cell viability at the highest concentrations tested for both cell lines, but no change in LDH release was detected for the HaCaT. The cell membrane damage was found only at 100.0 µg/mL for the HDFn. It was demonstrated that cytotoxicity in the highest concentrations evaluated for both cell lines for the 72 h period. The HDFn showed damage to the cell membrane at a concentration of 100 µg/mL followed by a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production. No inflammatory profile was detected. The HaCaT showed apoptosis when exposed to the highest concentration evaluated and HDFn showed both apoptosis and necrosis for the same concentration. Conclusion: Thus, it is possible to conclude that the cytotoxicity mechanism differs according to the cell type evaluated, with HDFn being the most sensitive line in this case, and this mechanism can be defined in a dose and time dependent manner, since the highest concentrations also triggered death cell.

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Fungal infections have become a major concern in the medical community, especially those caused by Candida spp. Within this species, Candida albicans stands out for being an opportunistic commensal fungus that can cause superficial and invasive infections. Current antifungal therapy involves the local and/or systemic use of drugs such as azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. These antifungals are based on highly specific target sites, and the development of resistance may occur with changes in the enzymatic pathways that serve as the drug targets. Thus, the development of new antifungal drugs is highly recommended to prevent drug resistance. The present investigation evaluated the antifungal activity of silver-containing microcrystals such as silver vanadate (α-AgVO3), silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4), and silver molybdate (ß-Ag2MoO4). In addition to having antimicrobial activity, such compounds should not cause damage to underlying tissues. Thus, to better assess the biocompatibility of new compounds, a new three-dimensional (3D) coculture model involving three cell lines was developed. The validation of the model was based on fluorescent markers and confocal laser microscopy. The biocompatibility of silver-containing microcrystals was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. 3D coculture was infected with C. albicans biofilm and challenged with α-AgVO3, α-Ag2WO4, and ß-Ag2MoO4. The action of microcrystals on C. albicans biofilm was evaluated by colony-forming units (CFU/ml) and LIVE/DEAD staining. In addition, production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was measured by cytometric bead array kit using flow cytometry. The 3D coculture model described here proved to be adequate to assess both the biocompatibility of the new materials and the infectious processes. Regarding the biocompatibility of the microcrystals, only α-AgVO3 (15.62 µg/ml) showed a decrease in cell viability. The antibiofilm activity of α-Ag2WO4 was similar to that of the standard drug (fluconazole). Although α-Ag2WO4 was able to induce the production of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1ß, no differences in cytokine production were observed between noninfected and infected models treated with this microcrystal. ß-Ag2MoO4 inhibits the production of TNF-α in the infected model; however, it showed no antibiofilm activity. Based on the biocompatibility and antifungal findings, α-Ag2WO4 is a promising material for treating C. albicans infection.

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Among the species of plants present in the Atlantic Forest, the jussara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) stands out for the contents of bioactive compounds present in its composition. Fermentation processes can be essential in converting bioproducts and bioactive compounds, improving their biological properties. In addition, the improvement of procedures for the maintenance of the features of bioactive compounds has been a research focus in recent years, and the nanotechnology features that can potentially solve this issue have been highlighted among the most reviewed paths. The present work focused on tailoring nanostructures applying polyethylene oxide, assembling fermented jussara pulp nanofibers, and assessing their characteristics. The results revealed the formation of fermented jussara nanofibers with a diameter of 101.2 ± 26.2 nm. Also, the obtained results allow us to state that it is possible to maintain or even increase the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins and their metabolites after fermentation processes.

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The extensive use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in cosmetics, food, personal care products, and industries brought concerns about their possible harmful effects. Nowadays it has become important to assess TiO2 NPs toxic effects as a way to understand their primary risks. In the cellular environment, after cell uptake, TiO2 NPs were described to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, unbalance oxidative state, and activate apoptosis in several cell lines. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a new TiO2 NP surface-functionalized with sodium carboxylic ligands in a murine fibroblast cell line (LA-9). TEM and DLS analyses were performed to define nanoparticle physicochemical characteristics. We evaluated the metabolic activity and LDH released after 24 h exposition to determine cytotoxic effects. Also, we evaluated DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis induction after 24 h exposure. The TiO2 NP impaired the cell membrane integrity at 1000 µg/mL, induced intracellular ROS production and late apoptosis at 24 h. The genotoxic effects were observed at all conditions tested at 24 h. Indeed, in fibroblasts exposed at 100 µg/mL was observed early apoptosis cells. The intracellular ROS content was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, short-term exposure to TiO2 NP promoted cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and activated apoptosis pathways based on the potential role of oxygen species in the fibroblasts cell line.

