RESUMO

Soil desertification poses a critical ecological challenge in arid and semiarid climates worldwide, leading to decreased soil productivity due to the disruption of essential microbial community processes. Fungi, as one of the most important soil microbial communities, play a crucial role in enhancing nutrient and water uptake by plants through mycorrhizal associations. However, the impact of overgrazing-induced desertification on fungal community structure, particularly in the Caatinga biome of semiarid regions, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the changes in both the total fungal community and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community (AMF) across 1. Natural vegetation (native), 2. Grazing exclusion (20 years) (restored), and 3. affected by overgrazing-induced degradation (degraded) scenarios. Our assessment, conducted during both the dry and rainy seasons in Irauçuba, Ceará, utilized Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene sequencing via Illumina® platform. Our findings highlighted the significant roles of the AMF families Glomeraceae (∼71% of the total sequences) and Acaulosporaceae (∼14% of the total sequences) as potential key taxa in mitigating climate change within dryland areas. Moreover, we identified the orders Pleosporales (∼35% of the total sequences) and Capnodiales (∼21% of the total sequences) as the most abundant soil fungal communities in the Caatinga biome. The structure of the total fungal community differed when comparing native and restored areas to degraded areas. Total fungal communities from native and restored areas clustered together, suggesting that grazing exclusion has the potential to improve soil properties and recover fungal community structure amid global climate change challenges.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study is the first to apply training impulse (TRIMP) and Training Monotony (TM) methodologies, within the realm of sport science, in animal model studies. Rats were divided into Sedentary (SED, n=10) and Training (TR, n=13). TR performed a four-week moderate-intensity interval training with load progression. Lactate kinetics, lactate training impulse (TRIMPLac), maximal speed training impulse (TRIMPSmax) and TM were utilized to develop and monitor training protocol. TR showed an 11.9% increase in time to exhaustion at the second maximum incremental test and a 17.5% increase at the third test. External work was increased by 17.8% at the second test and 30.3% at the third. There was a 10.6% increase in external work at the third test compared to the second for TR. No difference in TRIMPLac between the 1st week (94±9 A.U) and 3rdweek (83±10 A.U) were seen. TRIMPSmax was 2400 A.U. in the 1st week, 2760 A.U. in the 2nd and 3rd weeks, and 3120 A.U. in the 4th week. The TM remained at 1.24 A.U throughout the protocol and there was no dropouts. TRIMPLac and TRIMPSmax contributed to the development and monitoring loads, demonstrating their potential to improve the accuracy of training protocols in animal model research.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the postsurgical effects from 5 years on the palate after surgical repair of the lip at 3 or 9 months of age in children with cleft lip and palate. Eighty-four digitized dental impressions were divided into the following groups: group 1 (G1): lip surgery at 3 months of life; group 2 (G2): lip surgery at 9 months of life; group 3 (G3): without orofacial cleft. Five angular (C'IC, ICM, IC'M', CMM', and C'M'M) and 3 linear parameters (C-C', c-c', and M-M') were evaluated. Statistical analysis was applied with α=5%. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was significantly smaller in G1 than in G3 ( P =0.005), while IC'M' was significantly smaller in G3 than in G1 ( P <0.001). C'M'M was significantly smaller in G1 than in G2 and G3 ( P <0.001). The distances C-C' and c-c' were significantly smaller in G1 than in G2 and G3 ( P <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in both G1 and G2 ( P <0.001, in all) in the analysis of palatal symmetry. Linear regression analysis showed that the, 11.2% of outcomes determined by c-c' distance can be explained by the age of lip repair ( P =0.013). In conclusion, lip surgery at 3 months of life showed a tendency toward more restriction in 5-year postsurgery palate development. The age of cheiloplasty is one of the factors that can influence palatal development; however, other factors may be associated and should be studied.

