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Abstract The aim of this study was to verify whether obesity and acute physical exercise could influence the reactivity to mental stress. Twelve normal weight (NW) and ten obese (Ob) (31.82% women), normotensive individuals between 18 and 40 years old were evaluated. The Stroop color test was performed under two conditions: 1) Baseline and 2) 30 min after the end of aerobic physical exercise. Individuals performed 30 min of physical exercise (NW: 3.38 and Ob: 2.99 km·h-1; p< 0.05) between 50-60% of heart rate reserve (NW: 139±7 and Ob: 143±7 bpm). The reactivity to mental stress for systolic blood pressure - SBP (Δ2 min) and diastolic blood pressure - DBP (Δ2 and Δ4 min) was lower (p< 0.05) in Ob compared to NW group. The SBP reactivity to mental stress was less (p< 0.05) post-exercise in all moments (Δ2 and Δ4 min), regardless of obesity, while the DBP reactivity to mental stress was less post-exercise, only in NW. BP reactivity to stress correlated negatively with obesity indicators (r/Rho = - 0.42 to - 0.64), under the baseline condition, but not post-physical exercise. Obesity blunted BP reactivity to mental stress in normotensive young adults. Moderately-intensity acute aerobic exercise reduced SBP reactivity to mental stress, regardless of obesity, while it reduced DBP reactivity to mental stress, only in NW. In summary, acute physical exercise may be a one means to prevent cardiovascular changes.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a obesidade e o exercício físico agudo podem influenciar a reatividade ao estresse mental. Foram avaliados 12 indivíduos eutróficos (E) e dez obesos (Ob) (31,82% mulheres), normotensos entre 18 e 40 anos. O teste de cor Stroop foi realizado em duas condições: 1) Linha de base e 2) 30 min após o término do exercício físico aeróbio. Os indivíduos realizaram 30 min de exercício físico (E: 3,38 e Ob: 2,99 km•h-1; p<0,05) entre 50-60% da frequência cardíaca de reserva (E 139±7 e Ob: 143±7 bpm). A reatividade ao estresse mental para pressão arterial sistólica - PAS (Δ2 min) e pressão arterial diastólica - PAD (Δ2 e Δ4 min) foi menor (p< 0,05) no grupo Ob comparado ao grupo E. A reatividade da PAS ao estresse mental foi menor (p< 0,05) pós-exercício em todos os momentos (Δ2 e Δ4 min), independente da obesidade, enquanto a reatividade da PAD ao estresse mental foi menor pós-exercício, apenas no E. A reatividade da PA ao estresse correlacionou-se negativamente com os indicadores de obesidade (r/Rho = - 0,42 a - 0,64), na condição basal, mas não pós-exercício físico. A obesidade embotou a reatividade da PA ao estresse mental em adultos jovens normotensos. O exercício aeróbico agudo de ientesidade moderada reduziu a reatividade da PAS ao estresse mental, independentemente da obesidade, enquanto reduziu a reatividade da PAD ao estresse mental, apenas no E. Em resumo, o exercício físico agudo pode ser um meio de prevenir alterações cardiovasculares.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the positioning of the distal tip of central venous catheters and the factors that contributed to inadequate positioning in patients admitted to intensive care. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 246 medical records of patients admitted to intensive care units. A catheter position analysis form was used as an instrument for data collection. RESULTS: It was seen that 86.2% of catheters used in intensive care were centrally inserted in the internal jugular veins, 74.4% were double-lumen catheter, and ultrasound was employed for puncture technique in 84.6% of cases. Of the distal ends of the catheters, 53.7% were at the cavoatrial junction (correct position). According to statistical tests, there was a positive correlation between the inadequate positioning of the distal extremity with the central insertion catheter (p=0.012). Patients with presumptive diagnosis associated with COVID-19 showed a positive correlation with inappropriate positioning of the catheter distal tip (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: There are extrinsic factors related to improper positioning of the distal tip of catheters, such as the type of catheter used, the patients' diagnosis and the puncture with insertion in the left jugular vein.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Cateteres de Demora , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Veias Jugulares/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Introdução: a leishmaniose, uma doença negligenciada que afeta mais de 200 países, apresenta algumas limitações em seu tratamento, como a possibilidade de efeitos colaterais graves, promovidos pelos medicamentos e o desenvolvimento de variedades de Leishmania com resistência a medicamentação. Visto os problemas apresentados pelos tratamentos atuais, novos medicamentos têm sido pesquisados, dentre eles, os óleos essenciais, que são apontados como um dos mais promissores, pois além de ter origem natural, apresentam bom potencial inibitório e podem estimular o sistema de defesa do organismo contra a Leishmania. Objetivo: abordar a atividade antileishmanial dos óleos essenciais, mais especificamente o potencial inibitório e sua seletividade. Os mecanismos de ação já reportados também são comentados. Resultados: o potencial inibitório dos óleos essenciais (OE) contra a Leishmania é influenciado principalmente pela presença de hidroxila aromática nos componentes isolados os OE, pela forma evolutiva e pela espécie de Leishmania. A seletividade apresenta pelos OE é influenciada pela composição química e pela forma evolutiva da Leishmania. Os principais mecanismos de ação dos OE são a apoptose mitocondrial da Leishmania e, quando na forma amastigota, a estimulação do sistema imune do macrófago infectado. Conclusão: os OE apresentam potencial para aplicação como medicamentos contra a Leishmania, todavia, é necessário considerar a presença de hidroxilas aromáticas em sua composição para melhor aplicabilidade.
