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The prevalence of gastric disorders in high-performance horses, especially gastric ulceration, ranges from 50 to 90%. These pathological conditions have negative impacts on athletic performance and health. This study was designed to evaluate changes in gastric pH during a 24 h period and to compare gastrin concentrations at different time points in horses undergoing general inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency. Twenty-two mixed-breed mares weighing 400 ± 50 kg and aged 8 ± 2 years were used. Of these, eight were fasted for 8 h and submitted to 90 min of general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. Gastric juice samples were collected prior to anesthesia (T0), and then at 15 min intervals during anesthesia (T15-T90). After recovery from anesthesia (45 ± 1 min), samples were collected every hour for 24 h (T1 to T24) for gastric juice pH measurement. During this period, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water and were fed a commercial concentrate twice (T4 and T16). In a second group (control), four non-anesthetized mares were submitted to 8 h of fasting followed by nasogastric intubation. Gastric juice samples were then collected at T0, T15, T30, T45, T60, T75, and T90. During this period, mares did not receive food or water. After 45 min, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, and gastric juice samples were collected every hour for four hours (T1 to T4). In a third group comprising ten non-fasted, non-anesthetized mares with free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, gastric juice samples were collected 30 min after concentrate intake (T0). In anesthetized mares, blood gastrin levels were measured prior to anesthesia (8 h fasting; baseline), during recovery from anesthesia, and 4 months after the anesthetic procedure, 90 min after the morning meal. Mean values of gastric juice pH remained acidic during general anesthesia. Mean pH values were within the physiological range (4.52 ± 1.69) and did not differ significantly between time points (T15-T90; p > 0.05). After recovery from anesthesia, mean gastric pH values increased and remained in the alkaline range throughout the 24 h period of evaluation. Significant differences were observed between T0 (4.88 ± 2.38), T5 (7.08 ± 0.89), T8 (7.43 ± 0.22), T9 (7.28 ± 0.36), T11 (7.26 ± 0.71), T13 (6.74 ± 0.90), and T17 (6.94 ± 1.04) (p < 0.05). The mean gastric juice pH ranged from weakly acidic to neutral or weakly alkaline in all groups, regardless of food and water intake (i.e., in the fasted, non-fasted, and fed states). Mean gastric pH measured in the control group did not differ from values measured during the 24 h post-anesthesia period or in the non-fasted group. Gastrin concentrations increased significantly during the post-anesthetic period compared to baseline (20.15 ± 7.65 pg/mL and 15.15 ± 3.82 pg/mL respectively; p < 0.05). General inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency did not affect gastric juice pH, which remained acidic and within the physiological range. Gastric juice pH was weakly alkaline after recovery from anesthesia and in the fasted and fed states. Serum gastrin levels increased in response to general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency and were not influenced by fasting. Preventive pharmacological measures are not required in horses submitted to general anesthesia and dorsal recumbency.

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ß-glucan is part of the cell wall of fungi and yeasts and has been known for decades to have immunomodulating effects on boosting immunity against various infections as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is able to modify biological responses. ß-glucan has been used in rat models and in vitro studies involving sepsis and SIRS with good results, but this supplement has not been evaluated in the treatment of endotoxemia in horses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of preventive supplementation with ß-glucan in horses submitted to endotoxemia by means of inflammatory response modulation. Eight healthy horses, both male and female, aged 18 ± 3 months, weighing 300 ± 100 kg of mixed breed, were randomly assigned to two groups of four animals, both of which were subjected to the induction of endotoxemia via the intravenous administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharides (0.1 µg/kg). For 30 days before the induction of endotoxemia, horses in the ß-glucan group (GB) received 10 mg/kg/day of ß-glucan orally, and horses in the control group (GC) received 10 mg/kg/day of 0.9% sodium chloride orally. The horses were submitted to physical exams, including a hematological, serum biochemistry, and peritoneal fluid evaluation, and the serum quantification of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. For statistical analysis, the normality of residues and homogeneity of variances were verified; then, the variables were analyzed as repeated measures over time, checking the effect of treatment, time, and the interaction between time and treatment. Finally, the averages were compared using Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. Horses from both experimental groups presented clinical signs and hematological changes in endotoxemia, including an increase in heart rate and body temperature, neutrophilic leukopenia, an increase in serum bilirubin, glucose, lactate, and an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Hepatic and renal function were not compromised by ß-glucan supplementation. GB presented higher mean values of the serum total protein, globulins, and IL-8 compared to that observed in GC. In the peritoneal fluid, horses from GB presented a lower mean concentration of neutrophils and a higher mean concentration of macrophages compared to the GC. It was concluded that preventive supplementation of ß-glucan for thirty days modulated the immune response, as evidenced by increasing serum total proteins, globulins, IL-8, and changes in the type of peritoneal inflammatory cells, without effectively attenuating clinical signs of endotoxemia in horses. Considering the safety of ß-glucan in this study, the results suggest the potential clinical implication of ß-glucan for prophylactic use in horse endotoxemia.