Assuntos

RESUMO

An integrative approach combining genomics, transcriptomics, and cell biology is presented to address leaf scald disease, a major problem for the sugarcane industry. To gain insight into the biology of the causal agent, the complete genome sequences of four Brazilian Xanthomonas albilineans strains with differing virulence capabilities are presented and compared to the GPEPC73 reference strain and FJ1. Based on the aggressiveness index, different strains were compared: Xa04 and Xa11 are highly aggressive, Xa26 is intermediate, and Xa21 is the least, while, based on genome structure, Xa04 shares most of its genomic features with Xa26, and Xa11 share most of its genomic features with Xa21. In addition to presenting more clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) clusters, four more novel prophage insertions are present than the previously sequenced GPEPC73 and FJ1 strains. Incorporating the aggressiveness index and in vitro cell biology into these genome features indicates that disease establishment is not a result of a single determinant factor, as in most other Xanthomonas species. The Brazilian strains lack the previously described plasmids but present more prophage regions. In pairs, the most virulent and the least virulent share unique prophages. In vitro transcriptomics shed light on the 54 most highly expressed genes among the 4 strains compared to ribosomal proteins (RPs), of these, 3 outer membrane proteins. Finally, comparative albicidin inhibition rings and in vitro growth curves of the four strains also do not correlate with pathogenicity. In conclusion, the results disclose that leaf scald disease is not associated with a single shared characteristic between the most or the least pathogenic strains. IMPORTANCE An integrative approach is presented which combines genomics, transcriptomics, and cell biology to address leaf scald disease. The results presented here disclose that the disease is not associated with a single shared characteristic between the most pathogenic strains or a unique genomic pattern. Sequence data from four Brazilian strains are presented that differ in pathogenicity index: Xa04 and Xa11 are highly virulent, Xa26 is intermediate, and Xa21 is the least pathogenic strain, while, based on genome structure, Xa04 shares with Xa26, and Xa11 shares with X21 most of the genome features. Other than presenting more CRISPR clusters and prophages than the previously sequenced strains, the integration of aggressiveness and cell biology points out that disease establishment is not a result of a single determinant factor as in other xanthomonads.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease symptoms and clinical diagnoses in Sao Paulo city, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A total of 582 participants over 18 years old, living in the east zone of Sao Paulo city responded to a short questionnaire. Dry eye disease was on that is defined by the presence of severe symptoms or previous clinical diagnosis of dry eye disease by an ophthalmologist. The association between dry eye disease and possible risk factors was assessed. Results: Overall dry eye disease severe symptoms and/or clinical diagnoses prevalence was calculated as 24.4% for both sexes. Women presented a higher frequency of severe symptoms of dry eye disease (16.07%) than men (8.48%; p=0.0244), as well as the composite of severe symptoms or diagnosed dry eye disease, presented by 26.86% of women and 18.18% of men (p=0.0366). In women, ages between 55 to 75 years old were associated with dry eye disease severe symptoms (OR=3.11; 95%CI 1.56-6.23, p=0.001) and diagnosed dry eye disease (OR=2.02; 95% CI 1.04-3.93, p=0.037). Hypertension was significantly associated with dry eye disease symptoms (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.14-3.43, p=0.015) and diagnoses (OR=3.54; 95% CI 1.92-6.53, p=0.0001) in women. Eye drops use was associated with severe symptoms of dry eye disease and diagnosed dry eye disease in both women and men (p≤0.01). Conclusions: Dry eye disease prevalence in Sao Paulo city is higher in women than in men. Age and hypertension were stronger risk factors of dry eye disease for women, while eye drops use was a significant indicator of dry eye disease for both sexes.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para os sintomas e o diagnóstico clínico da doença do olho seco na cidade de São Paulo, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Quinhentos e oitenta e dois participantes acima de 18 anos, residentes na zona leste da cidade de São Paulo responderam a um questionário de três perguntas sobre olho seco. A doença do olho seco foi definida pela presença de sintomas severos ou diagnóstico clínico prévio de doença do olho seco por um oftalmologista. A associação entre doença do olho seco e possíveis fatores de risco foi avaliada. Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas graves da doença do olho seco e/ou diagnóstico clínico foi calculada em 24,4% para ambos os sexos. O sexo feminino apresentou uma frequência maior de sintomas severos da doença do olho seco (16,07%) que o sexo masculino (8,48%; p=0,0244), assim como a associação de sintomas severos ou diagnóstico de doença do olho seco, foi de 26,86% no sexo feminino e 18,18% no sexo masculino (p=0,0366). No sexo feminino, a faixa etária entre 55 e 75 anos de idade foi associada com sintomas severos da DOS (odds ratios (OR) = 3,11; IC 95% 1,56-6,23; p=0,001) e com doença do olho seco diagnosticada (OR=2,02; IC 95% 1,04-3,93; p=0,037). Hipertensão foi associado com sintomas da doença do olho seco (OR=1,98; IC 95% 1,14-3,43; p=0,015) e diagnóstico da doença do olho seco (OR=3,54; IC 95% 1,92-6,53; p=0,001) no sexo feminino. Uso de colírios foi associado a sintomas severos e diagnóstico da doença do olho seco em ambos os sexos (p≤0,01). Conclusão: A prevalência da doença do olho seco na cidade de São Paulo é mais frequente no sexo feminino que no masculino. Idade e hipertensão foram fatores de risco maiores para doença do olho seco no sexo feminino, enquanto uso de colírios foi um indicador de doença do olho seco para ambos os sexos.

