RESUMO
Moisture is a key aspect for proper composting, allowing greater efficiency and lower environmental impact. Low-cost real-time moisture determination methods are still a challenge in industrial composting processes. The aim of this study was to design a model of hardware and software that would allow self-adjustment of a low-cost capacitive moisture sensor. Samples of organic composts with distinct waste composition and from different composting stages were used. Machine learning techniques were applied for self-adjustment of the sensor. To validate the model, results obtained in a laboratory by the gravimetric method were used. The proposed model proved to be efficient and reliable in measuring moisture in compost, reaching a correlation coefficient of 0.9939 between the moisture content verified by gravimetric analysis and the prediction obtained by the Sensor Node.
Assuntos
Compostagem , Indústrias , Aprendizado de Máquina , SoloRESUMO
Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom's toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3′,4′-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Antivenenos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Venenos de Crotalídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/etiologia , Antivenenos/isolamento & purificação , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Polygalaceae/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/etiologia , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom's toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3',4'-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2.
Assuntos
Antivenenos/farmacologia , Venenos de Crotalídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia/etiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Polygalaceae/química , Animais , Antivenenos/isolamento & purificação , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/etiologia , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , RatosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: All types of abuse and neglect have been associated with suicide attempts. However, the association between the level of each type of childhood trauma and suicidal behavior severity (including the progression from ideation to attempts), adjusting for their co-occurrence, is not yet clear. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional web-based survey collected from the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) to investigate the isolated effects of each type of childhood trauma on suicidal behavior severity. The sample consisted of 71,429 self-selected volunteers assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the following key question: "Have you ever thought about or attempted to kill yourself?" (Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire, SBQ-17). RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic variables, and childhood trauma subtypes, severe emotional abuse (EA) was associated with suicidal ideation and attempts, mainly for serious suicide attempts (OR, 22.71; 95% CI, 2.32-222.05). We found associations of smaller magnitude for severe emotional neglect (EN) with serious suicide attempts, and for severe physical neglect (PN) and sexual abuse (SA) with attempts without really meaning to die. No meaningful trend for physical abuse (PA) was found. Using as reference group ideators, EA was associated with serious suicide attempts, with a peak at the 95th percentile (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 2.04-9.41). We found associations of smaller magnitude for PN and SA, and no meaningful trend for EN and PA. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal behavior was strongly associated with emotional abuse in childhood, even when compared with ideators, suggesting that it is a relevant factor for the progression from ideation to attempts.
Assuntos
Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicopatologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
In this article, we investigated structural and thermal properties of an amorphous alloy of the Ga-Se system. The amorphous GaSe9 alloy was produced by mechanical alloying and it was studied using EXAFS spectroscopy and cumulant expansion method. We also made reverse Monte Carlo simulations using the total structure factor S(K) obtained from x-ray diffraction and the EXAFS χ(k) oscillations on Se and Ga K edges as input data. Several parameters, such as average coordination numbers and interatomic distances, structural and thermal disorders, asymmetry of the partial distribution functions gij(r), and Einstein and Debye temperatures, were determined. The gij (E)(r) functions were reconstructed from the cumulants C1, C2, and C3 obtained from the Einstein model, and they were compared to the gij (RMC)(r) functions obtained from the simulations. The simulations also furnished the partial bond angle distribution functions Θijâ(cosθ), which describe the angular distribution of bonds between first neighbors, and give information about the kind of structural units present in the alloy.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the frequency of CNS infection by dengue virus (DENV) in individuals with fatal outcomes. METHODS: Samples of 150 individuals suspect of an infection disease and with fatal outcomes were investigated for evidence of the presence of DENV. The sampling was made up of 150 CSF, 120 tissue samples, and 109 blood specimens. The tests used were viral isolation, reverse transcriptase PCR, immunohistochemistry, nonstructural 1 antigen, and immunoglobulin M detection. RESULTS: Out of 150 studied patients, 84 were dengue positive. Evidence of the presence of DENV was found in 41 CSF, showing the following neurologic diagnosis: 46.3% encephalitis, 34.1% meningoencephalitis, and 19.5% meningitis, giving a frequency of 48.8% of the 84 dengue-positive cases. The major clinical manifestations observed on these individuals were fever, headache, mental irritability, breathless, vomiting, muscle pain, tiredness, abdominal pain, somnolence, restlessness, dizziness, cough, seizure, coma, and neck stiffness. CONCLUSION: Clinical manifestations and laboratory-positive results in CSF that may indicate the presence of DENV led to consider the invasion of CNS by DENV in these fatal cases studied, and showed that neurologic pathology was an important fatal complication in dengue cases.
