RESUMO
This retrospective observational study aimed to assess the effect of temperature-humidity index (THI) at calving and in the last trimester of pregnancy and calve-related factors affecting passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin using Brix refractometry in Holstein calves. Blood samples from 4411 Holstein calves from a single large dairy farm in spring 2022 were used. A subset of data containing 6318 calvings was used to determine the effect of climatic conditions on the occurrence of agammaglobulinemia. Risk factors predictive of failure of passive transfer (FPT) were calculated using multiple logistic models. Females were 1.4 times more likely not to have FPT (56%; Brix% > 8 equivalent to ≥ 10 g/L IgG) than males (47.2%). Calves born as singles increased the likelihood of not presenting FPT (52.6%) than calves born as twins (42.9%). Calves from cows with no dystocic delivery had a lower risk for FPT (odds ratio = 2.3) than calves from cows with dystocia. Agammaglobulinemia was 1.5 and 1.8 times more likely to occur in calves with THI ≥ 80 and ≥ 82 in the last trimester of gestation and at calving, respectively, than in calves not experiencing heat stress. Agammaglobulinemia was twice as likely to occur in male than in female calves. Calves with birth weight ≥ 37 kg and gestation length ≥ 275 kg were less likely to present agammaglobulinemia than lighter calves and calves with shorter gestation periods. This study raises questions for management practices in Holstein calves undergoing in utero heat stress and around calving to avoid agammaglobulinemia.
Assuntos
Agamaglobulinemia , Doenças dos Bovinos , Distocia , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Agamaglobulinemia/veterinária , Anticorpos , Peso ao Nascer , Distocia/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
This paper presents three new materials composed of TiXV0,035XCuX-1,035 (X = 2, 4 and 6%), is proposed as Linear Accelerator target. Its response to electron beam based on photoneutron production, is assessed by MC simulation and nuclear track-etch methodology. The outcome is compared to a tungsten target irradiated by energetic 16 MeV electron beam. Photoneutron yield, of two energy groups (thermal and epithermal) were determined via converter matter 10B (98%) and Cd-filter by PADC-track density comparison. The multi-metal Ti2V0,07Cu97.93 target related to therapy beam quality, resulted advantageous in comparison to that provided by W-target, commonly used in the LINAC.
Assuntos
Nêutrons , Fótons , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Radioterapia/métodos , Simulação por Computador , Método de Monte CarloRESUMO
In this work, the seasonal variation of the concentration of radon in soil and its contribution to concentrations inside of a bunker used for the storage and operation of radioactive material was studied. The measurements obtained inside and outside of the installation allowed establish a method for the calculation of the diffusion coefficient for the concrete, variable that directly influences the concentration of radon gas inside of the bunker. With the obtained results of the gamma dose rate and the concentration of radon inside the bunker, the S-index was calculated in order to determine whether the bunker would require some remediation process. The high radon gas concentration rates to which workers are exposed led to study the relative risk of contracting lung cancer (RRLC).
RESUMO
VP2/VP6 virus like particles (VLPs) are very effective in inducing protection against the rotavirus infection in animal models. Individually, VP6 can also induce protection. However, there is no information about the immunogenicity of VP2. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of DNA vaccines codifying for VP2 or VP6, alone or combined, to induce protection against the rotavirus infection. Murine rotavirus VP2 and VP6 genes were cloned into the pcDNA3 vector. Adult BALB/c mice were inoculated three times by intramuscular (i.m.) injections with 100 or 200µg of pcDNA3-VP2 or pcDNA3-VP6 alone or co-administered with 100µg of pcDNA3-VP2/100µg of pcDNA3-VP6. Two weeks after the last inoculation, mice were challenged with the wild type murine rotavirus strain epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIMwt). We found that both plasmids, pcDNA3-VP2 and pcDNA3-VP6, were able to induce rotavirus-specific serum antibodies, but not intestinal rotavirus-specific IgA; only 200µg of pcDNA3-VP6 induced 35% protection against the infection. A similar level of protection was found when mice were co-administered with 100µg of pcDNA3-VP2/100µg of pcDNA3-VP6 (1:1 ratio). However, the best protection (up to 58%) occurred when mice were inoculated with 10µg of pcDNA3-VP2/100µg of pcDNA3-VP6 (1:10 ratio). These results indicate that the DNA plasmid expressing VP6 is a better vaccine candidate that the one expressing VP2. However, when co-expressed, VP2 potentiates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VP6.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/imunologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/imunologia , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos Virais/genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Rotavirus , Infecções por Rotavirus/imunologia , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) control programmes in Bangladesh, India, Malawi and Colombia. OBJECTIVE: Assess indicators of TB-related stigma and socio-cultural and gender-related features of illness associated with stigma. DESIGN: Semi-structured Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) interviews were administered to 100 or more patients at each site, assessing categories of distress, perceived causes and help seeking. Indicators of self-perceived stigma were analysed individually and in a validated index, which was compared across sites and between men and women at each site. Cultural epidemiological explanatory variables for stigma and interactions with female sex were analysed at each site. Qualitative illness narratives were examined to explain the role and context of explanatory variables. RESULTS: The overall stigma index was highest in India, lowest in Malawi and greater for women in Bangladesh. In India and Malawi, women were more likely to be concerned about impact on marital prospects. Associations with HIV/AIDS were linked to TB stigma in Malawi, where sexual contact as a perceived cause was more associated with stigma for men and less for women. CONCLUSION: Stigma both influences and indicates the effectiveness of TB control. Cultural epidemiological methods clarify cross-cutting and local features of stigma and gender for TB control.