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease symptoms and clinical diagnoses in Sao Paulo city, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 582 participants over 18 years old, living in the east zone of Sao Paulo city responded to a short questionnaire. Dry eye disease was on that is defined by the presence of severe symptoms or previous clinical diagnosis of dry eye disease by an ophthalmologist. The association between dry eye disease and possible risk factors was assessed. RESULTS: Overall dry eye disease severe symptoms and/or clinical diagnoses prevalence was calculated as 24.4% for both sexes. Women presented a higher frequency of severe symptoms of dry eye disease (16.07%) than men (8.48%; p=0.0244), as well as the composite of severe symptoms or diagnosed dry eye disease, presented by 26.86% of women and 18.18% of men (p=0.0366). In women, ages between 55 to 75 years old were associated with dry eye disease severe symptoms (OR=3.11; 95%CI 1.56-6.23, p=0.001) and diagnosed dry eye disease (OR=2.02; 95% CI 1.04-3.93, p=0.037). Hypertension was significantly associated with dry eye disease symptoms (OR=1.98; 95% CI 1.14-3.43, p=0.015) and diagnoses (OR=3.54; 95% CI 1.92-6.53, p=0.0001) in women. Eye drops use was associated with severe symptoms of dry eye disease and diagnosed dry eye disease in both women and men (p≤0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Dry eye disease prevalence in Sao Paulo city is higher in women than in men. Age and hypertension were stronger risk factors of dry eye disease for women, while eye drops use was a significant indicator of dry eye disease for both sexes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This work reports a classification analysis method based on the vibrational Raman spectra of 38 quinones and related structures, spectrally ordering and classifying the compounds. The molecular systems are relevant for chemical and biological processes, with applications in pharmacology, toxicology and medicine. The classification strategy uses a combination of principal component analysis with K-means clustering methods. Both theoretical simulations and experimental data are analysed, thus establishing their spectral characteristics, as related to their chemical structures and properties. The protocol introduced here should be broadly applicable in other molecular and solid state systems.