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The current unprecedented coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is increasingly demanding advanced materials and new technologies to protect us and inactivate SARS-CoV-2. In this research work, we report the manufacture of Ag3PO4 (AP)/polypropylene (PP) composites using a simple method and also reveal their long-term anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. This composite shows superior antibacterial (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and antifungal activity (against Candida albicans), thus having potential for a variety of technological applications. The as-manufactured materials were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, AFM, UV-vis spectroscopy, rheology, SEM, and contact angle to confirm their structural integrity. Based on the results of first-principles calculations at the density functional level, a plausible reaction mechanism for the initial events associated with the generation of both hydroxyl radical •OH and superoxide radical anion •O2- in the most reactive (110) surface of AP was proposed. AP/PP composites proved to be an attractive avenue to provide human beings with a broad spectrum of biocide activity.

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The search for new nanomaterials has brought to the multifactorial industry several opportunities for use and applications for existing materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), for example, present excellent properties which allow us to assume a series of applications, however there is concern in the industrial scope about possible adverse health effects related to constant exposure for inhalation or direct skin contact. Thus, using cell models is the fastest and safest way to assess the effects of a new material. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic profile in LA9 murine fibroblast lineage, of a new multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) that was functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to obtain better physical-chemical characteristics for industrial use. The modifications presented in the CNT cause concern, as they can change its initial characteristics, making this nanomaterial harmful. HR-TEM, FE-SEM and zeta potential were used for the characterization. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests, oxidative and nitrosative stress analyzes and inflammatory cytokine assay (TNF-α) were performed. The main findings demonstrated a reduction in cell viability, increased release of intracellular ROS, accompanied by an increase in TNF-α, indicating an important inflammatory profile. Confirmation of the data was performed by flow cytometry and ImageXpress with apoptosis/necrosis markers. These data provide initial evidence that OCNT-TEPA has a cytotoxic profile dependent on the concentration of LA9 fibroblasts, since there was an increase in free radicals, inflammation induction and cell death, suggesting that continuous exposure to this nanoparticle can cause damage to different tissues in the organism.

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COVID-19, as the cause of a global pandemic, has resulted in lockdowns all over the world since early 2020. Both theoretical and experimental efforts are being made to find an effective treatment to suppress the virus, constituting the forefront of current global safety concerns and a significant burden on global economies. The development of innovative materials able to prevent the transmission, spread, and entry of COVID-19 pathogens into the human body is currently in the spotlight. The synthesis of these materials is, therefore, gaining momentum, as methods providing nontoxic and environmentally friendly procedures are in high demand. Here, a highly virucidal material constructed from SiO2-Ag composite immobilized in a polymeric matrix (ethyl vinyl acetate) is presented. The experimental results indicated that the as-fabricated samples exhibited high antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as towards SARS-CoV-2. Based on the present results and radical scavenger experiments, we propose a possible mechanism to explain the enhancement of the biocidal activity. In the presence of O2 and H2O, the plasmon-assisted surface mechanism is the major reaction channel generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). We believe that the present strategy based on the plasmonic effect would be a significant contribution to the design and preparation of efficient biocidal materials. This fundamental research is a precedent for the design and application of adequate technology to the next-generation of antiviral surfaces to combat SARS-CoV-2.

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Jussara pulp (Euterpe edulis Mart.) is rich in bioactive compounds known to be protective mediators against several diseases. In this context, nevertheless, anthocyanins, the most abundant natural pigment in jussara, are sensitive to temperature, pH, oxygen, and light conditions, leading to instability during food storage or digestion, and, thus jeopardizing the antioxidant proprieties retained by these flavonoids and limiting industrial application of the pulp. The production of nanostructures, from synthetic and natural polymers, containing natural matrices rich in bioactive compounds, has been widely studied, providing satisfactory results in the conservation and maintenance of the stability of these compounds. The current work aimed to compare uniaxial and coaxial electrospinning operation modes to produce core-shell jussara pulp nanofibers (NFs). Additionally, the parameters employed in the electrospinning processes were optimize using response surface methodology in an attempt to solve stability issues for the bioactive compounds. The best experimental conditions provided NFs with diameters ranging between 110.0 ± 47 and 121.1 ± 54 nm. Moreover, the coaxial setup improved jussara pulp NF formation, while further allowing greater integrity of NFs structures.

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An alarming fact was revealed by recent publications concerning disinfectants: chlorhexidine digluconate is ineffective for disinfecting surfaces contaminated by the new coronavirus. This is a finding that requires immediate disclosure since this substance is widely used for the disinfection of hands and forearms of surgeons and auxiliaries and in the antisepsis of patients in minimally invasive procedures commonly performed in hospital environments. The objective of this study is to compare the different disinfectants used for disinfection on several surfaces, in a review of worldwide works. Scientific studies were researched in the BVS (Virtual Health Library), PubMed, Medline, and ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency) databases. The following agents were studied: alcohol 62-71%, hydrogen peroxide 0.5%, sodium hypochlorite 0.1%, benzalkonium chloride 0.05-0.2%, povidone-iodine 10%, and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.02%, on metal, aluminum, wood, paper, glass, plastic, PVC, silicone, latex (gloves), disposable gowns, ceramic, and Teflon surfaces. Studies have shown that chlorhexidine digluconate is ineffective for inactivating some coronavirus subtypes, suggesting that it is also ineffective to the new coronavirus.