RESUMO

Percutaneous decompression of the cecum is a procedure that could be considered for horses with cecal gas distension. The aim of this study was to identify complications such as peritonitis and clinically relevant peritonitis (CRP) after transabdominal cecal trocarization in healthy horses using a cattle trocar and a cecal needle. Mixed breed horses were assigned to three groups (n = 6): horses that underwent trocarization with a cecal needle (G1) or a cattle trocar (G2), and a control group (CG) without cecal trocarization. The same horses were used in each group, respecting a three-month washout period between studies. A physical examination, serial blood, and peritoneal fluid sampling were performed, prior to cecal trocarization and 2, 6 and 12 hours after the first collection and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after the procedure. Acute-phase proteins in blood and peritoneal fluid were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Horses with a high cell count in the peritoneal fluid (i.e., 10,000 cells/µl) were considered to have peritonitis and CRP if they met at least two of the following clinical criteria: anorexia, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, ileus, abnormal oral mucous membrane color, abnormal white blood cells count, or high blood fibrinogen concentration (> 5 g/L). All horses recovered from cecal trocarization and abdominocentesis with no major complications. Cecal trocarization caused cytologic evidence of peritonitis in G1 and G2 during the 14 days of evaluation. CRP was not observed, although a decrease in cecal motility was observed in G1 and G2 during the experimental period and three horses, one from G1 and two from G2, showed a single moment of fever. None of the groups showed leukopenia or leukocytosis, although blood neutrophil count decreased at D7 and D14 in G1 and at D14 in G2 (p ≤ 0.05). After cecal trocarization, an increase in the total nucleated cells count, total proteins, globulins, alkaline phosphatase and acute phase proteins were observed in the peritoneal fluid of G1 and G2 during the 14 days of evaluation (p ≤ 0.05), without causing clinically relevant peritonitis. Transcutaneous cecal trocarization promotes peritonitis, which is more intense with a cattle trocar than with a cecal needle. The cecal needle should be considered for cecal trocarization of horses with cecal tympany.