RESUMO

Spirulina is a filamentous microalga which is considered a promising alternative source of essential nutrients and active biomolecules. High production cost and the space required to install a photobioreactor are two of the greatest challenges in the industrial application of microalga-based products. Thus, this study aimed to improve Spirulina sp. LEB 18 biomass and phycocyanin content by combining the application of mixotrophic culture and magnetic fields (MF). Zarrouk medium was modified with 1 and 3 g/L liquid molasses and the application of 30 mT for 1·h/d was investigated. Mixotrophic culture with 1 g/L molasses showed the highest biomass concentration (1.62 g/L), carbohydrate content (25.6%), and lipid contents (8.7%) after 15 days. Although the combination of 30 mT and 1 g/L liquid molasses decreased biomass production (1.44 g/L), there was increase in protein yield (76.9%) and protein productivity (73.8 mg/L·d). The proposed method increased phycocyanin production by 145% and its purity from 0.584 in the control culture to 0.627. Data described by this study show that the combination of mixotrophic culture and MF application is a promising alternative to increase microalga protein and phycocyanin production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have received great interest in recent decades. However, PGPB mechanisms remain poorly understood in forage species. We aimed to evaluate roots endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria strains from Brachiaria humidicola and Brachiaria decumbens. The strains were evaluated for biological nitrogen-fixing in saline stress (0 to 10.0 g L-1 of NaCl), N-acyl homoserine lactones and indole-like compounds (ILC) production, the activity of hydrolytic enzymes, and inorganic phosphate solubilization (IPS) under different C sources. The diversity of strains was assessed by BOX-PCR. About 58% of strains were positive for BNF. High salinity levels reduced the growth and BNF. About 58% produced N-acyl homoserine lactones. The ILC was present in 39% of strains. Cellulase, polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, and amylase production were observed in 77, 14, 22, and 25% of strains, respectively. The IPS was observed in 44, 81, and 87% of isolates when glucose, mannitol and sucrose were used, respectively. Comparing two plant species and niches, the strains associated with B. humidicola and root endophytic presented more PGPB mechanisms than others. We found high strain diversity, of which 64% showed similarity lower than 70%. These results can be supporting the bioproducts development to increase forage grasses production in tropical soils.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this cross-sectional study, we investigate the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Ribonucleic Acid (SARS-CoV-2 RNA) in the tears of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. After laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, tear samples from both eyes of each patient were collected using conjunctival swab for RT-PCR. Detailed demographic profile, systemic and ocular symptoms, comorbidities, clinical, ancillary, and ocular manifestations were evaluated. Of the 83 patients enrolled in the study, 7 (8.43%) had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in the tear samples. Neutrophils' count, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 detected in tears than in patients without virus in ocular surface samples. One patient with SARS-CoV-2 in tears showed mild ocular eyelid edema, hyperemia, and chemosis. No relevant ocular manifestations were detected in the other patients. Although the levels of viral RNA on ocular surface samples were low for most patients (5/7), with positivity only for gene N and CT higher than 30, two patients were positive for all viral targets tested (N, E, and RpRd), with viral load near 1 × 105 ePFU/mL, indicating that the ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a possibility that needs to be considered, especially in the hospital environment. Further studies need to be conducted to demonstrate whether infective viral particles could be isolated from tears.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate the metal screw-in anchor failure mode and load to failure for 2 different eyelet alignments after anchor insertion in ovine humeri. METHODS: Sixteen ovine humeri were dissected, and a 5-mm metal anchor with 2 nonabsorbable polyblend polyethylene sutures was inserted into them in the proximal position of the greater tuberosity. The alignment of the anchors after insertion was adjusted to make 2 test groups, each with 8 specimens: In group 1, the anchor eyelets were malpositioned, whereas in group 2, the anchor eyelets were aligned according to the manufacturer's instructions. After insertion, cyclic tests from 10 N to 180 N were performed with a frequency of 1 Hz for 200 cycles; specimens were then loaded to failure to evaluate the maximum load of the system and observe the associated failure mode. RESULTS: The mean ultimate failure load in group 2 was not significantly different from that in group 1 (P = .472). CONCLUSIONS: For metallic screw-in suture anchors, the alignment of the eyelet does not change the failure mode and the load to failure after cyclic loading of the bone-anchor-suture system in ovine humeri. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate that on the basis of this anchor model, the position of the eyelet in the greater tuberosity does not interfere directly with the biomechanical performance of the system.