SUMMARY Introduction: Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease that affects over 200 countries, has some limitations in its treatment, the main ones being the possibility of severe collecting effects promoted by medicines and the development of Leishmania varieties with resistance to medication. Considering the problems presented by the current treatments, new medicines have been researched, among them, the essential oils are pointed out as one of the most promising, because besides having natural origin, have good inhibitory potential and can stimulate the organism's defense system against Leishmania. Aim: To review addresses the antileishmanial activity of essential oils, more specifically the inhibitory potential and its selectivity. The action mechanisms already reported are also commented. Results: The inhibitory potential of essential oils (OE) against Leishmania is influenced mainly by the presence of aromatic hydroxyl in the OE isolated components, by the evolutionary form and by the species of Leishmania. The selectivity presented by the OE is influenced by the chemical composition and the evolutionary form of Leishmania. The main mechanisms of action of OE are mitochondrial apoptosis of Leishmania and, when in amastigote form, stimulation of the immune system of infected macrophage. Conclusion: The OE have the potential to be applied as drugs against Leishmania, however, it is necessary to consider the presence of aromatic hydroxyls in their composition for better applicability.
Introducción: la leishmaniosis, una enfermedad desatendida que afecta a más de 200 países, tiene algunas limitaciones en su tratamiento. Entre estos, la posibilidad de efectos secundarios graves, promovidos por fármacos y el desarrollo de variedades de Leishmania con resistencia a la medicación. Dado que existen problemas que presentan los tratamientos actuales, se han investigado nuevos fármacos, entre ellos, los aceites esenciales, los cuales se señalan como uno de los más prometedores, pues además de tener un origen natural, tienen un buen potencial inhibitorio y pueden estimular el sistema de defensa contra Leishmania. Objetivo: abordar la actividad antileishmanial de los aceites esenciales, más específicamente el potencial inhibitorio y su selectividad. También se comentan los mecanismos de acción ya reportados. Resultados: el potencial inhibitorio de los aceites esenciales (OE) contra la Leishmania está influenciado principalmente por la presencia de hidroxilo aromático en los componentes aislados de los OE, por la forma evolutiva y por la especie de Leishmania. La selectividad presenta por los OE es influenciada por la composición química y por la forma evolutiva de la Leishmania. Los principales mecanismos de acción de los OE son la apoptosis mitocondrial de la Leishmania y, cuando en forma amastigota, la estimulación del sistema inmune del macrófago infectado. Conclusión: los OE presentan potencial para aplicación como medicamentos contra la Leishmania, sin embargo, es necesario considerar la presencia de hidroxilas aromáticas en su composición para mejor aplicabilidad.