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Background: Equines are routinely subjected to enucleation due to palpebral tumors. Blepharoplasties in horses, especially in the lower eyelid, are rarely performed due to the difficulty of sliding once the tissue around the eyes presents low mobility. Defects involving more than 50% of the lower eyelid is considered challenging after tumor removal. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most reported neoplasm in horses, being very common in regions of the lower eyelid, third eyelid, sclera and or cornea. The aim of this study is to present the Destro VY skin advancement flap as a blepharoplasty technique performed after surgical excision of a SCC, with total commitment of the lower eyelid, completely covering the right eye of a mare. Case: A 8-year-old mare Paint Horse, weighing 420 kg, was referred for evaluation of tumor tissue of 6.0 x 4.0 x 2.0 cm, with nodular and ulcerated appearance, involving the right lower eyelid, in its total extension and completely covering the eye, without adhering to it. Considering the initial suspicion of SCC, the treatment strategy performed was surgical eyelid excision and maintenance of the eye, followed by blepharoplasty as an attempt to reconstruct the eyelid. Under general inhalation anesthesia, the animal was placed in left lateral recumbency, when the surgical region was prepared and local anesthetic block was performed. After antisepsis, a skin incision was made circumscribing the tumor, respecting a margin of 10 mm apart and excision of all visible tumor tissue was performed followed by intralesional ozone therapy. Blepharoplasty was performed to cover the portions of the exposed lacrimal and zygomatic bones, as well as correction of the eyelid aesthetics. For this, Destro VY skin advancement flap was performed for reconstruction of the lower eyelid. An incision of approximately 7 cm in Vshaped skin was performed, and the subcutaneous tissue under the V was dissected, maintaining a central pedicle, responsible for the vascularization of the flap, which was slid, approximately 20 mm, towards the eye. After obtaining the desired skin approximation, Y-suture was performed, covering the exposed bone and reconstructing the lower eyelid. In the postoperative period, local instillation of mitomycin eye drops and systemic meloxicam administration were instituted. The mare had her vision restored, presenting satisfactory morpho functional and aesthetic results and no tumor recurrence during 1-year of follow-up. Discussion: The repair of lower eyelid imperfections is challenging, especially when they have large defects, and there are no reports of performing the Destro VY skin advancement flap technique in horses for lower eyelid reconstruction. In this case, the importance of the blepharoplasty technique is emphasized, avoiding enucleation, preserving horse's vision and aesthetics. In addition, aiming to avoid tumor recurrence, especially if surgical safety margins can not be achieved, other complementary treatments should be associated, including intralesional ozone therapy, mitomycin, an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug, and meloxicam, a COX-2 selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, as performed in this study. It is concluded that the use of the Destro VY skin advancement flap technique for reconstruction of the external lamella in cases of SCC in the lower eyelid of horses is a feasible technique, which preserves the animal's vision, as well as aesthetics. The safety margin in the surgical excision of the SCC and the association of complementary therapies in the resolution of the condition are important points also to be considered.

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Background: Obstructive urinary tract disease in horses is a rare and low prevalence pathology in the species, but potentially severe. It is an emergency condition that presents variable clinical signs and depends on the anatomical locationof the obstruction. The bladder calculus are the most common followed by the urethra and less commonly seen are thekidney or ureteral. The main crystalloid component of uroliths in horses is calcium carbonate. The higher prevalence ofurolithiasis in male horses is justified by some anatomical differences between genders. The urethra of males is narrowerand longer than that of females. The tissue injury is the most important factor for the development of uroliths in horses.Desquamation of epithelial cells, presence of leukocyte and necrotic cell debris are relevant contributors to crystal growth.Urinary stasis favors nucleation by increasing the chance of contact between crystalloid material and urinary epithelium.Once crystal growth has begun, the urine alkalinity of the equines favors the crystallization and further deposition of othercomponents, especially calcium carbonate. Typical clinical signs of urolithiasis include tenesmus, dysuria, strangury andpolaquiuria. Hematuria is often present, mainly observed after exercise and at the end of urination. In addition signs ofcolic are quite frequent in the acute bladder and urethral urolithiasis due to bladder distension. Upper urinary tract surgerymay be technically challenging due to limited structural exposure, especially in adult horses The prognosis for horses withurolithiasis depends on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal injury that occurred.Case: This report aims to describe a rare case of obstructive urolithiasis in a 8-year-old castrated male horse with 24 hevolution. The horse was expressing signs of abdominal pain and during the transretal examination through palpation...(AU)

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Background: Obstructive urinary tract disease in horses is a rare and low prevalence pathology in the species, but potentially severe. It is an emergency condition that presents variable clinical signs and depends on the anatomical locationof the obstruction. The bladder calculus are the most common followed by the urethra and less commonly seen are thekidney or ureteral. The main crystalloid component of uroliths in horses is calcium carbonate. The higher prevalence ofurolithiasis in male horses is justified by some anatomical differences between genders. The urethra of males is narrowerand longer than that of females. The tissue injury is the most important factor for the development of uroliths in horses.Desquamation of epithelial cells, presence of leukocyte and necrotic cell debris are relevant contributors to crystal growth.Urinary stasis favors nucleation by increasing the chance of contact between crystalloid material and urinary epithelium.Once crystal growth has begun, the urine alkalinity of the equines favors the crystallization and further deposition of othercomponents, especially calcium carbonate. Typical clinical signs of urolithiasis include tenesmus, dysuria, strangury andpolaquiuria. Hematuria is often present, mainly observed after exercise and at the end of urination. In addition signs ofcolic are quite frequent in the acute bladder and urethral urolithiasis due to bladder distension. Upper urinary tract surgerymay be technically challenging due to limited structural exposure, especially in adult horses The prognosis for horses withurolithiasis depends on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal injury that occurred.Case: This report aims to describe a rare case of obstructive urolithiasis in a 8-year-old castrated male horse with 24 hevolution. The horse was expressing signs of abdominal pain and during the transretal examination through palpation...