RESUMO

Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant prescribed to prevent and treat thromboembolic disorders. It has a narrow therapeutic window and must have its effect controlled. Prothrombin test, expressed in INR value, is used for dose management. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) is an important outcome of quality control of anticoagulation therapy and is influenced by several factors. The aim of this study was to identify genetic, demographic, and clinical factors that can potentially influence TTR. In total,422 patients using warfarin were investigated. Glibenclamide co-medication and presence of CYP2C9*2 and/or *3 alleles were associated with higher TTR, while amiodarone, acetaminophen and verapamil co-medication were associated with lower TTR. Our data suggest that TTR is influenced by co-medication and genetic factors. Thus, individuals in use of glibenclamide may need a more careful monitoring and genetic testing (CYP2C9*2 and/or *3 alleles) may improve the anticoagulation management. In addition, in order to reach and maintain the INR in the target for a longer period, it is better to discuss dose adjustment in office instead of by telephone assessment. Other studies are needed to confirm these results and to find more variables that could contribute to this important parameter.

RESUMO

Primary care professionals are usually the first ones to detect symptomns of autism. We have developed and evaluated an educational model via a combined telehealth and face-to-face approach to handle autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and child mental health. The training comprised two modules involving distance-learning and face-to-face teaching environments. A total of 150 healthcare professionals - 75 doctors and 75 nurses - from five Brazilian cities were trained. Videos about ASD and child mental health were developed for the distance-learning module. The face-toface module was based on training regarding "Mental health communication skills for child and adolescent primary care." The professionals were evaluated before and after training utilizing a specific knowledge questionnaire and surveys on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP). Knowledge acquisition, practice, and attitude improved significantly after training (p < 0.01). Our results indicated that the use of interactive tele-education to train professionals in primary care is feasible and effective.

Os primeiros sintomas de transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) são detectados por profissionais da atenção básica. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar um modelo de treinamento via telemedicina e workshop presencial sobre TEA e saúde mental infantil para médicos e enfermeiros da atenção básica. Participaram do treinamento 150 profissionais de cinco cidades brasileiras. No módulo a distância, foram desenvolvidos vídeos sobre TEA e os principais transtornos da infância, e no presencial foi baseado no treinamento "Técnicas de comunicação para lidar com saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes na atenção primaria". Os profissionais foram avaliados antes e depois da capacitação com questionários específicos de conhecimento e o Questionário de conhecimento, atitudes e prática (CAP). Os resultados apontaram a aquisição de conhecimento, atitudes e prática tanto pelos médicos quanto pelos enfermeiros. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o treinamento de profissionais da atenção básica é factível e efetiva.