Assuntos
Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Dengue/diagnóstico , Encefalite Viral/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dengue/complicações , Encefalite Viral/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Meningoencefalite/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The manual version of the potentiometric titration method has been used for certification and characterization of uranium compounds. In order to reduce the analysis time and the influence of the analyst, a semi-automatic version of the method was developed in the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission. The method was applied with traceability assured by using a potassium dichromate primary standard. The combined standard uncertainty in determining the total concentration of uranium was around 0.01%, which is suitable for uranium characterization.
RESUMO
The involvement of the central nervous system in dengue infections has been reported in countries where the disease in endemic. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit designed to detect the dengue NS1 antigen in serum was able to detect this antigen in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with fatal outcomes. To evaluate the sensitivity of the kit, 26 dengue-positive CSF samples were used. The Pan-E Dengue Early kit was able to detect the NS1 antigen in 13 of 26 dengue-positive CSF samples, resulting in a sensitivity of 50% (95% confidence interval, 29.9-70.1%) and specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 75.3-100%). The kit was able to detect the NS1 antigen in CSF of individuals who had died of dengue. When used in combination with IgM, the detection rate rose to 92.3%. This study reports a method for rapidly detecting the dengue virus in CSF, thereby increasing the diagnosis of dengue fever cases with unusual neurological manifestations.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dengue/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Candida meningitis is a rare condition that occurs more frequently in premature infants, immunocompromised patients or patients after neurosurgery. We describe a case of a previously healthy 41-year-old man with Candida parapsilosis meningitis associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis as the first manifestation of AIDS.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Invasiva/diagnóstico , Candidíase Invasiva/patologia , Meningite Fúngica/diagnóstico , Meningite Fúngica/patologia , Adulto , Candida/classificação , Candidíase Bucal/diagnóstico , Candidíase Bucal/patologia , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The molecular structure and infrared spectrum of the atmospheric pollutant 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HCFC-243) were characterized experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical calculations show the existence of two conformers, with the gauche (G) and trans (T) orientation around the HCCC dihedral angle. Conformer G was calculated to be more stable than form T by more than 10 kJ mol (-1). In consonance with the large predicted relative energy of conformer T, only the G form was identified spectroscopically in cryogenic argon (10 K) and xenon (20 K) matrices prepared from room-temperature equilibrium vapor of the compound. The observed infrared spectra of the matrix-isolated HCFC-243 were interpreted with the aid of high-level density functional theory calculations and normal coordinate analysis. For experimental identification of the weakest IR absorption bands, the spectrum of HCFC-243 in the neat solid state at 145 K was obtained. This spectrum also confirmed the sole presence of the G conformer in the sample. Natural bond orbital and atomic charge analyses were carried out for the two conformers to shed light on the most important intramolecular interactions in the two conformers, in particular those responsible for their relative stability.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify if the application of the Nd:YAG laser following pretreatment of dentin with adhesive systems that were not light cured in class V cavities and were prepared with Er:YAG laser would promote better sealing of the gingival margins when compared to cavities prepared the conventional way. BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies had shown that the pretreatment of dentin with laser irradiation after the application of an adhesive system is efficient in achieving higher shear bond and tensile bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Er:YAG laser (Kavo-Key, Germany) with 350 mJ, 4 Hz, and 116.7 J/cm2 was used for cavity preparation. The conventional preparation was made with diamond bur mounted in high-speed turbine. Dentin treatment was accomplished using an Nd:YAG laser (Pulse Master 1000, ADT. USA) at 60 mJ, 10 Hz, and 74.65/cm2 following application of the adhesive system. The cavities were stored with Single Bond/Z100 and Prime & Bond NT/TPH. Eighty bovine incisors were used, and class V preparations were done at buccal and lingual surfaces divided into eight groups: (1) Er:YAG preparation + Prime & Bond NT + TPH; (2) Er:YAG preparation + Single Bond + Z100; (3) Er:YAG preparation + Single Bond + Nd:YAG + Z100; (4) Er:YAG preparation + Prime & Bond NT + Nd:YAG + TPH; (5) conventional preparation + Prime & Bond NT + TPH; (6) conventional preparation + Single Bond + Z100; (7) conventional preparation + Single Bond + Nd:YAG + Z100; (8) conventional preparation + Prime & Bond NT + Nd:YAG + TPH. All specimens were thermocycled for 300 full cycles between 5 degrees C+/-2 degrees C and 55 degrees C+/-2 degrees C (dwell time of 30 sec), and stored in 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h soaked in photodeveloping solution and exposed to fluorescent light for 6 h. After this procedure, the specimens were sectioned longitudinally in 3 portions and the extension of microleakage at the gingival wall was determined following a criteria ranging from 0 to 4 using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The medium portion sectioned of each specimen was polished and prepared for nanoleakage avaliation by SEM. RESULTS: Kruskall-Wallis and Miller statistical tests determined that group 3 presented less microleakage and nanoleakage. CONCLUSION: Application of the Nd:YAG laser following pretreatment of dentin with adhesive Single Bond non-photocured Single Bond adhesive in cavities prepared with Er:YAG promote better sealing of the gingival margins.
