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Waste rock from bentonite mining (WRBM) was evaluated as potential adsorbents for removing crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) cationic dyes from contaminated water. The waste samples (AM01, AM02, and AM03) were collected from different locations of the bentonite mine and characterized through X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, and cation exchange capacity. The adsorption efficiency of CV and MB dyes was investigated through the effect of initial concentration, contact time, pH, the dosage of adsorbent, and temperature. Sample AM02 showed the largest surface area (69.13 m2/g) and the best adsorptive performance for both dyes, with removal more significant than 90%. The adsorption of CV and MB in the waste followed the Langmuir isothermal model. Samples AM01 and AM02 followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model, while AM03 better fitted the Elovich kinetic model. The enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs energy (ΔG) were evaluated as adsorption parameters. The process of adsorption of CV and MB dyes in the waste was predominantly endothermic and occurred spontaneously. WRBM samples proved to be a promising candidate for removing cationic dyes present in water.

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The effects of acid and organo-functionalizations on the surface of Brazilian palygorskite clay was investigated, evaluating its potential in the adsorptive capacity of the drug sodium diclofenac present in wastewaters. The modifications on the clay structure were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area by N2 adsorption (77.5 K) and Zeta potential. The experimental design was carried out to find the best conditions for the adsorption tests, in which concentration, mass and pH were significant. In the kinetic study, the pseudo-second-order model better described the adsorption process for acid and organo-functionalized samples. Such results indicate that the adsorption behavior probably occurs due to the phenomenon of chemisorption. Regarding the adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir model was the one that best adjusted both the experimental data of acid and the organo-functionalized samples, whose maximum adsorption capacity were 179.88 and 253.34 mg/g, respectively. This model also indicates that the sodium diclofenac is adsorbed to monolayers homogeneously through chemisorption. In general, the studied clays proved to be suitable adsorbents for the removal of sodium diclofenac.

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The effect of heat treatment on the adsorptive capacity of a Brazilian palygorskite to remove the dyes crystal violet (CV) and congo red (CR) was investigated. The natural palygorskite was calcined at different temperatures (300, 500 and 700 °C) for 4 h. Changes in the palygorskite structure were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption efficiency of CV and CR was investigated through the effect of initial concentration, contact time, temperature, pH and dosage of adsorbent. The calcination increased the adsorption capacity of palygorskite, and the greatest adsorption capacity of CV and CR dyes occurred in the sample calcined at 700 °C (Pal-700T). The natural and calcined samples at 300 and 500 °C followed the Freundlich isothermal model, while the Pal-700T followed the Langmuir isothermal model. Adsorption kinetics results were well described by the Elovich model. Pal-700T showed better adsorption performance at basic pH, with removal greater than 98%, for both dyes. Pal-700T proved to be a great candidate for removing cationic and anionic dyes present in water.

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PURPOSE: To elaborate a virtual tool, with didactic purposes, that allows the integration of technology to the teaching of Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and speech audiometry. METHODS: The Interacoustics AD229b audiometer was used as a physical model to achieve the virtual tool. The Visual Basic 6 programming language was used, so that the colors, characters, and functions were similar to the real audiometer. In addition, the possibility of simulating the patient's response was added, as well as of recording the hearing thresholds in a virtual audiogram. For speech audiometry, the possibility of adjusting the VU meter and recording the number of correct and incorrect answers were implemented. RESULTS: The developed tool was able to reproduce frequencies from 125 Hz to 8000 Hz, in intensities ranging from -10 to 110 dB, being possible to use different stimulus, as well as clinical masking by air and bone conduction. The microphone button can be used to facilitate the teaching of speech audiometry. CONCLUSION: The virtual version of the audiometer is similar to the model equipment, making the integration of technology into teaching feasible, with exemplify the PTA and speech audiometry.