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O encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equinos é observado em 2-10% das cólicas encaminhadas para a cirurgia, causando um comprometimento vascular que pode levar a necessidade de ressecção do segmento de alça intestinal afetado ou, até mesmo, eutanásia do animal. Um equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de idade, da raça Mangalarga foi admitido com sinais de cólica, que tinha duração de 24 horas. Após os exames pertinentes, foi indicada a cirurgia, a qual foi negada pelo proprietário. Após tentativa de manutenção da vida do animal, foi indicada a eutanásia, sendo diagnosticado encarceramento de íleo no forame epiplóico na necropsia. Foi avaliado que o animal possuiria um bom prognóstico caso a laparotomia fosse realizada.(AU)

The epiploic incarceration in horses is observed in 2-10% of the cramps referred for surgery, causing vascular impairment that may lead to the need for resection of the affected intestinal segment or even euthanasia of the animal. A horse, 400 kg, male, 5-year-old, Mangalarga was admitted with signs of colic, which lasted 24 hours. After the pertinent examinations, the surgery was indicated, which was denied by the owner. After trying to maintain the life of the animal, euthanasia was indicated, being diagnosed incarceration of ileus in the epiploic foramen at necropsy. It was evaluated that the animal would have a good prognosis if the laparotomy was performed.(AU)

El encarcelamiento en foramen epiplóico en equinos se observa en el 2-10% de los cólicos derivados a la cirugía, generando un compromiso vascular que puede llevar a la necesidad de resección del segmiento de las asas intestinales afectadas o, y incluso, la eutanasia del animal. Un equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de edad, de la raza Mangalarga fue admitido con seriales de cólico, que tenía una duración de 24 horas. Después de los exámenes pertinentes, fue indicada la cirugía, la cual fue negada por el propietario. Después de un intento de mantenimiento de la vida del animal, fue indicada la eutanasia, siendo diagnosticado encarcelamiento de íleo en el foramen epiplóico en la necropsia. Se evaluó que el animal tendría un buen pronóstico si se realizaba la laparotomía.(AU)

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O encarceramento em forame epiplóico em equinos é observado em 2-10% das cólicas encaminhadas para a cirurgia, causando um comprometimento vascular que pode levar a necessidade de ressecção do segmento de alça intestinal afetado ou, até mesmo, eutanásia do animal. Um equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de idade, da raça Mangalarga foi admitido com sinais de cólica, que tinha duração de 24 horas. Após os exames pertinentes, foi indicada a cirurgia, a qual foi negada pelo proprietário. Após tentativa de manutenção da vida do animal, foi indicada a eutanásia, sendo diagnosticado encarceramento de íleo no forame epiplóico na necropsia. Foi avaliado que o animal possuiria um bom prognóstico caso a laparotomia fosse realizada.

The epiploic incarceration in horses is observed in 2-10% of the cramps referred for surgery, causing vascular impairment that may lead to the need for resection of the affected intestinal segment or even euthanasia of the animal. A horse, 400 kg, male, 5-year-old, Mangalarga was admitted with signs of colic, which lasted 24 hours. After the pertinent examinations, the surgery was indicated, which was denied by the owner. After trying to maintain the life of the animal, euthanasia was indicated, being diagnosed incarceration of ileus in the epiploic foramen at necropsy. It was evaluated that the animal would have a good prognosis if the laparotomy was performed.

El encarcelamiento en foramen epiplóico en equinos se observa en el 2-10% de los cólicos derivados a la cirugía, generando un compromiso vascular que puede llevar a la necesidad de resección del segmiento de las asas intestinales afectadas o, y incluso, la eutanasia del animal. Un equino, macho, castrado, 400 kg, 5 anos de edad, de la raza Mangalarga fue admitido con seriales de cólico, que tenía una duración de 24 horas. Después de los exámenes pertinentes, fue indicada la cirugía, la cual fue negada por el propietario. Después de un intento de mantenimiento de la vida del animal, fue indicada la eutanasia, siendo diagnosticado encarcelamiento de íleo en el foramen epiplóico en la necropsia. Se evaluó que el animal tendría un buen pronóstico si se realizaba la laparotomía.

