RESUMO
The social distancing measures implemented to contain the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide have created a series of emotional and economic challenges. The aim of the present work was to explore the experiences of families with children and adolescents during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Uruguay. An online study was conducted in March 2020 with 1725 parents with children under 18 years old. A series of closed and open-ended questions about their family life since the implementation of social distancing measures were asked, addressing the following topics: how they had felt, changes they had experienced in their daily life, children's daily routine, changes implemented in relation to child-care, changes they had perceived in children's eating patterns, changes in their relationship with their children, changes in their children's mood and behavior, and their reaction to those changes. Results showed that the coronavirus pandemic elicited negative feelings in the majority of participants, mainly related to worry, fear, anxiety and uncertainty. Social distancing measures caused a major disruption in daily habits, which were mostly attributed to changes in work-related activities and the closure of educational institutions. Changes in children's mood and behavior were perceived by the majority of the participants, who mainly referred to boredom, agitation and restlessness. Although some participants reported difficulties to cope with children's behavior during social distancing, others valued the opportunity of spending more time with their children. In terms of children's eating patterns, changes related to both an increase and a decrease in the consumption of healthy foods were observed. Results from the present work have relevant implications for public health policy and practice by highlighting the importance of providing emotional and psychological support to people during social distancing measures and providing insights for the design of communication campaigns and interventions.
RESUMO
Described as the 'invisible epidemic', non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the world's leading cause of death. Most are caused by preventable factors, including poor diet, tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol and physical inactivity. Diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases were responsible for 38 million (68%) of global deaths in 2012. Since 1990, proportionate NCD mortality has increased substantially as populations have aged and communicable diseases decline. The majority of NCD deaths, especially premature NCD deaths (<70 years, 82%), occur in low-income and middle-income countries, and among poor communities within them. Addressing NCDs is recognised as central to the post-2015 agenda; accordingly, NCDs have a specific objective and target in the Sustainable Development Goals. While deaths from NCDs occur mainly in adulthood, many have their origins in early life, including through epigenetic mechanisms operating before conception. Good nutrition before conception and interventions aimed at preventing NCDs during the first 1000 days (from conception to age 2 years), childhood and adolescence may be more cost-effective than managing established NCDs in later life with costly tests and drugs. Following a life-course approach, maternal and child health interventions, before delivery and during childhood and adolescence, can prevent NCDs and should influence global health and socioeconomic development. This paper describes how such an approach may be pursued, including through the engagement of non-health sectors. It also emphasises evaluating and documenting related initiatives to underwrite systematic and evidence-based cross-sectoral engagement on NCD prevention in the future.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Pobreza , Condições Sociais , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Proteção da Criança , Violência Doméstica , Educação , UruguaiRESUMO
Objetivos: Describir el tratamiento para infección por Bartonella bacilliformis, en Caraz, Ancash. Diseño: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Lugar: Caraz, Ancash, Perú. Pacientes: Quinientos dieciocho pacientes. Intervenciones: Recolección de datos, entre enero 2004 y marzo 2005, por medio de historias clínicas realizadas en el Hospital de Caraz. Principales medidas de resultados: Esquemas de tratamiento para infección por Bartonella bacilliformis. Resultados: Se registró 248 pacientes en fase aguda. En 215 (86,7 por ciento), se indicó cloramfenicol para su tratamiento y en todos ellos no se registró la dosis de carga de 50 mg/kg, por 3 días; 164 (66,1 por ciento) pacientes necesitaron una dosis de cloramfenicol superior a 25 mg/kg. En fase eruptiva, se registró 270 pacientes; en 260 (96,3 por ciento) se indicó rifampicina y 222 (82,2 por ciento) sobrepasaron los 21 días de duración de tratamiento con dicho antibiótico. Cloramfenicol obtuvoun 89 por ciento de eficacia en curación clínica y rifampicina, 93,1 por ciento. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, existió una marcada tendencia a aumentar la dosis de cloramfenicol e incrementar el número de días de tratamiento con rifampicina, en fase aguda y eruptiva, respectivamente, de la Enfermedad de Carrión.
Objectives: To describe Bartonella bacilliformis' infection treatment, in Caraz, Ancash. Design: Observational, transverse and retrospective study. Setting: Caraz, Ancash, Peru. Patients: Five hundred and eighteen patients. Interventions: Study of clinical histories data from January 2004 through March 2005 at Caraz Hospital. Main outcome measures: Treatment outlines for Bartonella bacilliformis infection. Results: In the acute phase, 248 patients were registered; in 215 (86,7 per cent) chloramphenicol treatment was indicated but the 50 mg/kg loading dose by 3 days was not prescribed; 164 (66,1 per cent) patients needed a higher chloramphenicol dose of 25 mg/kg. In the eruptive phase, 270 patients were registered; in 260 (96,3 per cent) rifampicin was indicated and 222 (82,2 per cent) for more than the 21 treatment days suggested for this antibiotic. Clinical cure was obtained with chloramphenicol in 89 per cent and 93,1 per cent with rifampicin. Conclusions: In the population studied there was a tendency to increase both chloramphenicol dose and rifampicin number of treatment days respectively in the acute and eruptive phases of Carrion's disease.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bartonella bacilliformis , Infecções por Bartonella/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoAssuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adolescente , Saúde da Criança , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Direitos Humanos , Nível de Saúde , Seguridade Social , Pobreza , HabitaçãoAssuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Proteção da Criança , Habitação , Direitos Humanos , Pobreza , UruguaiRESUMO
Cuando llega un bebé a la familia, generalmente los padres tienen más preguntas que respuestas. Es poreso, que UNICEF buscó dar con Bienvenido Bebé, una guía completa para el cuidado del recién nacido,algunos consejos concretos para que el nuevo rol de padres sea más sencillo. El cuidado del niño en la primera etapa de vida es crucial ya que define, en gran medida, las posibilidades para el desarrollo del potencial de una persona. El cuidado de la salud, la nutrición y un ambiente protector y de afecto duranteesta primera etapa, son esenciales para lograr los resultados deseados. Para UNICEF es prioridad garantizar el cumplimiento de ese derecho.