OBJETIVO: Elaborar uma ferramenta virtual, com fins didáticos, que possibilite a integração da tecnologia ao ensino da Audiometria Tonal Limiar (ATL) e logoaudiometria. MÉTODO: O audiômetro da marca Interacoustics AD229b foi utilizado como modelo físico para a consecução da ferramenta virtual. Utilizou-se a linguagem de programação Visual Basic 6, de modo que as cores, os caracteres e as funções fossem similares ao audiômetro real. Além disso, acrescentou-se a possibilidade de simular a resposta do paciente, como também de registrar os limiares auditivos em um audiograma virtualizado. Para a logoaudiometria, implementou-se a possibilidade de ajuste do "VU meter" e o registro da quantidade de acertos e erros no exame. RESULTADOS: A ferramenta desenvolvida mostrou-se capaz de reproduzir as frequências de 125 a 8000 Hz, em intensidades que variam de -10 a 110 dB, sendo possível empregar diferentes formas de apresentação do estímulo, assim como o mascaramento clínico por condução aérea e óssea. A ativação da função "microfone" pode ser aplicada para facilitar o ensino da logoaudiometria. CONCLUSÃO: A versão virtualizada do audiômetro mostrou-se semelhante ao equipamento modelo, tornando factível a integração da tecnologia ao ensino, com exemplificação da ATL e da logoaudiometria.

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PURPOSE: To adapt the Brazilian Functional Auditory Performance Indicators protocol to a short version including the production of material and an application manual. METHODS: Methodological, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative and qualitative approach conducted with seven speech-language therapists who applied the protocol to 34 children with hearing loss and their guardians. The analysis of content validity and the instrument reliability evaluated the semantic equivalence, analysis of satisfaction of speech therapists, and statistical tests of Cronbach's Alpha and Kappa coefficient. RESULTS: The short version, called FAPI-r, was adapted considering coefficients that indicate internal consistency and almost perfect inter-evaluator agreement. Speech-language therapists reported satisfaction with the instrument and stated that the manual facilitates the understanding of the test application. However, there was no agreement between the assessment of speech-language therapists and the answers of families, indicating a need for a greater insertion of families in the therapeutic scenario. CONCLUSION: The adapted FAPI-r has validity and reliability, promising future developments for research and clinical performance in the population of hard of hearing children.

OBJETIVO: Adaptar o protocolo Indicadores de Performance Funcional Auditiva Brasileiro para uma versão reduzida, incluindo a produção de material e de um manual de aplicação. MÉTODO: Estudo do tipo metodológico, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantiqualitativa, realizado com sete fonoaudiólogos que aplicaram o protocolo em 34 crianças com deficiência auditiva e seus responsáveis. Cumpriram-se a análise da validade de conteúdo, bem como da confiabilidade do instrumento por meio da avaliação da equivalência semântica, da análise da satisfação dos fonoaudiólogos e dos testes estatísticos alfa de Cronbach e coeficiente de Kappa. RESULTADOS: Foi adaptada a versão reduzida denominada FAPI-r, com coeficientes que indicaram consistência interna e concordância interavaliadores quase perfeitos. Os fonoaudiólogos referiram satisfação com o instrumento e relataram que o manual de aplicação facilitou o entendimento sobre a aplicação do teste. Observou-se, no entanto, a não concordância entre a avaliação dos fonoaudiólogos e as respostas das famílias, indicando a necessidade de maior inserção destas no cenário terapêutico. CONCLUSÃO: Realizada a adaptação do FAPI-r, constatando-se sua validade e confiabilidade, com futuros desdobramentos para a pesquisa e atuação clínica na população de crianças com deficiência auditiva.

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RESUMO Objetivo Elaborar uma ferramenta virtual, com fins didáticos, que possibilite a integração da tecnologia ao ensino da Audiometria Tonal Limiar (ATL) e logoaudiometria. Método O audiômetro da marca Interacoustics AD229b foi utilizado como modelo físico para a consecução da ferramenta virtual. Utilizou-se a linguagem de programação Visual Basic 6, de modo que as cores, os caracteres e as funções fossem similares ao audiômetro real. Além disso, acrescentou-se a possibilidade de simular a resposta do paciente, como também de registrar os limiares auditivos em um audiograma virtualizado. Para a logoaudiometria, implementou-se a possibilidade de ajuste do "VU meter" e o registro da quantidade de acertos e erros no exame. Resultados A ferramenta desenvolvida mostrou-se capaz de reproduzir as frequências de 125 a 8000 Hz, em intensidades que variam de -10 a 110 dB, sendo possível empregar diferentes formas de apresentação do estímulo, assim como o mascaramento clínico por condução aérea e óssea. A ativação da função "microfone" pode ser aplicada para facilitar o ensino da logoaudiometria. Conclusão A versão virtualizada do audiômetro mostrou-se semelhante ao equipamento modelo, tornando factível a integração da tecnologia ao ensino, com exemplificação da ATL e da logoaudiometria.