Assuntos
Preconceito , Tuberculose , Bangladesh/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Malaui/epidemiologia , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Percepção SocialRESUMO
To evaluate the quality of life, and to establish local reference standards, the nutritional and metabolic status were assessed in two-hundred-eleven non-institutionalized adults divided in two groups: the experimental (> or = 60 years old), and the control (< 60 years old). The anthropometric nutritional status was assessed with the Quetelet Index with no significant differences between the age groups. The 24-hour recall method in the dietetic evaluation showed a high lipid and protein diet, which is characteristic of the region. The diet is deficient in energy, carbohydrates, fiber, copper, and zinc. Biochemical determinations of zinc, copper, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and insulin, were performed on 12-hours fasting subjects without significant (p < 0.05) age-based differences, except albumin levels, which reflects overall protein status. On the other hand, albumin, trygliceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and copper levels showed sex-based and age-sex-based significant differences (p < 0.05). Similar studies should be made on institutionalized or free-living individuals, from different socioeconomic levels and a nutritional status assessed by anthropometric measures, body composition, and food intake.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Metabolismo/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , VenezuelaRESUMO
The proteoglycans in the submandibular salivary glands of castrated male Wistar rats were studied before and after the daily administration of testosterone propionate (TP) for one month. Castration decreased the weight of the glands and their uronic acid content. The administration of TP reversed these effects. Chromatographic separation of the uronic acid fractions was performed on cellulose microcolumns. The principal fractions were hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. There were also changes in the physical properties of the proteoglycans. Castration decreased the range of distribution of molecular weight and the density, while the lateral chains of smaller length disappeared. TP administration to castrated rats reversed these effects.
Assuntos
Proteoglicanas/análise , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Glândula Submandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/farmacologia , Animais , Castração , Fracionamento Químico , Sulfatos de Condroitina/análise , Cromatografia em Agarose , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Glândula Submandibular/química , Testosterona/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Urônicos/análiseRESUMO
DL-isoproterenol hydrochloride (1 mg/kg body weight/day) was subcutaneously administered to male A2G mice during 15 or 45 days. The sympathetic superior cervical ganglion of each mouse was resected on the right side, two days before beginning the injections. At the end of the injection period, the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios and I131 thyroid uptake (%) were measured 3 hours after a tracer dose. The administration of isoproterenol induced marked hypertrophy in both normal and denervated submaxillary glands. At 15 days the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios of the isoproterenol treated mice were slightly decreased on the normal side and were not modified on the denervated side. At 45 days the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios were markedly decreased on both sides. The thyroid weight and I131 uptake were not modified by the isoproterenol treatment.
Assuntos
Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Glândula Submandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Hipertrofia , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Masculino , Camundongos , Glândula Submandibular/metabolismo , Simpatectomia , Glândula Tireoide/fisiologiaRESUMO
In studies performed on male Wistar rats, castration induced atrophy of the prostate with a marked increase in the uronic acid content. The administration of testosterone propionate to castrated rats produced opposite effects. Fractionation of the glycosaminoglycans on cellulose microcolumns showed that the changes in uronic acid content in the dorsolateral lobes were due to variations in hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate, but in the ventral lobes, there were changes in all the chromatographic fractions. There were also changes in the physical properties of proteoglycans. In the ventral lobes, castration induced a wider distribution of molecular weight, increased density, and predominance of lateral chains of greater size. In the dorsolateral lobes, there was a decrease in molecular weight and density of proteoglycans and in the length of lateral chains. Opposite results were obtained when testosterone propionate was given to castrated rats. It is postulated that the effects of androgens upon prostatic growth would depend on an interrelationship between epithelium and stroma mediated by the proteoglycans.