Los profesionales que detectan los primeros síntomas de trastorno del espectro autista son los profesionales de la atención básica. Desarrollamos y evaluamos un modelo de educación vía tele-salude y taller presencial sobre TEA y salud mental infantil para médicos y enfermeros de la atención básica. 150 profesionales de 5 ciudades brasileñas participaron en el entrenamiento. Para el módulo a distancia se desarrollaron vídeos sobre TEA y los principales trastornos de la infancia. El módulo presencial se basó en el entrenamiento "Técnicas de comunicación para lidiar con la salud mental de niños y adolescentes en la atención primaria". Los profesionales fueron evaluados antes y después de la capacitación con Cuestionario Específicos de Conocimiento y el Cuestionario de conocimiento, actitudes, práctica (CAP). Los resultados apuntaron que hubo adquisición de conocimiento, actitud y práctica tanto por los médicos y por los enfermeros. Los resultados muestran que el uso de tele-educación interactiva para la capacitación es factible y efectiva.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Intercropping forest plantations of Eucalyptus with nitrogen-fixing trees can increase soil N inputs and stimulate soil organic matter (OM) cycling. However, microbial indicators and their correlation in specific fractions of soil OM are unclear in the tropical sandy soils. Here, we examined the microbial indicators associated with C and N in the soil resulting from pure and intercropped Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations. We hypothesized that introduction of A. mangium in a Eucalyptus plantation promotes changes in microbial indicators and increases C and N concentrations on labile fractions of the soil OM, when compared to pure eucalyptus plantations. We determined the microbial and enzymatic activity, and the potential for C degradation by the soil microbial community. Additionally, we evaluated soil OM fractions and litter parameters. Soil (0-20 cm) and litter samples were collected at 27 and 39 months after planting from the following treatments: pure E. grandis (E) and A. mangium (A) plantations, pure E. grandis plantations with N fertilizer (E+N) and an E. grandis, and A. mangium intercropped plantations (E+A). The results showed that intercropped plantations (E+A) increase 3, 45, and 70% microbial biomass C as compared to A, E+N, and E, at 27 months after planting. The metabolic quotient (qCO2) showed a tendency toward stressful values in pure E. grandis plantations and a strong correlation with dehydrogenase activity. A and E+A treatments also exhibited the highest organic fractions (OF) and C and N contents. A canonical redundancy analysis revealed positive correlations between microbial indicators of soil and litter attributes, and a strong effect of C and N variables in differentiating A and E+A from E and E+N treatments. The results suggested that a significant role of A. mangium enhance the dynamics of soil microbial indicators which help in the accumulation of C and N in soil OF in intercropped E. grandis plantations. Our results are mostly relevant to plantations in sandy soil areas with low levels of OM, suggesting and efficient method for improving nutrient availability in the soil and optimizing eucalyptus growth and development.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In this mini-review, we have compiled the most recent and comparable information to shed light on the action of PEGylation in the biodistribution of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the central nervous system (CNS). It is well known that due to the complexity of the CNS and the severity of the outcome following changes in this system, this is one of the areas where there are more investments in research to develop new technologies and approaches for more effective and less invasive treatments. The CNS is highly protected against toxic and invasive microorganisms thanks to the blood brain barrier (BBB), but this protection also prevents the passage of potentially beneficial molecules for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nanotechnology attempts to develop nanocompounds that are biocompatible and non-immunogenic, and that are able to cross the BBB in therapeutic amounts without causing damage and to diffuse through nerve tissue. These compounds should also be cleared and biodistributed properly, being capable of performing drug delivery exclusively for CNS pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's) and brain tumors. CONCLUSION: In this way, this review focuses on CNT PEGylation, aiming to help in the development of viable and effective nanomedicines for neuroscience applications.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Carbon nanotubes are promising nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. However, the ability of these nanomaterials to cross cell membranes and interact with neural cells brings the need for the assessment of their potential adverse effects on the nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the biopersistence of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEG) directly infused into the rat hippocampus. Contextual fear conditioning, Y-maze and open field tasks were performed to evaluate the effects of SWCNT-PEG on memory and locomotor activity. The effects of SWCNT-PEG on oxidative stress and morphology of the hippocampus were assessed 1 and 7 days after infusion of the dispersions at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.1 mg/mL. Raman analysis of the hippocampal homogenates indicates the biopersistence of SWCNT-PEG in the hippocampus 7 days post-injection. The infusion of the dispersions had no effect on the acquisition or persistence of the contextual fear memory; likewise, the spatial recognition memory and locomotor activity were not affected by SWCNT-PEG. Histological examination revealed no remarkable morphological alterations after nanomaterial exposure. One day after the infusion, SWCNT-PEG dispersions at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL were able to decrease total antioxidant capacity without modifying the levels of reactive oxygen species or lipid hydroperoxides in the hippocampus. Moreover, SWCNT-PEG dispersions at all concentrations induced antioxidant defenses and reduced reactive oxygen species production in the hippocampus at 7 days post-injection. In this work, we found a time-dependent change in antioxidant defenses after the exposure to SWCNT-PEG. We hypothesized that the persistence of the nanomaterial in the tissue can induce an antioxidant response that might have provided resistance to an initial insult. Such antioxidant delayed response may constitute an adaptive response to the biopersistence of SWCNT-PEG in the hippocampus.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this paper was to report the isolation of two fluoroacetate degrading bacteria from the rumen of goats. The animals were adult goats, males, crossbred, with rumen fistula, fed with hay, and native pasture. The rumen fluid was obtained through the rumen fistula and immediately was inoculated 100 µL in mineral medium added with 20 mmol L(-1) sodium fluoroacetate (SF), incubated at 39°C in an orbital shaker. Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain DSM 8341) was used as positive control for fluoroacetate dehalogenase activity. Two isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pigmentiphaga kullae (ECPB08) and Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus (ECPB09). These bacteria degraded sodium fluoroacetate, releasing 20 mmol L(-1) of fluoride ion after 32 hours of incubation in Brunner medium containing 20 mmol L(-1) of SF. There are no previous reports of fluoroacetate dehalogenase activity for P. kullae and A. dichloromethanicus. Control measures to prevent plant intoxication, including use of fences, herbicides, or other methods of eliminating poisonous plants, have been unsuccessful to avoid poisoning by fluoroacetate containing plants in Brazil. In this way, P. kullae and A. dichloromethanicus may be used to colonize the rumen of susceptible animals to avoid intoxication by fluoroacetate containing plants.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mediante o teste de ELISA foi determinada a presença de anticorpos para Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) em amostras de soro de 734 caprinos e 392 ovinos, sem sinais clìnicos aparentes, provenientes de 14 Municipios do semiárido Paraibano. Em caprinos, a frequência média de anticorpos de 44,86± 22,91% e em ovinos foi de 52,96±31,49. Das 46 propriedades estudadas, 44 (95,65%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Nos 14 municípios avaliados houve presença de animais sorologicamente positivos, variando de 20% a 70%. Em caprinos sem raça definida e mestiços a frequência (48,56%) foi significativamente inferior (P<0,0270) que a de caprinos de raças puras (57,24%). Em ovinos com escore de 1 a 3 a frequência (59,39%) foi significativamente maior (P=0,0034) que a frequência em ovinos com escore superior a 3 (42,42%). Não houve diferença significativa nas frequências em caprinos e ovinos de diferentes idades, em caprinos com diferente escore corporal e em ovinos de diferentes raças. No exame microbiológico, em cultivos em meio HEYM com micobactina J, foram observadas colônias semelhantes às do Map em 9 (6,58%) das 180 amostras de fezes, sendo uma de caprinos e 8 de ovinos. Na coloração de Ziehl Nieelsen as bactérias apresentavam características morfo-tintorias de Map. Os resultados obtidos indicam alta frequência de caprinos e ovinos infectados com Map no semiárido da Paraíba, tornando-se necessário desenvolver pesquisas sobre a epidemiologia e forma de controle da doença nas condições de criação da região.