ABSTRACT Purpose To elaborate a virtual tool, with didactic purposes, that allows the integration of technology to the teaching of Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and speech audiometry. Methods The Interacoustics AD229b audiometer was used as a physical model to achieve the virtual tool. The Visual Basic 6 programming language was used, so that the colors, characters, and functions were similar to the real audiometer. In addition, the possibility of simulating the patient's response was added, as well as of recording the hearing thresholds in a virtual audiogram. For speech audiometry, the possibility of adjusting the VU meter and recording the number of correct and incorrect answers were implemented. Results The developed tool was able to reproduce frequencies from 125 Hz to 8000 Hz, in intensities ranging from -10 to 110 dB, being possible to use different stimulus, as well as clinical masking by air and bone conduction. The microphone button can be used to facilitate the teaching of speech audiometry. Conclusion The virtual version of the audiometer is similar to the model equipment, making the integration of technology into teaching feasible, with exemplify the PTA and speech audiometry.

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The influence of common tea preparation procedures (temperature, infusion time, consumption time interval and tea bag/loose-leaf) and the type of water used, on the total phenolic content (TPC), the radical scavenging activity and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were assessed. Higher TPC and antioxidant activity were obtained when using lower mineralized waters. Tea bags also evidenced higher antioxidant activity than loose-leaf samples. Under the same conditions (90 ºC and five minutes of infusion time) green tea contains almost twice the quantity of polyphenols and the free radical scavenging ability of black tea. In the α-glucosidase assay all infusions were active (97-100 %). Furthermore, HPLC allowed to identify some of the polyphenols present in both teas and to monitor their composition change with time. After twenty-four hours, the antioxidant activity was maintained without significant changes, but a small decrease in enzyme inhibition was observed, although this activity was still very high

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RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de comportamentos com tendência a ortorexia nervosa (ON) e suas associações com o estado nutricional, satisfação corporal e período cursado em estudantes de nutrição. Métodos Participaram do estudo 141 estudantes (com idade média de 21,5 ± 3,5 anos). A tendência à ON foi avaliada por meio do questionário para identificação da ON (ORTO-15) e a satisfação corporal, pelo Body Shape Questionnaire. A classificação do estado nutricional foi feita pelo IMC (kg.m-2). Associações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultados Comportamentos alimentares com tendência a ON foram identificados em 87,2% dos estudantes. Os estudantes com ON apresentaram mais insatisfação corporal (χ2 = 7,48; p = 0,005) e excesso de peso (χ2 = 6,56; p = 0,010). Não foi observada associação entre a ON e o período cursado. Conclusão Os resultados demonstram que os estudantes de nutrição parecem ser uma população especialmente em risco para tendência à ON, independentemente do período cursado. A maior frequência de estudantes com ON e excesso de peso e insatisfação corporal pode sugerir que tais condições, que comumente cursam com preocupações com alimentação saudável, podem facilitar o início do desenvolvimento de comportamentos alimentares associados a ON.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON)'s risky behaviors and their association with nutritional status, body satisfaction and coursed period in nutrition students. Methods The study included 141 students (mean age 21.5 ± 3.5 years). The risk behavior to ON was assessed by using the questionnaire to identify ON (ORTHO-15) and body satisfaction with the Body Shape Questionnaire. The classification of nutritional status was evaluated by BMI (kg.m-2). Association between variables was evaluated by chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results Eating behaviors at risk for ON were identified in 87.2% of students. Students with ON had more body dissatisfaction (χ2 = 7.48; p = 0.005) and overweight (χ2 = 6.56; p = 0.010). No association was observed between the ON and coursed period. Conclusion The results show that Nutrition students seem to be a population at a particular risk for ON, regardless of the coursed period studied. The higher frequency of students with ON and overweight and body dissatisfaction may suggest that such conditions, which commonly occur with concerns about healthy eating, may facilitate the initiation of the development of eating behaviors associated with ON.