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O sarcoide é o tumor de pele de maior ocorrência em equinos podendo gerar comprometimento à saúde e bem-estar do animal. Sua etiologia é ainda indefinida e seu caráter muitas vezes invasivo dificulta a resolução da enfermidade com um tratamento eficaz. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um equino, fêmea, da raça Appaloosa, 5 anos de idade, que apresentava sarcoide em região ventral ao pavilhão auricular direito, que foi tratado com excisão cirúrgica, implante autólogo, aciclovir e óleo de girassol ozonizado obtendo cicatrização total e ausência de recidiva.(AU)

The sarcoid is the most common skin tumor in equines and can generate compromise to the health and well-being of the animal. Its etiology is still undefined and its invasive character makes it difficult to resolve the disease with an effective treatment. The objective of this study is to report the case of a 5-year-old female Appaloosa horse that had a sarcoid below the right auricle, which was treated with surgical excision, autologous implant, acyclovir and ozonized sunflower oil, obtaining total healing and absence of recurrence.(AU)

El sarcoide es el tumor de piel de mayor ocurrencia en equinos pudiendo generar comprometimiento a la salud y bienestar del animal. Su etiología es aún indefinida y su carácter muchas veces invasivo dificulta la resolución de la enfermedad con un tratamiento eficaz. El objetivo de este trabajo es relatar el caso de un equino, hembra, Appaloosa, de 7 años que presentaba sarcoide en una zona bajo el pabellón auricular derecho, que fue tratado con excisión quirúrgica, implante autologo, aciclovir y aceite de girasol ozonizado obteniendo cicatrización total y ausencia de recidiba.(AU)

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O sarcoide é o tumor de pele de maior ocorrência em equinos podendo gerar comprometimento à saúde e bem-estar do animal. Sua etiologia é ainda indefinida e seu caráter muitas vezes invasivo dificulta a resolução da enfermidade com um tratamento eficaz. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um equino, fêmea, da raça Appaloosa, 5 anos de idade, que apresentava sarcoide em região ventral ao pavilhão auricular direito, que foi tratado com excisão cirúrgica, implante autólogo, aciclovir e óleo de girassol ozonizado obtendo cicatrização total e ausência de recidiva.

The sarcoid is the most common skin tumor in equines and can generate compromise to the health and well-being of the animal. Its etiology is still undefined and its invasive character makes it difficult to resolve the disease with an effective treatment. The objective of this study is to report the case of a 5-year-old female Appaloosa horse that had a sarcoid below the right auricle, which was treated with surgical excision, autologous implant, acyclovir and ozonized sunflower oil, obtaining total healing and absence of recurrence.

El sarcoide es el tumor de piel de mayor ocurrencia en equinos pudiendo generar comprometimiento a la salud y bienestar del animal. Su etiología es aún indefinida y su carácter muchas veces invasivo dificulta la resolución de la enfermedad con un tratamiento eficaz. El objetivo de este trabajo es relatar el caso de un equino, hembra, Appaloosa, de 7 años que presentaba sarcoide en una zona bajo el pabellón auricular derecho, que fue tratado con excisión quirúrgica, implante autologo, aciclovir y aceite de girasol ozonizado obteniendo cicatrización total y ausencia de recidiba.

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Existem diversas causas para o aumento de volume em região de pênis e prepúcio em equinos, uma delas é o carcinoma basoescamoso, que é um tumor maligno raro e de comportamento agressivo. Existem algumas possibilidades para o tratamento dessa enfermidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um equino, macho, 17 anos que apresentava massa tumoral na região de prepúcio, diagnosticado por histopatológico como carcinoma basoescamoso, que foi tratado através de excisão cirúrgica. O animal não apresentou recidivas, tendo maior qualidade de vida e reestabelecimento de outros distúrbios gerados secundariamente a essa afecção.

