RESUMO
Anthelmintic resistance in equine cyathostomins has been described worldwide, with resistance to the benzimidazole class being particularly widespread. The status of anthelmintic efficacy in Cuba has been virtually unknown due to the lack of equine labelled products. One recent report documented suboptimal efficacy levels of extra-label albendazole products against cyathostomins, but it remains unknown to which extent benzimidazole resistance exists in the population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of two benzimidazole products labelled for equines, fenbendazole and oxibendazole. A fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was carried out on 132 horses aged 4â¯months to 18â¯years in 14 herds, belonging to six provinces. Ten herds exhibited signs of resistance to at least one of the benzimidazoles (mean FECRT<90%). Overall, oxibendazole exhibited higher efficacy than fenbendazole (pâ¯=â¯0.0062), and higher efficacy levels were found in horses never dewormed before compared to those treated within 3-12â¯months prior to the study (pâ¯=â¯0.0015). Pre-treatment larval cultures revealed the presence of large strongyles and cyathostomin larvae in all herds, while only cyathostomin larvae were detected post treatment. The present work is the first report of anthelmintic resistance in equine cyathostomins in Cuba, and suggests pre-selection for resistant strains by extra-label use of albendazole on the studied farms.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Medicamentos , Infecções Equinas por Strongyloidea/tratamento farmacológico , Strongyloidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Cuba , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Cavalos/parasitologia , Masculino , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterináriaRESUMO
Increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance observed in equine cyathostomin parasites have led to recommendations of selective anthelmintic treatment strategies to lower the selection pressure favoring resistant populations. This principle is based on determining strongyle fecal egg counts from all herd members, and treating those exceeding a predetermined treatment cutoff. However, epidemiological information is lacking from horses kept under tropical conditions, where parasite burdens may be of a different composition and magnitude compared to those of horses kept under temperate climate conditions. The aim of the present work was to characterize the strongylid fauna in horses kept in tropical Camagüey, Cuba and identify risk factors associated with strongylid and ascarid egg counts. A total of 396 horses from eight different establishments were included in the study. Coprocultures revealed that Strongylus vulgaris and cyathostomins, sensu lato, were detected in all of those establishments. Prevalence and mean value of strongylid eggs per gram of feces were 97% and 1436, respectively. Eggs of Parascaris spp. were observed in 10% of horses. A multivariate mixed linear model identified sex (p=0.022), month (p=0.044), operation type (p=0.037) and time since last deworming (p<0.001) to be significantly associated in with the magnitude of strongylid fecal egg counts. A multivariate logistic regression identified horses less than two years of age (p=0.010) and horses not receiving anthelmintic treatment (p<0.001) to be significantly more likely to harbor Parascaris spp. parasites. The high magnitude and prevalence of strongylid fecal egg counts observed and the common occurrence of S. vulgaris suggest that strongylid parasite burdens are substantially different from those typically observed in managed equines kept under more temperate conditions.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Helmintos/fisiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Cuba/epidemiologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Feminino , Helmintíase Animal/tratamento farmacológico , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Helmintos/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to have a profound impact on fish physiology and metabolism. However, detailed studies in transgenic fish have not been conducted. We have characterized the food conversion efficiency, protein profile, and biochemical correlates of growth rate in transgenic tilapia expressing the tilapia GH cDNA under the control of human cytomegalovirus regulatory sequences. Transgenic tilapia exhibited about 3.6-fold less food consumption than nontransgenic controls (P < 0.001). The food conversion efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (290%) in transgenic tilapia (2.3 +/- 0.4) than in the control group (0.8 +/- 0.2). Efficiency of growth, synthesis retention, anabolic stimulation, and average protein synthesis were higher in transgenic than in nontransgenic tilapia. Distinctive metabolic differences were found in transgenic juvenile tilapia. We had found differences in hepatic glucose, and in agreement with previous results we observed differences in the level of enzymatic activities in target organs. We conclude that GH-transgenic juvenile tilapia show altered physiological and metabolic conditions and are biologically more efficient.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Tilápia/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Citomegalovirus/genética , DNA Complementar , Ingestão de Energia , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Glucose/metabolismo , Hormônio do Crescimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , Tilápia/genética , Tilápia/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
El efecto de la férula oclusal y el TENS ha sido estudiado en una muestra de 24 pacientes bruxistas (apretadores y rechinadores) que fueron diagnosticados por medio de un cuestionario y anamnesis. Se estudiaron diferentes variables tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas, atendiendo a aspectos psicológicos, de oclusión tanto estática como dinámica, actualidad electromiográfica e índices electromiográficos en músculos posturales y elevadores y presencia de desarreglos internos de la articulación temporomandibular. El método estadístico utilizado fue el análisis cluster. Los resultados no mostraron claramente una discriminación entre grupos tanto entre apretadores y rechinadores como entre los dos tipos de tratamiento...
Assuntos
Bruxismo , Placas Oclusais , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea , Odontologia , Músculos da MastigaçãoRESUMO
Se seleccionó una muestra de 12 pacientes (cuatro hombres y ocho mujeres) con edad promedio de 17.6 años, los cuales tenían diagnóstico de clase III de Angle y mordida cruzada posterior.- Los resultados mostraron que el 75 por ciento de los pacientes desplazaban la mandíbula hacia el lado de trabajo. El 66 por ciento de la muestra en masticación izquierda y el 75 por ciento en masticación derecha tenían desplazamiento condilar hacia el lado de no trabajo. No se encontró relación entre el desplazamiento del cóndilo con la situación de la mordida cruzada ni con la severidad de la misma...