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Novel magnetic metals and metal oxides that use both the spin and charge of an electron offer exciting technological applications. Their discovery could boost research on functional nanoscale materials. Here, for the first time, we report the magnetization of α-Ag2WO4 under electron beam and femtosecond laser irradiation. The formation and growth of silver oxides (AgO, Ag2O, and Ag3O4) and Ag nanofilaments can be observed on the surface of α-Ag2WO4 crystals. These features were also present in the composition of an extruded material and could open new avenues for surface magnetism studies. In order to understand these results, we used first-principles density functional theory calculations. This allowed us to investigate several potential scenarios for controlling magnetic properties. The effect of electron addition on the crystalline structures of α-Ag2WO4, Ag3O4, Ag2O, and AgO has been analyzed in detail. The creation of Ag and O vacancies on these compounds was also analyzed. Based on structural and electronic changes at the local coordination site of Ag, a mechanism was proposed. The mechanism illustrates the processes responsible for the formation and growth of metallic Ag and the magnetic response to electron beam irradiation.

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Present theoretical and experimental work provides an in-depth understanding of the morphological, structural, electronic, and optical properties of hexagonal and monoclinic polymorphs of bismuth phosphate (BiPO4). Herein, we demonstrate how microwave irradiation induces the transformation of a hexagonal phase to a monoclinic phase in a short period of time and, thus, the photocatalytic performance of BiPO4. To complement and rationalize the experimental results, first-principles calculations have been performed within the framework of density functional theory. This was aimed at obtaining the geometric, energetic, and structural parameters as well as vibrational frequencies; further, the electronic properties (band structure diagram and density of states) of the bulk and corresponding surfaces of both the hexagonal and monoclinic phases of BiPO4 were also acquired. A detailed characterization of the low vibrational modes of both the hexagonal and monoclinic polymorphs is key to explaining the irreversible phase transformation from hexagonal to monoclinic. On the basis of the calculated values of the surface energies, a map of the available morphologies of both phases was obtained by using Wulff construction and compared to the observed scanning electron microscopy images. The BiPO4 crystals obtained after 16-32 min of microwave irradiation provided excellent photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible-light irradiation. This enhancement was found to be related to the surface energy and the types of clusters formed on the exposed surfaces of the morphology. These findings provide details of the hexagonal-to-monoclinic phase transition in BiPO4 during microwave irradiation; further, the results will assist in the design of electronic devices with higher efficiency and reliability.

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SUMMARY An alarming fact was revealed by recent publications concerning disinfectants: chlorhexidine digluconate is ineffective for disinfecting surfaces contaminated by the new coronavirus. This is a finding that requires immediate disclosure since this substance is widely used for the disinfection of hands and forearms of surgeons and auxiliaries and in the antisepsis of patients in minimally invasive procedures commonly performed in hospital environments. The objective of this study is to compare the different disinfectants used for disinfection on several surfaces, in a review of worldwide works. Scientific studies were researched in the BVS (Virtual Health Library), PubMed, Medline, and ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency) databases. The following agents were studied: alcohol 62-71%, hydrogen peroxide 0.5%, sodium hypochlorite 0.1%, benzalkonium chloride 0.05-0.2%, povidone-iodine 10%, and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.02%, on metal, aluminum, wood, paper, glass, plastic, PVC, silicone, latex (gloves), disposable gowns, ceramic, and Teflon surfaces. Studies have shown that chlorhexidine digluconate is ineffective for inactivating some coronavirus subtypes, suggesting that it is also ineffective to the new coronavirus.

RESUMO Um dado alarmante revelado por publicações a respeito dos agentes desinfetantes: o digluconato de clorexidina é ineficaz para desinfecção de superfícies contaminadas por coronavírus. Trata-se de uma constatação que reclama imediata divulgação, uma vez que essa substância é amplamente usada para degermação de mãos e antebraços dos cirurgiões e auxiliares e na antissepsia dos pacientes, em procedimentos minimamente invasivos, comumente em ambientes hospitalares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os diferentes desinfetantes usados para desinfecção em diversas superfícies em revisão de trabalhos mundiais. Foram pesquisados trabalhos científicos na BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), PubMed, Medline e Anvisa (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária). Foram estudados os seguintes agentes: álcool 62-71%, peróxido de hidrogênio 0,5%, hipoclorito de sódio 0,1%, cloreto de benzancônio 0,05-0,2%, iodo povidina 10% e digluconato de clorexidina 0,02%, em superfícies de metal, alumínio, madeira, papel, vidro, plástico, PVC, silicone, látex (luvas), avental descartável, cerâmica e teflon. Os estudos demonstraram que o digluconato de clorexidina é ineficaz para a inativação de alguns subtipos de coronavírus, sugerindo que também seja ineficaz contra o novo coronavírus.

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