RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inconclusive epidemiological evidence suggests that diet quality indices may influence breast cancer (BC) risk; however, the evidence does not consider the molecular expression of this cancer. PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate if diet quality is related to molecular subtypes of BC, in women residing in Northern Mexico. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of 1,045 incident cases and 1,030 population controls from a previous case-control study, conducted between 2007 and 2011 in Northern Mexico. Information about the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) was obtained from medical records to classify BC as luminal (ER + and/or PR+/HER2-), HER2+ (ER+/-and/or PR+/-/HER2+), or triple-negative (TN) (ER- and PR-/HER2-) cases. Food consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated using the Mexican Diet Quality Index (MxDQI) and the Mexican Alternative Healthy Eating Index (MxAHEI). We used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the association between Mexican diet quality indices and BC molecular subtypes. RESULTS: The MxDQI was related to lower odds of BC (ORT3vsT1=0.24; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.31). Similarly, MxAHEI was negatively associated with BC (ORT3vsT1=0.43; 95%CI: 0.34, 0.54). The associations of both indices remained significant in the ER + and ER- tumors, and in the BC luminal and HER2 + molecular subtypes, except in the TN molecular subtype for MxAHEI, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that MxDQI and MxAHEI were negatively associated with BC risk regardless of its molecular subtype.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Dieta , Humanos , Feminino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dieta/métodos , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Adulto , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Idoso , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in the percentage of expenditure on food groups in Mexican households according to the gender of the household head and the size of the locality. DESIGN: Analysis of secondary data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) 2018. We estimated the percentage of expenditure on fifteen food groups according to the gender of the head of household and locality size and evaluated the differences using a two-part model approach. SETTING: Mexico, 2018. PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative sample of 74 647 Mexican households. RESULTS: Female-headed households allocated a lower share of expenditure to the purchase of sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages and higher percentages to milk and dairy, fruits and water. In comparison with metropolitan households, households in rural and urban localities spent more on cereals and tubers, sugar and honey, oil and fat and less on food away from home. CONCLUSIONS: Households allocate different percentages of expenditure to diverse food groups according to the gender of the head of the household and the size of the locality where they are located. Future research should focus on understanding the economic and social disparities related to differences in food expenditure, including the gender perspective.