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Introduction: gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 occurs in approximately 20% of patients and may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or abnormal liver function tests. In our country, the characteristics of gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 patients have not been studied. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19 treated at two hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia. To determine the association between COVID-19 gastrointestinal involvement and length of hospital stay, severity and mortality. Design and methodology: a cross-sectional study carried out at two hospitals in a hospital subnetwork in Bogotá, Colombia from February 2020 to March 2021. Results: a total of 1,176 patients with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included. Gastrointestinal manifestations occurred in 50% (95%CI 47-52%), with the most frequent being diarrhea in 18.4%, odynophagia in 17.6%, anorexia in 14.7% and abdominal pain in 8.8%. An association was found between diarrhea during hospitalization and prolonged hospitalization (OR 1.93 95%CI 1.19-3.13), and between gastrointestinal bleeding on admission and death (OR 3.13, 95%CI 1.1-9.1), among others. Abnormal liver function tests occurred in 46% (95%CI 43-49%) and were more frequent in patients with severe disease and those who died. Conclusions: the prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with COVID-19 was 50%. Diarrhea was associated with a longer hospital stay, and gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with respiratory failure and death. Forty-six percent of patients had abnormal liver function tests, with elevated transaminases being the most frequent. Elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) on admission was associated with greater mortality. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2729).
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BACKGROUND: Vernakalant is an available drug for the treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation, producing conversion between 55% and 87% of the patients treated. In this sense, little is known about the predictors of conversion with this agent. The aim of our study was to analyze the predictors of conversion in our 2-year experience using vernakalant for the treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. METHODS: One hundred twenty-one patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation without hemodynamic impairment received pharmacological treatment with vernakalant. Clinical variables, history of cardiovascular diseases, and echocardiographic data were recorded. RESULTS: Mean age was 58.1 ± 13.9 years and 13.4% of patients had structural heart disease. Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 84.5% of patients, and 46% required the second dose of vernakalant. After analyzing the predictors of conversion, the presence of structural heart disease was significantly larger in the group without conversion (35.3 vs 9.7%; P = 0.02). The mean ejection fraction in the group with conversion was 61.05 ± 5.7% versus 54.9 ± 8.4% in the group without conversion (P = 0.016). After dichotomizing the variable ejection fraction, patients with ejection fraction <55% had a lower conversion rate (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In our study, the absence of any kind of structural heart disease and preserved systolic function were associated with greater conversion rate with vernakalant.
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Anisóis/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Pirrolidinas/uso terapêutico , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción El dolor precordial representa el 5% al 10% de las consultas anuales en los departamentos de emergencias; su diagnóstico suele ser dificultoso y a ello se le suma el problema que implican la externación de pacientes con patología coronaria aguda o las internaciones innecesarias. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de diferentes sistemáticas para la evaluación de estos pacientes. Objetivo Validar en términos de seguridad y tiempos de estadía hospitalaria un nuevo algoritmo incorporado en nuestro centro que incluye la medición de troponina T de alta sensibilidad en pacientes con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 528 pacientes que consultaron en el servicio de emergencias con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo y se les realizó el protocolo de unidad de dolor. Se analizaron variables clínicas, de laboratorio y el resultado de las pruebas funcionales efectuadas. En todos los pacientes se efectuó seguimiento a los 30 días. Resultados El 90,7% de los pacientes fueron externados luego de la observación y al seguimiento el 1,25% había presentado un evento cardíaco, representado por angioplastia coronaria e internación por síndrome coronario agudo; la especificidad del algoritmo global para el diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo fue del 97% y el valor predictivo negativo fue del 99%. El tiempo de estadía en el servicio de emergencias del total de los pacientes fue de 4,5 ± 2,5 horas. Conclusión El nuevo algoritmo incorporado en nuestro centro con determinación de troponina T de alta sensibilidad en pacientes con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo demostró que es seguro al evitar la externación de pacientes que cursaban un síndrome coronario agudo y, a la vez, requiere una corta estadía hospitalaria en el servicio de emergencias.(AU)
Introduction Chest pain represents 5 to 10% of annual visits to emergency departments. Its diagnosis is sometimes difficult, with the added problem of inappropriate discharge of patients with acute coronary syndrome or unnecessary hospitalizations. This has led to the development of different algorithms for the evaluation of these patients. Objective The aim of this study was to validate, in terms of safety and length of hospital stay, a novel algorithm incorporated in our center, which includes measurement of high-sensitivity troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Methods The study included 528 consecutive patients attending the emergency department with suspected acute coronary syndrome and evaluated according to the chest pain unit protocol. Clinical and laboratory variables and functional tests were analyzed. Follow-up at 30 days was performed in all the patients. Results After observation, 90.7% of the patients were discharged and 1.25% presented a cardiovascular event during follow-up, represented by percutaneous coronary intervention and hospitalization due to acute coronary syndrome. The specificity of the global algorithm for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was 97% with a negative predictive value of 99%. Emergency department length of stay was 4.5 ± 2.5 hours for all the patients. Conclusion The novel algorithm incorporated in our center with measurement of high-sensitivity troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome has proved to be safe, as it prevents the discharge of patients with acute coronary syndrome and at the same time reduces emergency department length of stay.(AU)
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Introducción El dolor precordial representa el 5% al 10% de las consultas anuales en los departamentos de emergencias; su diagnóstico suele ser dificultoso y a ello se le suma el problema que implican la externación de pacientes con patología coronaria aguda o las internaciones innecesarias. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de diferentes sistemáticas para la evaluación de estos pacientes. Objetivo Validar en términos de seguridad y tiempos de estadía hospitalaria un nuevo algoritmo incorporado en nuestro centro que incluye la medición de troponina T de alta sensibilidad en pacientes con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 528 pacientes que consultaron en el servicio de emergencias con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo y se les realizó el protocolo de unidad de dolor. Se analizaron variables clínicas, de laboratorio y el resultado de las pruebas funcionales efectuadas. En todos los pacientes se efectuó seguimiento a los 30 días. Resultados El 90,7% de los pacientes fueron externados luego de la observación y al seguimiento el 1,25% había presentado un evento cardíaco, representado por angioplastia coronaria e internación por síndrome coronario agudo; la especificidad del algoritmo global para el diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo fue del 97% y el valor predictivo negativo fue del 99%. El tiempo de estadía en el servicio de emergencias del total de los pacientes fue de 4,5 ± 2,5 horas. Conclusión El nuevo algoritmo incorporado en nuestro centro con determinación de troponina T de alta sensibilidad en pacientes con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo demostró que es seguro al evitar la externación de pacientes que cursaban un síndrome coronario agudo y, a la vez, requiere una corta estadía hospitalaria en el servicio de emergencias.