There are various causes for the increase in the volume of penis and prepuce in horses, one of them is the basosquamous carcinoma, which is a rare malignant tumor with aggressive behavior. There are some possibilities for the treatment of this disease. The reason of this paper is to report the case of a horse, male, 17 years which featured tumor mass in the region of prepuce, diagnosed by histopathology as basosquamous carcinoma, which was treated by surgical excision. The animal showed no recurrences, having better quality of life and reestablishment of other disorders generated secondarily to that disease.

Hay varias causas para el aumento en el volumen del pene y prepucio en los caballos, uno de ellos es el carcinoma basoescamoso, que es un tumor malo raro con un comportamiento agresivo. Hay algunas posibilidades para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. EI objetivo de este trabajo es reportar el caso de un caballo, hombre, 17 años, que contó con masa tumoral en la región del prepucio, diagnosticado por la histopatología como carcinoma basoescamoso, que fue tratado por la supresión quirúrgica. El animal no mostró recurrencias, tener mejor calidad de vida y establecimiento de otros trastornos que genera secundariamente a la enfermedad.

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Existem diversas causas para o aumento de volume em região de pênis e prepúcio em equinos, uma delas é o carcinoma basoescamoso, que é um tumor maligno raro e de comportamento agressivo. Existem algumas possibilidades para o tratamento dessa enfermidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um equino, macho, 17 anos que apresentava massa tumoral na região de prepúcio, diagnosticado por histopatológico como carcinoma basoescamoso, que foi tratado através de excisão cirúrgica. O animal não apresentou recidivas, tendo maior qualidade de vida e reestabelecimento de outros distúrbios gerados secundariamente a essa afecção.(AU)

There are various causes for the increase in the volume of penis and prepuce in horses, one of them is the basosquamous carcinoma, which is a rare malignant tumor with aggressive behavior. There are some possibilities for the treatment of this disease. The reason of this paper is to report the case of a horse, male, 17 years which featured tumor mass in the region of prepuce, diagnosed by histopathology as basosquamous carcinoma, which was treated by surgical excision. The animal showed no recurrences, having better quality of life and reestablishment of other disorders generated secondarily to that disease.(AU)

Hay varias causas para el aumento en el volumen del pene y prepucio en los caballos, uno de ellos es el carcinoma basoescamoso, que es un tumor malo raro con un comportamiento agresivo. Hay algunas posibilidades para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. EI objetivo de este trabajo es reportar el caso de un caballo, hombre, 17 años, que contó con masa tumoral en la región del prepucio, diagnosticado por la histopatología como carcinoma basoescamoso, que fue tratado por la supresión quirúrgica. El animal no mostró recurrencias, tener mejor calidad de vida y establecimiento de otros trastornos que genera secundariamente a la enfermedad.(AU)

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O presente relato de caso trata de um infarto intestinal associado com trombose da artéria mesentérica cranial, sem obstrução estrangulativa do intestino. Uma égua sem raça definida (SRD), 8 anos de idade foi admitida no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, com desconforto abdominal há cerca de 72 horas. Devido ao grau de dor e achados laboratoriais optou-se em realizar laparotomia exploratória. Aproximadamente 12 horas após a cirurgia o animal apresentou novamente dor abdominal aguda, vindo a óbito na sala de indução anestésica. Durante a necropsia, observou-se necrose em alguns segmentos do jejuno, de todo o ceco e colón ventral direito. Trombose de ramos da artéria mesentérica cranial foi considerada devido ao processo de isquemia e reperfusão e a síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRS).

The present case report deals with an intestinal infarction associated with thrombosis of the cranial mesenteric artery, without strangulate intestinal obstruction. A non-defined breed mare, 8 years old, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, with abdominal discomfort for about 72 hours. Due to the degree of pain and laboratory findings, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Approximately 12 hours after surgery, the animal showed again acute abdominal pain, and died in the anesthetic induction room. During necropsy, necrosis was observed in some segments of the jejunum, through out the cecum and right ventral colon. Thrombosis of branches of the cranial mesenteric artery was considered due to the ischemia and reperfusion process and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).