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The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, viruses and tumors is a serious threat to public health. Among natural peptides, indolicidin, a 13-residue peptide belonging to the cathelicidin family, deserves special attention. Indolicidin has a broad spectrum of biological activity and is active against a wide range of targets, such as bacteria (Gram+ and Gram-), fungi and viruses. Here, we review the most important features of the biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of indolicidin and its analogs. Although not yet approved for commercialization, this peptide has great potential to be applied in different areas, including the medical, biomedical, food industry and other unexplored areas. To achieve this goal, a multidisciplinary team of researchers must work together to fine tune peptides that overall lead to novel analogs and formulations to combat existing and possibly future diseases.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/genética , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Catelicidinas/genética , Catelicidinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate formulations of 1 % silver (Ag) nanoparticles for treating traumatic lesions induced in the oral mucosa of rats, because these lesions are commonly observed in the dental clinic, and their therapeutic forms are scarce. METHODS: Wistar rats were punch-injured (two circular fragments, 4.0 mm in diameter) in the oral mucosa (one on each side), and were treated topically (twice per week) with the treatments/groups including: no injury, control, vehicle, diluted Ag, soluble Ag, and solid Ag. On the 2nd, 7th, and 14th days postinjury, biopsies were collected for immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. RESULTS: The group diluted Ag revealed a higher level of inflammatory infiltrate on the 2nd day, whereas solid Ag presented lower levels. The Ag solid group presented higher IL-1ß on the 2nd day and increased IL-10 and TGF-ß1 throughout the follow-up. Moreover, all three Ag groups presented lower levels of oxidative stress markers and, on the 7th day, the diluted Ag and solid Ag groups revealed higher antioxidants. Diluted Ag and soluble Ag groups presented greater blood vessels proliferation, whereas soluble Ag and solid Ag groups revealed greater VEGF on the 2nd and 14th days. Furthermore, all three Ag groups were highlighted during fibroplasia, although collagenesis was similar to that observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although diluted Ag was noticeable for its important angiogenesis and fibroplasia, solid Ag was the most suitable formulation in healing oral lesions as it efficiently controlled inflammation and oxidative stress, thus favoring angiogenesis and tissue formation.
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Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prata , Animais , Mucosa Bucal , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study assesses whether the specific duties of a police officer or aerobic fitness influences blood pressure (BP) and cardiac autonomic modulation. METHOD: Police officers (n = 161) were divided into administrative and operational (34.72 ± 5.98 vs. 33.95 ± 5.61 years old) groups, and subsequently divided into lower and higher aerobic fitness (35.49 ± 4.32 vs. 45.39 ± 13.10 mL·kg-1·min-1). RESULTS: Higher SBP (125 ± 10 vs. 121 ± 10 mmHg; P = 0.02) and aerobic fitness (42.10 ± 5.57 vs. 38.51 ± 6.67 mL·kg-1·min-1; P < 0.01) were observed in the operational group. On the other hand, lower obesity indicators and higher heart rate variability (HRV) indices (SD1: 26.67 ± 14.19 vs. 20.98 ± 9.12; SD2: 54.04 ± 19.81 vs. 47.32 ± 18.85; RMSSD: 36.50 ± 18.78 vs. 29.90 ± 12.51; SDNN: 42.80 ± 16.05 vs. 36.85 ± 14.23 ms; pNN50: 17.32 ± 17.54 vs. 10.60 ± 10.77 %) were observed in the higher aerobic fitness group (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: In summary, although the operational occupation had shown a negative influence on SBP, the HRV was not impaired in police officers. Additionally, aerobic fitness was related to differences in obesity indicators and HRV regardless of police duties. Our findings encourage the inclusion of BP and HRV measurements in routine health checks to screen for early hypertension and autonomic dysfunction.
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Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Polícia , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Coração , Frequência Cardíaca , HumanosRESUMO
abstract It is known that cardiovascular risk is increased during exercise and recovery. Thus, it is necessary to assess all the risk associated with exercise to minimize the possibility of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to verify whether a maximal exercise alters ambulatory cardiac autonomic modulation in untrained women and whether aerobic fitness is correlated to cardiac autonomic modulation. Twelve women (25.35 ± 5.44 years) were outfitted with the Holter monitor on an experimental (after maximum exercise) and a control day to heart rate variability (HRV) evaluation. Maximal exercise increased 24 h heart rate (82 ± 14 vs 77 ± 11 bpm; p = 0.04) and during sleep time (72 ± 14 vs. 65 ± 9 bpm; p = 0.01), reduced parasympathetic modulation (HF - n.u. 49.96 ± 11.56 vs 42.10 ± 14.98; p = 0.04), and increased low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (2.88 ± 3.24 vs 1.31 ± 0.60; p = 0.03) during sleep time compared to the control day. Aerobic fitness was correlated positively with LF, HF, and HF (n.u.) indices (r = 0.61 to 0.73, p < 0.05) and correlated negatively with LF (n.u.) and LF/HF ratio (Rho = - 0.57 to - 0.69; p < 0.05). Maximal exercise alters parasympathetic modulation during sleep time in untrained women. Ambulatory cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise is related to aerobic fitness.