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RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos da pompage como terapia complementar a exercícios aeróbicos e de alongamento sobre dor, fadiga e qualidade do sono em mulheres com fibromialgia. Para isso, 23 mulheres com esse diagnóstico foram alocadas aleatoriamente nos grupos: Experimental (GE, n=13) e Controle (GC, n=10), e em seguida foram avaliadas através do Questionário McGill de Dor, Questionário de Fadiga de Chalder e Inventário do Sono. Durante 12 semanas, duas vezes por semana, o GE realizou pompage, exercícios aeróbicos e alongamentos, enquanto o GC fez apenas exercícios aeróbicos e alongamentos. A avaliação foi repetida após 6 e 12 semanas. Ocorreram perdas amostrais, resultando em 15 indivíduos (GE, n=7/GC, n=8). Na análise estatística, utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas, seguido do teste t para amostras independentes em que houve diferença significativa (p ≤ 0,05). Houve redução significativa do escore da dimensão mista do Questionário McGill de Dor após 12 semanas no GE comparado ao GC. Nos outros aspectos avaliados de dor, fadiga e qualidade do sono, não foram observadas alterações significativas. Assim, sugere-se que a pompage como terapia complementar a exercícios aeróbicos e de alongamento não apresentou efeitos benéficos importantes para mulheres com fibromialgia, uma vez que houve melhora em apenas uma das dimensões de dor avaliadas. Estudos com amostras maiores são necessários para uma análise mais consistente dos desfechos investigados.

RESUMEN Para evaluar los efectos de la pompage como terapia complementaria a los ejercicios aeróbicos y de estiramiento en el dolor, fatiga y en la calidad de sueño de mujeres con fibromialgia (MF), se dividieron veintitrés mujeres con este diagnóstico en grupos al alzar: Grupo Experimental (GE, n=13) y Grupo Control (GC, n=10). Después les aplicaron el Cuestionario de dolor McGill, el Cuestionario de fatiga de Chalder y el Inventario del sueño. Durante 12 semanas, dos veces a la semana, el GE hizo pompage, ejercicios aeróbicos y estiramientos, mientras que el GC solo hizo ejercicios aeróbicos y estiramientos. Se repitió la evaluación después de 6 y 12 semanas. La cantidad de participantes redujo para 15 (GE, n=7, GC, n=8). En el análisis estadístico se empeló la ANOVA para medidas iguales, la prueba t para las muestras independientes, en las cuales presentaron diferencias significantes (p ≤ 0,05). En la puntuación de dimensión mixta del Cuestionario de dolor McGill tras 12 semanas presentó reducción significativa en el GE comparado al GC. En los demás ítems evaluados, dolor, fatiga y calidad de sueño, no se observaron diferencias significantes. Así que la pompage como terapia complementaria a ejercicios aeróbicos y de estiramiento no presentó efectos relevantes en mujeres con FM, debido a que solamente uno de los ítems de dolor evaluados ha presentado mejora. Son necesarios estudios con muestras más grandes para un análisis más detenido de los ítems evaluados.

ABSTRACT Aiming at evaluating the effects of pompage as a complementary therapy to aerobic exercises and stretching on pain, fatigue, and sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia, 23 women with this diagnosis were allocated randomly in the groups: Experimental (EG, n = 13) and Control (CG, n = 10). Subsequently, they were assessed using McGill Pain Questionnaire, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, and Sleep Inventory. For 12 weeks, twice a week, the EG made pompage, aerobic exercises, and stretching, while the CG only aerobic exercises and stretching. Evaluation was repeated after 6 and 12 weeks. We had sample losses totaling 15 individuals (EG, n=7/CG, n=8). We used ANOVA for repeated measurements in the statistical analysis, followed by the T test for independent samples with significant differences (p≤0.05). There was a significant reduction of McGill Pain Questionnaire joint score after 12 weeks in the EG compared with CG. There were not significant changes in other aspects evaluated for pain, fatigue and sleep quality. Therefore, we suggest that pompage as a complementary therapy to aerobic exercises and stretching did not have beneficial effects on women with fibromyalgia, since there was improvement in only one aspect of the pain evaluated. Studies with larger samples are necessary for a more consistent analysis of the results investigated.