El presente caso trata un infarto intestinal asociado a trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal sin obstruccióne strangulativa del intestino. Una yegua mestiza, de 8 anos de edad fue admitida em el Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal e Ingeniería de Alimentos de la Universidad de São Paulo, campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, com mal estar abdominal durante las últimas 72 horas. Debido al grado de dolor y hallazgos de laboratorio se decidió realizar una laparotomía exploratoria. Aproximadamente 12 horas después de la cirugía el animal presentó nuevamente dolor abdominal agudo, hasta su posterior muerte en la sala de inducción anestésica. Durante la necropsia se observo necrosis em algunos segmentos del yeyuno, todo el ciego y el colon ventral derecho. Ramas trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal se considero debido al proceso de la isquemia y la repercusión y el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS).

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O presente relato de caso trata de um infarto intestinal associado com trombose da artéria mesentérica cranial, sem obstrução estrangulativa do intestino. Uma égua sem raça definida (SRD), 8 anos de idade foi admitida no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, com desconforto abdominal há cerca de 72 horas. Devido ao grau de dor e achados laboratoriais optou-se em realizar laparotomia exploratória. Aproximadamente 12 horas após a cirurgia o animal apresentou novamente dor abdominal aguda, vindo a óbito na sala de indução anestésica. Durante a necropsia, observou-se necrose em alguns segmentos do jejuno, de todo o ceco e colón ventral direito. Trombose de ramos da artéria mesentérica cranial foi considerada devido ao processo de isquemia e reperfusão e a síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRS). (AU)

The present case report deals with an intestinal infarction associated with thrombosis of the cranial mesenteric artery, without strangulate intestinal obstruction. A non-defined breed mare, 8 years old, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, with abdominal discomfort for about 72 hours. Due to the degree of pain and laboratory findings, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Approximately 12 hours after surgery, the animal showed again acute abdominal pain, and died in the anesthetic induction room. During necropsy, necrosis was observed in some segments of the jejunum, through out the cecum and right ventral colon. Thrombosis of branches of the cranial mesenteric artery was considered due to the ischemia and reperfusion process and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS). (AU)

El presente caso trata un infarto intestinal asociado a trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal sin obstruccióne strangulativa del intestino. Una yegua mestiza, de 8 anos de edad fue admitida em el Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Ciencia Animal e Ingeniería de Alimentos de la Universidad de São Paulo, campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, com mal estar abdominal durante las últimas 72 horas. Debido al grado de dolor y hallazgos de laboratorio se decidió realizar una laparotomía exploratoria. Aproximadamente 12 horas después de la cirugía el animal presentó nuevamente dolor abdominal agudo, hasta su posterior muerte en la sala de inducción anestésica. Durante la necropsia se observo necrosis em algunos segmentos del yeyuno, todo el ciego y el colon ventral derecho. Ramas trombosis de la arteria mesentérica craneal se considero debido al proceso de la isquemia y la repercusión y el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS).(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A moxabustão é uma técnica da medicina tradicional chinesa que utiliza o calor para tratamento de doenças crônicas, do frio e de deficiência. O tratamento com moxabustão é realizado utilizando-se ervas nomeadas Artemisia vulgaris, as quais são queimadas geralmente logo acima da pele nos acupontos. O calor produzido diminui a viscosidade e melhora a circulação sanguínea, aumentando a perfusão de sangue aos órgãos e tecidos.Além disso, a moxabustão estimula o sistema imune, por produção de mediadores imunológicos e aumento do número de linfócitos e neurotransmissores. Baseando-se na utilização de moxabustão indireta no tratamento de úlceras de pressão em humanos este trabalho visa descrever a utilização de moxabustão indireta como uma tentativa de tratamento para feridas de difícil cicatrização, como as causadas por decúbito prolongado em equinos. A moxabustão apresentou-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente, promovendo a cicatrização deferidas abertas, profundas e infeccionadas.

The moxibustion is a technic from the Chinese Traditional Medicine which uses heat as a treatment forchronic, "cold" and deficiency diseases. The treatment with moxibustion is made by the use of Artemisia vulgarisherb, that are burned usually right above the skin in the acupuncture points. The produced heat reduces theviscosity and enhances blood circulation, increasing the blood perfusion to organs and tissues. Furthermore, themoxibustion stimulates the immune system, by the production of inflammatory mediators and increase the numberof Iymphocytes and neurotransmitters. Based on the use of indirect moxibustion on the treatment of pressureulcers in humans this work aims to describe the use of indirect moxibustion as an attempt treatment for difficult healing wounds, as the ones that are caused by prolonged recumbency in equines. The moxibustion showed as acheap and efficient alternative, leading to the healing of open, deep and infected wounds.