resumo Sabe-se que o risco cardiovascular aumenta durante o exercício e sua recuperação. Assim, é necessário avaliar todo o risco associado ao exercício para minimizar a chance de eventos cardiovasculares. Objetivou-se verificar se um exercício máximo altera a modulação autonômica cardíaca ambulatorial em mulheres não treinadas e se a aptidão aeróbia está correlacionada à modulação autonômica cardíaca. Doze mulheres (25,35 ± 5,44 anos) foram equipadas com monitor Holter em um dia experimental (após exercício máximo) e dia controle para avaliação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). O exercício máximo aumentou a frequência cardíaca de 24 h (82 ± 14 vs 77 ± 11 bpm; p = 0,04) e durante o sono (72 ± 14 vs 65 ± 9 bpm; p = 0,01), bem como reduziu a modulação parassimpática (HF - nu 49,96 ± 11,56 vs 42,10 ± 14,98; p = 0,04) e aumentou a razão de baixa frequência / alta frequência - LF/HF (2,88 ± 3,24 vs 1,31 ± 0,60; p = 0,03) durante o período do sono em comparação com o dia controle. A aptidão aeróbia foi correlacionada positivamente com os índices LF, HF e HF (nu) (r = 0,61 a 0,73, p <0,05) e negativamente correlacionada com LF (nu) e razão LF / HF (Rho = - 0,57 a - 0,69; p <0,05). O exercício máximo altera a modulação parassimpática durante o sono em mulheres não treinadas. A modulação autonômica cardíaca ambulatorial após o exercício foi correlacionada com a aptidão aeróbia.
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OBJECTIVES: In contrast to spirometry, which requires active participation of the individual and is challenging for the preschool age group, the impulse oscillometry system comprises a test that minimizes the degree of coordination required. The study aimed to compare the results of Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) in children with and without respiratory symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged between 3 and 6 years. A short version of the ATS-DLD-78-C questionnaire validated for Brazilian children was applied to identify two groups: children with and without respiratory symptoms. The IOS analysis was carried out measuring the following parameters in triplicate: resistance at 5 Hz (R5Hz) and 20 Hz (R20Hz), respiratory reactance at 5 Hz (X5Hz), and R5-R20Hz before and after bronchodilator application. RESULTS: A total of 76 preschoolers were selected, 55 (72.4%) of whom had respiratory complaints. The coefficient of variability of R5Hz was ≤17% in 70/76 (92.1%) of the children. Resistances at R5Hz and R5-R20Hz in the children with respiratory complaints reached values higher than those of children without symptoms before bronchodilation. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained for resistance using IOS in children with respiratory symptoms were higher in the pre-bronchodilator examination for R5Hz and R5-R20Hz compared to those of children without respiratory symptoms. EXPERT OPINION: Prospective investigations suggest that irreversible changes in lung function begin in infancy, before reaching school age. Pulmonary function follow-up in children with recurrent wheezing or asthma is important for confirmation of diagnosis and evaluation of the disease severity. The Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) can be useful in assessing children's pulmonary function since it requires minimal patient cooperation and can be successfully applied to preschool children being an alternative to individuals who have difficulty performing spirometry.