Antibodies to paratuberculosis were determined by ELISA in serum samples of 734 goats and 392 sheep, without clinical signs, from 14 municipalities of the semiarid region of Paraíba state, Brazil. In goats, average frequency of antibodies was 44.86±22.91% and in sheep was 52.96±31.49%. All municipalities had affected animals with a frequency varying from 20% to 70%. In goats of unknown breed and crossbreds the prevalence (48.56%) was significantly lower (P=0.0270) than in pure breed goats (57.24%). In sheep with body scores of 1 to 3, the frequency (59.39%) was significantly higher (P=0.0034) than in sheep with body score from 3 to 5 (42.42%). No significant differences were observed in goats and sheep of different ages, in goats with different body score, and in sheep of different breeds. In the microbiologic examination, after 16 weeks of incubation in HEYM medium with mycobactin J, colonies similar to those of do Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuber culosis were observed in cultures of 9 (6.58%) out of 180 fecal samples, being one from goats and 8 from sheep. In the Ziehl Nieelsen the bacteria had morphologic and staining characteristics similar to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. These results suggest that paratuberculosis is endemic with high prevalence in the semiarid region of Paraíba. It is necessary to develop research on the epidemiology and control measures of the disease in the conditions of this region. Also the risk for human beings should be determined, mainly in relation with milking goats.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mediante o teste de ELISA foi determinada a presença de anticorpos para Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) em amostras de soro de 734 caprinos e 392 ovinos, sem sinais clìnicos aparentes, provenientes de 14 Municipios do semiárido Paraibano. Em caprinos, a frequência média de anticorpos de 44,86± 22,91% e em ovinos foi de 52,96±31,49. Das 46 propriedades estudadas, 44 (95,65%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Nos 14 municípios avaliados houve presença de animais sorologicamente positivos, variando de 20% a 70%. Em caprinos sem raça definida e mestiços a frequência (48,56%) foi significativamente inferior (P<0,0270) que a de caprinos de raças puras (57,24%). Em ovinos com escore de 1 a 3 a frequência (59,39%) foi significativamente maior (P=0,0034) que a frequência em ovinos com escore superior a 3 (42,42%). Não houve diferença significativa nas frequências em caprinos e ovinos de diferentes idades, em caprinos com diferente escore corporal e em ovinos de diferentes raças. No exame microbiológico, em cultivos em meio HEYM com micobactina J, foram observadas colônias semelhantes às do Map em 9 (6,58%) das 180 amostras de fezes, sendo uma de caprinos e 8 de ovinos. Na coloração de Ziehl Nieelsen as bactérias apresentavam características morfo-tintorias de Map. Os resultados obtidos indicam alta frequência de caprinos e ovinos infectados com Map no semiárido da Paraíba, tornando-se necessário desenvolver pesquisas sobre a epidemiologia e forma de controle da doença nas condições de criação da região.(AU)