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Assistência Perinatal , Comportamento do Lactente , Cuidado do Lactente , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Aleitamento Materno , Bem-Estar do LactenteRESUMO
Objetivo . Describir nuestra experiencia en el manejo anestesiológico de las pleuroscopías. Pacientes y métodos. Se consultó nuestra base de datos en un período comprendido entre julio de 2000 y julio de 2002. Revisamos 70 procedimientos de pleuroscopías con cirugía videoasistida (CVA), realizados con anestesia general e intubación con sonda de doble luz para ventilación unipulmonar. Resultados. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron derrames pleurales y neumotórax , los procedimientos más frecuentes fueron pleurodesis y biopsias. El porcentaje de reconversión de la técnica fue de 5.7%, en su mayoría por dificultades técnicas. No hubo hemorragias importantes ni muertes atribuibles a la técnica. De las complicaciones no quirúrgicas 4 pacientes presentaron broncoespasmo que retrocedió con tratamiento habitual y 5 presentaron hipoxemia que obligó a suspender transitoriamente la ventilación unipulmonar. En el postoperatorio un paciente presentó un cuadro de edema pulmonar con buena evolución en 24 horas. Los pacientes coordinados para aerostasis presentaron menos enfermedades asociadas y menor ASA, a diferencias de los que presentaban masas y tumores pulmonares. En 69 pacientes se logró una adecuada ventilación unipulmonar. La complicación más frecuente fue el desplazamiento distal de la sonda. El número de otras complicaciones fue bajo, fácilmente controlable y atribuible al terreno del paciente y al tipo de sonda utilizado. Conclusión. Las pleuroscopías realizadas con anestesia general y ventilación unipulmonar son procedimientos seguros, con complicaciones esperables y con buena respuesta al tratamiento. El diagnóstico quirúrgico y el tipo de procedimiento indicado, son datos importantes para evaluar el riesgo de enfermedades asociadas y de complicaciones.
This article describes the authors´experience in the anesthetic management of pleuroscopies in a General Hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay. Patients and Methods Data were collected from Anesthesia Departament Database corresponding to a period of two years from july 2000 to july 2002. Seventy pleuroscopies were reviewed. All patients underwent general anesthesia and in all cases double lumen tubes were used for unipulmonar ventilation. Results Empyema and neumothorax were the most frequent preoperative diagnoses. Pleurodesis and pleural biopsies were the most frequently used procedures. Surgical technique was converted in 5.7% of all cases due to technical difficulties. No significant bleeding or deaths occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period in these serie of patients. Other incidents related to anesthesia were bronchospasm (4 patients, all of them fully recovered after usual treatment) and hypoxia (5 patients who required discontinuation of unipulmonar ventilation). In the postoperative period one patient suffered from pulmonar edema requiring admission in an intensive care unit. After 24 hours the patient fully recovered and was succesfully discharged from that Unit. All patients who underwent aerostatic procedures were in the preoperative period, in better physical conditions (lower ASA score) than those with lung tumors. Unipulmonar ventilation was succesfully performed in 60 of 70 total patients. Distal double lumen tube malposition was the most frequent complication. Other incidents were rare and in all cases easily solved. In most cases they were related to patients´ previous physical status or to characteristics or quality of double lumen tubes utilized. Conclusions In our experience Pleuroscopies under General Anesthesia and unipulmonar ventilation are safe procedures with well known complications and good response to usual treatment. Preoperative diagnose and procedure performed, are important data in order to assess the risk of associated illnesses and postoperative complications.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre intoxicación plúmbica crónica y alteraciones del crecimiento y desarrollo cognitivo-emocional en niños del colegio María Reiche- Callao. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A 70 niños de 8 a 12 años de edad del C.E. N§ 5045 María Reiche del A.A.H.H. Puerto Nuevo- Callao, que participaron en el estudio de dosaje de plomo en sangre hecho por la Dirección General de Salud Ambiental en 1999, se les aplicó pruebas de seguimiento de instrucciones, habilidades motoras, comunicativas, manipulativas, académicas y la lista de chequeo de ansiedad. Se midió el coeficiente intelectual e índice de masa corporal. Para el procesamiento de los datos se empleó las pruebas chi-cuadrado, t de Student, correlación y regresión lineal simple, usando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11.0, con un nivel de confianza de 95 por ciento. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de plomo en sangre y los grados de ansiedad se relacionaron significativamente mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado (p=0,025); se encontró diferencias significativas entre las medias del puntaje de la lista de chequeo de ansiedad y la categorización de los niveles de plomo, mediante la prueba t de Student (p= 0,031). La relación entre los niveles de plomo en sangre y el coeficiente intelectual, las habilidades académicas, motoras, comunicativas, manipulativas, seguimiento de instrucciones e índice de masa corporal no resultaron significativos. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró asociación significativa entre la intoxicación plúmbica crónica y el grado de ansiedad (desarrollo emocional). Sin embargo, no se encontró asociación con el crecimiento ni con el desarrollo cognitivo.