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Oscilometria/métodos , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Fatores Etários , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/patologia , Brasil , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Respiratórias/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , EspirometriaRESUMO
We have investigated Amblyomin-X-treated horse melanomas to better understand its mode of action through transcriptome analysis and the in vivo model. Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type homologous protein that selectively leads to the death of tumor cells via ER stress and apoptosis, currently under investigation as a new drug candidate for cancer treatment. Melanomas are immunogenic tumors, and a better understanding of the immune responses is warranted. Equine melanomas are spontaneous and not so aggressive as human melanomas are, as this study shows that the in vivo treatment of encapsulated horse melanoma tumors led to a significant reduction in the tumor size or even the complete disappearance of the tumor mass through intratumoral injections of Amblyomin-X. Transcriptome analysis identified ER- and mitochondria-stress, modulation of the innate immune system, apoptosis, and possibly immunogenic cell death activation. Interactome analysis showed that Amblyomin-X potentially interacts with key elements found in transcriptomics. Taken together, Amblyomin-X modulated the tumor immune microenvironment in different ways, at least contributing to induce tumor cell death.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Artrópodes/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/veterinária , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/uso terapêutico , Animais , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas , Cavalos , Masculino , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To analyze whether heart rate variability is reproducible after maximal exercise, 11 men (22.1±3.2 years) performed four incremental exercise tests followed by passive or active recovery. There was high reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation: 0.72-0.96) and fair-to-excellent agreement (coefficient of variation: 7.81-22.09%) in passive recovery, as well as moderate-to-high reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation: 0.50-0.87) and good agreement (coefficient of variation: 11.08-20.89%) in active recovery for LnRMSSD index. There was moderate-to-high reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation: 0.51-0.81) and good agreement (coefficient of variation: 10.41-18.87%) in most of the analyzed time points, in both recovery types for LnSDNN. In both types of recovery, the time domain heart rate variability 5-10 min indices (passive: intraclass coefficient correlation : 0.87-0.88; coefficient of variation: 7.67-13.44%; active: intraclass coefficient correlation 0.59-0.80; coefficient of variation: 14.62-16.26%) presented higher intraclass coefficient correlation and lower coefficient of variation than the spectral heart rate variability indices (passive: intraclass coefficient correlation: 0.71-0.87; coefficient of variation: 12.33-34.21%; active: intraclass coefficient correlation: 0.46-0.77; coefficient of variation: 24.41-105.12%). The LnRMSSD and LnSDNN indices analyzed in 30 s segments and the heart rate variability 5-10 min indices after maximal exercise in untrained healthy men showed satisfactory reproducibility, regardless of the type of recovery, with the time-domain indices showing higher reproducibility than the frequency-domain indices.
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Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço , Coração/inervação , Humanos , Masculino , Sistema Nervoso Parassimpático/fisiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We have investigated Amblyomin-X-treated horse melanomas to better understand its mode of action through transcriptome analysis and the in vivo model. Amblyomin-X is a Kunitz-type homologous protein that selectively leads to the death of tumor cells via ER stress and apoptosis, currently under investigation as a new drug candidate for cancer treatment. Melanomas are immunogenic tumors, and a better understanding of the immune responses is warranted. Equine melanomas are spontaneous and not so aggressive as human melanomas are, as this study shows that the in vivo treatment of encapsulated horse melanoma tumors led to a significant reduction in the tumor size or even the complete disappearance of the tumor mass through intratumoral injections of Amblyomin-X. Transcriptome analysis identified ER- and mitochondria-stress, modulation of the innate immune system, apoptosis, and possibly immunogenic cell death activation. Interactome analysis showed that Amblyomin-X potentially interacts with key elements found in transcriptomics. Taken together, Amblyomin-X modulated the tumor immune microenvironment in different ways, at least contributing to induce tumor cell death.