Assuntos
Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/métodos , Infiltração Dentária/diagnóstico , Dentina/efeitos da radiação , Terapia a Laser , Dente/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Bovinos , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Incisivo , Microscopia Eletrônica , Neodímio , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Dente/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The study was performed to investigate possible alterations in oxygen consumption in an animal model with broad intestinal resection. Oxygen consumption and the thermal effect of a short meal were measured in rats subjected to short bowel syndrome. Four groups of rats were used. Group I was the control group, group II was sham operated, group III was submitted to 80% jejunum-ileum resection, and group IV was submitted to 80% jejunum-ileum resection with colon interposition. Ninety days after surgery, oxygen consumption was measured over a period of 6 h with the animals fasted overnight. The thermal effect of feeding was determined in another session of oxygen consumption measurement in animals fasted for 12 h. A 12-kcal meal was then introduced into the animal chamber and oxygen consumption was measured for a further 4 h. No differences in fasting oxygen consumption or in the thermal effect of the meal were detected among the groups studied. It is concluded that short bowel syndrome does not affect the overall energy expenditure of rats.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Íleo/cirurgia , Jejuno/cirurgia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/metabolismo , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Temperatura Alta , Período Pós-Prandial , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The study was performed to investigate possible alterations in oxygen consumption in an animal model with broad intestinal resection. Oxygen consumption and the thermal effect of a short meal were measured in rats subjected to short bowel syndrome. Four groups of rats were used. Group I was the control group, group II was sham operated, group III was submitted to 80 percent jejunum-ileum resection, and group IV was submitted to 80 percent jejunum-ileum resection with colon interposition. Ninety days after surgery, oxygen consumption was measured over a period of 6 h with the animals fasted overnight. The thermal effect of feeding was determined in another session of oxygen consumption measurement in animals fasted for 12 h. A 12-kcal meal was then introduced into the animal chamber and oxygen consumption was measured for a further 4 h. No differences in fasting oxygen consumption or in the thermal effect of the meal were detected among the groups studied. It is concluded that short bowel syndrome does not affect the overall energy expenditure of rats
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Íleo/cirurgia , Jejuno/cirurgia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/cirurgia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Alimentos , Temperatura Alta , Período Pós-Prandial , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A restorative material for Class III cavities must, besides being functional, be esthetically satisfactory, providing good working conditions and several shade and color options. A clinical evaluation was initiated to compare the suitability of resin composite and glass-ionomer cement materials for such restorations. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Forty-two Class III conservative cavities, esthetically important because of facial extensions, were selected. Resin composite restorations were placed in 21 cavities, and the remaining 21 were restored with glass-ionomer cement. The following characteristics were studied: color or esthetics, anatomic shape, surface texture, staining, marginal infiltration, dental plaque retention, and occurrence of fracture. After 24 months, the restorations were evaluated. RESULTS: The only statistically significant difference between the resin composite and glass-ionomer cement restorations in the experimental period involved color or esthetics. CONCLUSION: Resin composites and glass-ionomer materials provide excellent functional and esthetic results in Class III cavities when properly indicated.