RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity in children in the Mexico-USA border have evolved differently to the rest of their respective countries. New reference values of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose are required to treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reference values of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose in Hispanic children between 6 and 11 years in the Mexico-USA border. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study. A population of Hispanic children between 6 and 11 years of both boys and girls, belonging to three public institutions in the cities of Ensenada and Chihuahua, randomly selected, were studied. The study variables were the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and glucose (G). RESULTS: From 300 subjects studied just 54 children completed the study. Higher average values of TC (168.7 ± 27.2 mg / dl), TG (80.6 ± 48.4 mg / dl) and G (88.3 ± 8.9 mg / dl) were observed. An additional behavior was founded, never reported previously to the limit of the knowledge of the authors; glucose levels of the children studied decreased with increased of cholesterol and triglycerides. To discard a random relationship between the variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was determined between waist circumference and BMI, verifying an inverse association with G and direct with the TG. CONCLUSION: The reference values for Hispanic children between 6 and 11 years living on the northern border of Mexico-USA differ with respect to the national average values of the countries studied. Further studies are needed in larger populations to confirm the trend ob served in glucose levels of normal children, overweight and obese.
Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños de la frontera México-USA tienen una evolución distinta al resto de sus respectivos países, se requieren nuevos valores de referencia de colesterol, triglicéridos y glucosa para tratarla. Objetivo: Determinar los valores de referencia de colesterol, triglicéridos y glucosa en niños hispanos, de entre 6 y 11 años, en la frontera México-USA. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional. Se estudió una población de niños hispanos de entre 6 y 11 años de ambos sexos pertenecientes a tres instituciones públicas de las ciudades de Ensenada y Chihuahua, aleatoriamente elegidas. Las variables de estudio fueron los niveles de colesterol total (CT), triglicéridos (TG) y glucosa (G) en ayuno. Resultados: De 300 sujetos estudiados, 54 niños culminaron el estudio. Se observaron valores promedio altos de CT (168.7±27.2 mg/dl), TG (80.6±48.4 mg/dl) y G (88.3±8.9 mg/dl). Adicionalmente se observa un comportamiento, nunca antes reportado previamente hasta el límite del conocimiento de los autores, en los niveles de glucosa de los niños estudiados, éstos disminuyen conforme aumentan los de colesterol y triglicéridos. Para descartar una relación aleatoria entre las variables, se determinó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre la Circunferencia de Cintura e IMC, verificándose una asociación inversa con la G y directa con los TG. Conclusión: Los valores de referencia para niños hispanos de entre 6 y 11 años que viven en la frontera norte de México-USA, difieren a los valores promedio nacionales de los países estudiados. Adicionalmente se requieren estudios en grupos poblacionales mayores para poder confirmar la tendencia observada en los niveles de glucosa de niños normales, con sobrepeso y obesos.
Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Colesterol/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Fungal biomass and fungal extract of the nonpathogenic fungus Neurospora crassa were successfully used as reducing agents for the biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). The experiment was carried out by exposing the fungal biomass or the fungal extract to a 0.001 M precursor solution of hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid (H2PtCl6). A change of color of the biomass from pale yellow to dark brown was the first indication of possible formation of PtNPs by the fungus. Subsequent analyses confirmed the intracellular biosynthesis of single PtNPs (4-35 nm in diameter) and spherical nanoaggregates (20-110 nm in diameter). Using the fungal extract, similar results were obtained, producing rounded nanoaggregates of Pt single crystals in the range of 17-76 nm.