La moxibustión es una técnica de la medicina tradicional china que utiliza el calor para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas, dei frío y de deficiencia. EI tratamiento con moxibustíon se realiza utilizando Ia hierba Artemisia vulgaris, qué son quemados por lo general cerca de la piel en 105 acupuntos (puntos de acupuntura). EI calor producido disminuye Ia viscosidad y mejora Ia circulación sanguínea, aumentando Ia perfusión de Ia sangreen 105 órganos y tejidos. Además, Ia moxibustión estimula el sistema inmunológico, mediante Ia producción demediadores inmunes y aumenta el número de linfocitos y neurotransmisores. Con base en Ia utilización de Ia moxibustión indirecta en el tratamiento de Ias úlceras por presión en humanos este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir Ia utilización de Ia moxibustión indirecta como un tratamiento alternativo para Ias heridas de difícil cicatrización, como Ias causadas por el decúbito prolongado en los caballos. La moxibustión se presentó como una alternativa de bajo costo y eficiente, promoviendo Ia cicatrización de heridas abiertas, profundas e infectadas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A moxabustão é uma técnica da medicina tradicional chinesa que utiliza o calor para tratamento de doenças crônicas, do frio e de deficiência. O tratamento com moxabustão é realizado utilizando-se ervas nomeadas Artemisia vulgaris, as quais são queimadas geralmente logo acima da pele nos acupontos. O calor produzido diminui a viscosidade e melhora a circulação sanguínea, aumentando a perfusão de sangue aos órgãos e tecidos.Além disso, a moxabustão estimula o sistema imune, por produção de mediadores imunológicos e aumento do número de linfócitos e neurotransmissores. Baseando-se na utilização de moxabustão indireta no tratamento de úlceras de pressão em humanos este trabalho visa descrever a utilização de moxabustão indireta como uma tentativa de tratamento para feridas de difícil cicatrização, como as causadas por decúbito prolongado em equinos. A moxabustão apresentou-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente, promovendo a cicatrização deferidas abertas, profundas e infeccionadas. (AU)

The moxibustion is a technic from the Chinese Traditional Medicine which uses heat as a treatment forchronic, "cold" and deficiency diseases. The treatment with moxibustion is made by the use of Artemisia vulgarisherb, that are burned usually right above the skin in the acupuncture points. The produced heat reduces theviscosity and enhances blood circulation, increasing the blood perfusion to organs and tissues. Furthermore, themoxibustion stimulates the immune system, by the production of inflammatory mediators and increase the numberof Iymphocytes and neurotransmitters. Based on the use of indirect moxibustion on the treatment of pressureulcers in humans this work aims to describe the use of indirect moxibustion as an attempt treatment for difficult healing wounds, as the ones that are caused by prolonged recumbency in equines. The moxibustion showed as acheap and efficient alternative, leading to the healing of open, deep and infected wounds. (AU)

La moxibustión es una técnica de la medicina tradicional china que utiliza el calor para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas, dei frío y de deficiencia. EI tratamiento con moxibustíon se realiza utilizando Ia hierba Artemisia vulgaris, qué son quemados por lo general cerca de la piel en 105 acupuntos (puntos de acupuntura). EI calor producido disminuye Ia viscosidad y mejora Ia circulación sanguínea, aumentando Ia perfusión de Ia sangreen 105 órganos y tejidos. Además, Ia moxibustión estimula el sistema inmunológico, mediante Ia producción demediadores inmunes y aumenta el número de linfocitos y neurotransmisores. Con base en Ia utilización de Ia moxibustión indirecta en el tratamiento de Ias úlceras por presión en humanos este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir Ia utilización de Ia moxibustión indirecta como un tratamiento alternativo para Ias heridas de difícil cicatrización, como Ias causadas por el decúbito prolongado en los caballos. La moxibustión se presentó como una alternativa de bajo costo y eficiente, promoviendo Ia cicatrización de heridas abiertas, profundas e infectadas. (AU)

Assuntos