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This study aimed to analyze both influence of aerobic fitness and active recovery in heart rate (HR) reduction after maximum exercise (i.e. maximum incremental test) in untrained young women. Seventeen women were evaluated (23.88 ± 4.85 years), divided by the medium of peak of consumption of oxygen (30.80 mL. kg-1.min-1), in higher or lower aerobic fitness obtained during a maximum incremental test performed on a cycle ergometer. The post-exercise recovery was performed actively and passively, on two randomly non-consecutive days. It was noticed that HR at 6th and from the 6th to 10th min after the passive and active recovery, respectively, was lower in the higher aerobic fitness group, beyond that, the values of %HR reduction from the 6th to 10th min at 6th min after passive and active recovery, respectively, were higher in the higher aerobic fitness group. After active recovery, HR in 8th and 9th min and %HR reduction of the 8th to 10th min were lower and higher, respectively (p<0.05) than passive recovery in the lower aerobic fitness group. In short, the aerobic fitness influenced HR reduction after maximum exercise in untrained young women, mainly, after passive recovery. Besides that, the active recovery showed benefits in HR reduction in lower aerobic fitness group....(AU)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da aptidão aeróbia e recuperação ativa na redução da frequência cardíaca (FC) após o exercício máximo (teste incremental máximo) em mulheres jovens não treinadas. Foram avaliadas dezessete mulheres jovens (23,88 ± 4,85 anos), divididas pela mediana do consumo pico de oxigênio (30,80 mLâkg-1 âmin-1 ), em maior ou menor aptidão aeróbia obtida durante um teste incremental máximo. A recuperação pós-exercício foi realizada de forma ativa e passiva, em dois dias experimentais randomizados e não consecutivos. Foi observado que, a FC foi menor no grupo de maior aptidão aeróbia no 6º min após a recuperação passiva e do 6º ao 10º min após a recuperação ativa, além disso, os valores do percentual de redução da FC foram maiores no grupo de maior aptidão aeróbia do 6º ao 10º min e no 6º min após a recuperação passiva e ativa, respectivamente. Após a recuperação ativa, a FC no 8º e 9º min e o percentual de redução da FC do 8º ao 10º min foram menores e maiores, respectivamente (p <0,05) do que após a recuperação passiva no grupo com menor aptidão aeróbia. Em suma, a aptidão aeróbia influenciou na redução da FC pós-exercício máximo em mulheres jovens não treinadas, principalmente após a recuperação passiva. Além disso, a recuperação ativa auxiliou na redução da FC no grupo com menor aptidão aeróbia....(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Aptidão , Aerobiose , Frequência Cardíaca , Educação Física e TreinamentoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) by different HRV indexes and determination criteria. 68 untrained participants, 17 women (24.09±4.91 years old; 21.54±1.97 kgâm-2) and 51 men (24.52±3.52 years old; 26.51±6.31 kgâm-2), were evaluated on 2 different days (test and retest). The HRVT was determined during an incremental exercise test using 2 indexes (SD1 and RMSSD) and criteria (HRTV1, first intensity of physical effort with index<3 ms, and HRVT2, first intensity of physical effort, in which the index presents a difference<1 ms between 2 consecutive intensities). There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the test and retest for any of the variables evaluated. All variables, except for the rate of perceived exertion at HRVT2, presented moderate to high intraclass correlation coefficient (HRVT1: 0.55-0.85 and HRVT2:0.58-0.69). All variables at HRVT1 and the heart rate at HRVT2 showed coefficient of variation ~ 10%. The HRVT, regardless of criteria and HRV index used, showed satisfactory reproducibility. Thus, these criteria can be used to assess clinically autonomic cardiac modulation and aerobic capacity, and to analyze the effect of different interventions.
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Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Esforço Físico , Adulto , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obesity triggers alterations in hemodynamic and autonomic control. There are few studies that investigate the effects of overweight and obesity in early adulthood on hemodynamic and autonomic variables. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether overweight and obesity in young individuals cause alterations in hemodynamic parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) in supine and seated position, and to correlate these variables with anthropometric features. METHODS: Measurements were performed in 40 young untrained male study participants. The subjects were eutrophic (22.8 ± 0.3 kg/m2, N = 19), overweight (27.0 ± 0.5 kg/m2, N = 10), and obese (33.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2, N = 11). After 5 min in supine and seated position, the R-R intervals and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. RESULTS: The systolic blood pressure were higher in overweight (supine, 122.9 ± 2.3 mmHg) and obese (supine, 123.9 ± 2.2; seated, 121.7 ± 2.3 mmHg) individuals compared to eutrophic individuals (supine, 111.8 ± 1.64; seated, 111.3 ± 1.8 mmHg) (p ⩽ 0.05). Obese subjects exhibited lower HRV (SD1, RMSSD, pNN50) compared to eutrophic individuals when seated. In obese subjects, the heart rate (HR) increased and HRV decreased (p ≤ 0.05) when seated versus supine position. The body mass, body mass index (BMI), and waist and abdominal circumferences correlated positively with BP (r = 0.40-0.64, p ≤ 0.05), while the BMI, waist circumference, BP, and HR were negatively correlated (r = -0.32 -0.62, p ≤ 0.05) with HRV (pNN50 and HF) in both body positions. BMI, waist circumference, BP and HR correlated negat- ively with additional HRV indices (SD1, SD2, RMSSD, TP, and LF) when seated. CONCLUSIONS: Obese and overweight individuals presented higher SBP, and obese individuals had lower HRV and cardiac vagal activity, associated with anthropometric variables. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: The monitoring of HRV in obese subjects in seated position allows improved prognosis of metabolic consequences to cardiac autonomic control.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Lectinas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Alelos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Razão de Chances , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto Jovem , FicolinasRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, in physical exercise and in the recovery in untrained eutrophic (E) and overweight (O) youth. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic BP-SBP (E: 109.80 ± 10.05; O: 121.85 ± 6.98 mmHg) and diastolic BP - DBP (E: 65.90 ± 7.28; O: 73.14 ± 12.22 mmHg) were higher in overweight and the heart rate recovery (%HRR) was lower as compared with E volunteers. The BMI was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.65), load on the heart rate variability threshold - HRVT (r= -0.46), %HRR 2' (r= -0.48) and %HRR 5' (r= -0.48), and WC was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.64) and HRR 2' (r= -0.49). The %HRR was associated to SBP, DBP and HRVT. In summary, the anthropometric variables, BP and cardiac autonomic modulation in the recovery are altered in overweight youth.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Frequência Cardíaca , Obesidade , AntropometriaRESUMO
High exploitation of natural stocks and changes in the environment has affected the populations of the native clam Anomalocardia brasiliana, becoming necessary the development of technologies for seeds production in laboratory. Aiming to contribute to the seeds production technology of the native clam A. brasiliana, the density and diet of larval cultivation and time for larviculture was evaluated. In the densities 10 and 30 larvae mL-1 were obtained the better survival of A. brasiliana larvae. Evaluating the larviculture time for settlement, the larvae can be transferred with five days of culture and maintained in the settlement in a density of 25 larvae cm-2. Additionally, bialgais diets with the microalgaes Chaetoceros muelleri and Nannocholopsis oculata, and C. muelleri and Pavlova lutheri showed better growth and survival of A. brasiliana larvae.(AU)
A elevada extração em estoques naturais e as alterações no meio ambiente têm comprometido as populações do molusco de areia Anomalocardia brasiliana, tornando cada vez mais necessário o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a produção de sementes desse bivalve em laboratório. Com o objetivo de contribuir com a tecnologia de produção de sementes do berbigão em ambiente controlado, foram avaliadas a densidade e a dieta no cultivo larval e o tempo de larvicultura de A. brasiliana. Nas densidades de 10 e 30 larvas mL-1 foram obtidos os melhores valores de sobrevivência de larvas de A. brasiliana. Avaliando o tempo de larvicultura para assentamento, conclui-se que as larvas podem ser transferidas com cinco dias de cultivo e mantidas no assentamento na densidade de 25 larvas cm-2. Adicionalmente, larvas de A. brasiliana, alimentadas com dietas bialgais com as microalgas Chaetoceros muelleri e Nannocholopsis oculata e C. muelleri e Pavlova lutheri apresentaram melhores resultados de crescimento e sobrevivência.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bivalves/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Análise de Sobrevida , Cardiidae , Densidade Demográfica , Testes LaboratoriaisRESUMO
High exploitation of natural stocks and changes in the environment has affected the populations of the native clam Anomalocardia brasiliana, becoming necessary the development of technologies for seeds production in laboratory. Aiming to contribute to the seeds production technology of the native clam A. brasiliana, the density and diet of larval cultivation and time for larviculture was evaluated. In the densities 10 and 30 larvae mL-1 were obtained the better survival of A. brasiliana larvae. Evaluating the larviculture time for settlement, the larvae can be transferred with five days of culture and maintained in the settlement in a density of 25 larvae cm-2. Additionally, bialgais diets with the microalgaes Chaetoceros muelleri and Nannocholopsis oculata, and C. muelleri and Pavlova lutheri showed better growth and survival of A. brasiliana larvae.
A elevada extração em estoques naturais e as alterações no meio ambiente têm comprometido as populações do molusco de areia Anomalocardia brasiliana, tornando cada vez mais necessário o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a produção de sementes desse bivalve em laboratório. Com o objetivo de contribuir com a tecnologia de produção de sementes do berbigão em ambiente controlado, foram avaliadas a densidade e a dieta no cultivo larval e o tempo de larvicultura de A. brasiliana. Nas densidades de 10 e 30 larvas mL-1 foram obtidos os melhores valores de sobrevivência de larvas de A. brasiliana. Avaliando o tempo de larvicultura para assentamento, conclui-se que as larvas podem ser transferidas com cinco dias de cultivo e mantidas no assentamento na densidade de 25 larvas cm-2. Adicionalmente, larvas de A. brasiliana, alimentadas com dietas bialgais com as microalgas Chaetoceros muelleri e Nannocholopsis oculata e C. muelleri e Pavlova lutheri apresentaram melhores resultados de crescimento e sobrevivência.