Introduction Chest pain represents 5 to 10% of annual visits to emergency departments. Its diagnosis is sometimes difficult, with the added problem of inappropriate discharge of patients with acute coronary syndrome or unnecessary hospitalizations. This has led to the development of different algorithms for the evaluation of these patients. Objective The aim of this study was to validate, in terms of safety and length of hospital stay, a novel algorithm incorporated in our center, which includes measurement of high-sensitivity troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Methods The study included 528 consecutive patients attending the emergency department with suspected acute coronary syndrome and evaluated according to the chest pain unit protocol. Clinical and laboratory variables and functional tests were analyzed. Follow-up at 30 days was performed in all the patients. Results After observation, 90.7% of the patients were discharged and 1.25% presented a cardiovascular event during follow-up, represented by percutaneous coronary intervention and hospitalization due to acute coronary syndrome. The specificity of the global algorithm for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was 97% with a negative predictive value of 99%. Emergency department length of stay was 4.5 ± 2.5 hours for all the patients. Conclusion The novel algorithm incorporated in our center with measurement of high-sensitivity troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome has proved to be safe, as it prevents the discharge of patients with acute coronary syndrome and at the same time reduces emergency department length of stay.
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BACKGROUND: Vernakalant is a new, safe and effective drug used intravenously, which has proved to be more rapid in converting recent onset atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm compared to placebo, amiodarone, propafenone, and flecainide in clinical studies. Until now no study has been conducted comparing the perception of state of health in patients who received vernakalant versus propafenone or flecainide for conversion of recent-onset AF. The aim of our study is to compare the change of perception of state of health from screening to hour 2 in patients treated with vernakalant and propafenone or flecainide for conversion of recent-onset AF. METHODS: Eighty hemodynamically stable patients with recent onset AF without structural heart disease were prospectively included. A single oral dose of propafenone 600 mg was administered to 30 patients, 30 patients received intravenous vernakalant and the remaining 20 patients received a single oral dose of flecainide 300 mg. Clinical, laboratory variables and perception of state of health from screening to hour 2 treated with these drugs measured by the EQ-5 D quality-of-life assessments visual analog scale were recorded. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar in the three groups. Treatment with vernakalant resulted in a significantly greater improvement in patient perception of state of health at hour 2 compared with propafenone and flecainide. In the vernakalant group, a mean increase (from baseline) of 12.1 points was seen compared with a mean increase of 5.4 points in the propafenone group or 5.2 points in flecainide group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The change of perception of state of health from screening to hour 2 treated with vernakalant had a significantly statistical improvement compared with propafenone or flecainide for conversion recent-onset AF.
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Anisóis/administração & dosagem , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Nível de Saúde , Percepção , Pirrolidinas/administração & dosagem , Qualidade de Vida , Administração Oral , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/psicologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Flecainida/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Propafenona/administração & dosagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Bloqueadores do Canal de Sódio Disparado por Voltagem/administração & dosagemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: An oral loading dose of propafenone 600 mg is used in our center as in other places around the world for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients without structural heart disease. Vernakalant is a novel, safe, and effective drug used intravenously and has proved to be more rapid in converting recent-onset AF to sinus rhythm compared with placebo and amiodarone. There is no study that compares vernakalant with propafenone. The aim of our study is to compare the time taken for conversion of recent-onset AF in patients treated with vernakalant and propafenone. METHODS: Thirty-six hemodynamically stable patients with recent-onset AF without structural heart disease were prospectively included. A single oral dose of propafenone 600 mg was administered to 19 patients and 17 received intravenous vernakalant. Clinical and laboratory variables, conversion rate, and time to conversion were recorded. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Time to conversion to sinus rhythm was of 166 min (120-300) in the propafenone group versus 9 min (6-18) in the vernakalant group (P = 0.0001). Conversion rate was of 78% in the propafenone group at 8 h and of 93% in the vernakalant group at 2 h; yet, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.4). Time to conversion had a direct impact in hospital stay, which was 43% shorter in the vernakalant group (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Time to conversion of AF to sinus rhythm was significantly shorter in the vernakalant group compared with the propafenone group and was associated with shorter hospital stay.