Assuntos
Orquiectomia , Próstata/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , Testosterona/farmacologia , Animais , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , Cromatografia , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Masculino , Peso Molecular , Concentração Osmolar , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Ácidos Urônicos/metabolismoRESUMO
DL-isoproterenol hydrochloride (1 mg/kg body weight/day) was subcutaneously administered to male A2G mice during 15 or 45 days. The sympathetic superior cervical ganglion of each mouse was resected on the right side, two days before beginning the injections. At the end of the injection period, the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios and I131 thyroid uptake (
) were measured 3 hours after a tracer dose. The administration of isoproterenol induced marked hypertrophy in both normal and denervated submaxillary glands. At 15 days the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios of the isoproterenol treated mice were slightly decreased on the normal side and were not modified on the denervated side. At 45 days the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios were markedly decreased on both sides. The thyroid weight and I131 uptake were not modified by the isoproterenol treatment.
RESUMO
DL-isoproterenol hydrochloride (1 mg/kg body weight/day) was subcutaneously administered to male A2G mice during 15 or 45 days. The sympathetic superior cervical ganglion of each mouse was resected on the right side, two days before beginning the injections. At the end of the injection period, the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios and I131 thyroid uptake (
) were measured 3 hours after a tracer dose. The administration of isoproterenol induced marked hypertrophy in both normal and denervated submaxillary glands. At 15 days the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios of the isoproterenol treated mice were slightly decreased on the normal side and were not modified on the denervated side. At 45 days the I131 submaxillary/plasma ratios were markedly decreased on both sides. The thyroid weight and I131 uptake were not modified by the isoproterenol treatment.
RESUMO
The effects of nandrolone phenylpropionate and decanoate, androstanolone and testosterone propionate, in daily doses from 3 to 100 micrograms during a month, on the diffuse hair wave seen after gonadectomy, were studied in male C 57 mice. The androgenic effects upon anterior prostate weight and the anabolic effects upon levator ani muscle and submaxillary gland weight, were also evaluated. The four steroid compounds used in these experiments had a strong inhibitory effect upon the hair growth waves which was stronger in the anabolic steroids than with testosterone propionate.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Cabelo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Cabelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Músculos/anatomia & histologia , Orquiectomia , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Próstata/anatomia & histologia , Glândula Submandibular/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The effects of nandrolone phenylpropionate and decanoate, androstanolone and testosterone propionate, in daily doses from 3 to 100 micrograms during a month, on the diffuse hair wave seen after gonadectomy, were studied in male C 57 mice. The androgenic effects upon anterior prostate weight and the anabolic effects upon levator ani muscle and submaxillary gland weight, were also evaluated. The four steroid compounds used in these experiments had a strong inhibitory effect upon the hair growth waves which was stronger in the anabolic steroids than with testosterone propionate.
RESUMO
The effects of cyproterone and of tamoxifen citrate upon the hair waves were studied in normal and castrated C57 mice. Cyproterone (1 mg/day) had no effect upon the hair waves in normal male mice and produced a slight inhibition of the diffuse growth induced by their castration. Tamoxifen citrate (1 mg/day) had no effect upon the hair waves in normal female mice and produced a marked inhibition (0.2 to 1 mg/day) upon the diffuse hair growth induced by their castration. The differences between the effects of castration and the effect of these drugs can be explained in the case of cyproterone by a slight agonistic androgenic effect and in the case of tamoxifen citrate by a marked agonistic estrogenic effect upon the hair follicles in mice.
Assuntos
Ciproterona/farmacologia , Cabelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamoxifeno/farmacologia , Animais , Castração , Feminino , Cabelo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
The effects of cyproterone and of tamoxifen citrate upon the hair waves were studied in normal and castrated C57 mice. Cyproterone (1 mg/day) had no effect upon the hair waves in normal male mice and produced a slight inhibition of the diffuse growth induced by their castration. Tamoxifen citrate (1 mg/day) had no effect upon the hair waves in normal female mice and produced a marked inhibition (0.2 to 1 mg/day) upon the diffuse hair growth induced by their castration. The differences between the effects of castration and the effect of these drugs can be explained in the case of cyproterone by a slight agonistic androgenic effect and in the case of tamoxifen citrate by a marked agonistic estrogenic effect upon the hair follicles in mice.
RESUMO
The effect of prostaglandins upon the diffuse hair wave induced by gonadectomy was studied in male C3H mice. The drugs used were Prostaglandin E1 and Prostaglandin F2alpha, tromethamine salt, which were administered twice a day intraperitoneally during 22 days, in daily doses from 1 to 6 micrograms. The animals had their back clipped and were castrated at the beginning of each experiment. At the end of the 22 day experimental period while all the castrated control mice were completely covered by hair, in the castrated prostaglandin treated mice a marked inhibition of the hair growth was noticed.