Antibodies to paratuberculosis were determined by ELISA in serum samples of 734 goats and 392 sheep, without clinical signs, from 14 municipalities of the semiarid region of Paraíba state, Brazil. In goats, average frequency of antibodies was 44.86±22.91% and in sheep was 52.96±31.49%. All municipalities had affected animals with a frequency varying from 20% to 70%. In goats of unknown breed and crossbreds the prevalence (48.56%) was significantly lower (P=0.0270) than in pure breed goats (57.24%). In sheep with body scores of 1 to 3, the frequency (59.39%) was significantly higher (P=0.0034) than in sheep with body score from 3 to 5 (42.42%). No significant differences were observed in goats and sheep of different ages, in goats with different body score, and in sheep of different breeds. In the microbiologic examination, after 16 weeks of incubation in HEYM medium with mycobactin J, colonies similar to those of do Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuber culosis were observed in cultures of 9 (6.58%) out of 180 fecal samples, being one from goats and 8 from sheep. In the Ziehl Nieelsen the bacteria had morphologic and staining characteristics similar to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. These results suggest that paratuberculosis is endemic with high prevalence in the semiarid region of Paraíba. It is necessary to develop research on the epidemiology and control measures of the disease in the conditions of this region. Also the risk for human beings should be determined, mainly in relation with milking goats.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Intralesional corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of hypertrophic keloid scars for over 40 years. The few complications documented have mostly been local skin changes, viz depigmentation and cutaneous atrophy. Cushing's syndrome following intralesional injection is rare and usually self-limiting following cessation of therapy. This report describes a 9-year-old girl who developed Cushing's syndrome 2-3 weeks after a single treatment with 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide injected into keloids. Features of Cushing's syndrome and a suppressed hypothalamic-pituitary axis were present up to 9 months later. Three years after glucocorticoid injections, features of Cushing's syndrome had largely disappeared. Dosages of intralesional steroids normally recommended for adults are inappropriate for children.

Assuntos