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Introduction: Segmental and Focal Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is an entity characterized by glomerular damage involving the podocyte as the main target. A variant with a worse prognosis, poor response to corticosteroid therapy, and rapid progression to end-stage renal disease is recognized as collapsing FSGS. Case Report: A 102-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury underwent renal biopsy, revealing collapsing FSGS. He achieved an excellent response to immunosuppressive treatment, presenting renal recovery, and was discharged from dialysis treatment. Discussion: Diagnosis and definition of treatment in the elderly are challenging, and each case must be individualized and have functionality and risk assessed in a naturally immunosuppressed population.

Introdução: Glomeruloesclerose Segmentar e Focal (GESF) é uma entidade caracterizada por lesão glomerular que envolve o podócito como principal alvo. Uma variante de pior prognóstico, baixa resposta à corticoterapia, e rápida evolução para doença renal terminal é reconhecida como GESF colapsante. Relato de Caso: Um homem de 102 anos com síndrome nefrótica e lesão renal aguda foi submetido a biópsia renal, revelando GESF colapsante. Ele obteve excelente resposta ao tratamento imunossupressor, apresentando recuperação renal e recebendo alta de terapia renal substitutiva. Discussão: Diagnóstico e definição de tratamento nos idosos são desafiadores, devendo-se individualizar cada caso, avaliar funcionalidade e risco em uma população naturalmente imunossupressa.

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The compound "ADE" is an injectable oil for veterinary use which contains large amounts of vitamins A, D and E. The parenteral application in humans leads to a granuloma reaction which triggers hypercalcemia. A 42-year-old man was admitted with lower limb pain, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. Laboratory tests revealed creatinine 4.59 mg/dl, calcium 13.3 mg/dl and parathormone 13.8 pg/ml. He underwent an ureterolithotripsy, stent placement, intravenous crystalloid fluids, and corticosteroid. He improved symptoms, kidney function and normalized serum calcium. The "ADE"-induced hypercalcemia diagnosis can be challenging. The early diagnosis may avoid negative outcomes.

O composto "ADE'' é um óleo veterinário injetável que contém grandes quantidades de vitaminas A, D e E. A aplicação parenteral causa reação granulomatosa e hipercalcemia. Um homem de 42 anos foi admitido com dor no membro inferior, nódulos musculares endurecidos, nefrolitíase e nefrocalcinose. O laboratório revelou creatinina 4,59 mg/dl, cálcio 13,3 mg/dl e paratormônio 13,8 pg/ml. Foi tratado com ureterolitotripsia, cateter duplo-J, cristaloide intravenoso e corticoterapia. Ele apresentou melhora dos sintomas, função renal e normalizou cálcio. O diagnóstico da hipercalcemia pelo "ADE'' pode ser desafiador. O diagnóstico precoce pode evitar desfechos negativos.

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BACKGROUND: The tick Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto (A. cajennense s.s.) frequently parasitizes animals and humans in the Amazon biome, in addition to being a vector of Rickettsia amblyommatis. In the present study, we evaluated both the population dynamics of A. cajennense s.s. in a degraded area of the Amazon biome and the presence of rickettsial organisms in this tick population. METHODS: The study was carried out in a rural area of the Santa Inês municipality (altitude: 24 m a.s.l.), Maranhão state, Brazil. Ticks were collected from the environment for 24 consecutive months, from June 2021 to May 2023. The region is characterized by two warm seasons: a rainy season (November-May) and a dry season (June-October). We characterized the temporal activity of A. cajennense s.s. on the vegetation by examining questing activity for each life stage (larvae, nymphs, adults [males and females]) in relation to the dry and rainy season. Ticks collected in this study were randomly selected and individually tested by a TaqMan real-time PCR assay that targeted a 147-bp fragment of the rickettsial gltA gene. RESULTS: Overall, 1843 (62.4%) adults (52.6% females, 47.4% males), 1110 (37.6%) nymphs and 398 larval clusters were collected. All adult females and nymphs were morphologically identified as A. cajennense s.s. Larval activity was observed from April to December, with a peak from June to September (dry season); nymph abundance peaked from September to November (transition period between dry and rainy seasons); and adult ticks were abundant from October to May (spring/summer/early autumn). The infection rate by R. amblyommatis in A. cajennense s.s. ticks was at least 7% (7/99). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a 1-year generation pattern for A. cajennense s.s., with a well-defined seasonality of larvae, nymphs and adults in the Amazon biome. Larvae predominate during the dry season, nymphs are most abundant in the dry-rainy season transition and adults are most abundant in the rainy season. The presence of R. amblyommatis in adult ticks suggests that animals and humans in the study region are at risk of infection by this species belonging to the spotted fever group of Rickettsia.

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3-heptylidene-4,6-dimethoxy-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (Phthalide 1) is the precursor of three resorcinol lipids that have been described as potential chemotherapeutic agents and capable of potentiating the effects of cyclophosphamide. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxic potential, cell-killing potential, and interactions with cyclophosphamide and cisplatin of phthalide 1. Twelve groups were created from 120 mice: Negative Control, cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg), cisplatin (6 mg/kg), Phthalide 1 (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), and associations of 1 with cyclophosphamide and 1 with cisplatin. The results demonstrate that 1 increases (p < 0.05) the frequency of chromosomal damage, liver and kidney cell death, and splenic phagocytosis. The association of 1 with cyclophosphamide and cisplatin demonstrated a chemopreventive effect and, therefore, a reduction (p < 0.05) in the frequency of chromosomal damage. However, cell death and splenic phagocytosis did not suffer significant variations. As a result of the above, 1 has potential chemotherapeutic application and may be a candidate for developing a new generation of chemotherapeutics. In addition, it has characteristics to be used as a chemotherapy adjuvant in association with cyclophosphamide and cisplatin since it increases the frequency of cell death induced by chemotherapy. We also reported that the chemopreventive effect of 1, in association with cyclophosphamide and cisplatin, can prevent adverse effects (induction of DNA damage in non-tumor cells) without interfering with the mode of action of chemotherapy drugs and, therefore, without reducing the induction of cell death.

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Cancer incidence is increasing, and the drugs are not very selective. These drugs cause adverse effects, and the cells become resistant. Therefore, new drugs are needed. Here, we evaluated the effects of ZIM, a candidate for chemotherapy, and 4-AA alone and in association with commercial chemotherapeutic agents. Subsequently, the results of ZIM and 4-AA were compared. Male Swiss mice were treated with doses of 12, 24, or 48 mg/kg ZIM or 4-AA alone or in association with cisplatin (6 mg/kg), doxorubicin (16 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg). Biometric parameters, DNA damage (comet and micronuclei), cell death, and splenic phagocytosis were evaluated. DNA docking was also performed to confirm the possible interactions of ZIM and 4-AA with DNA. 4-AA has been shown to have low genotoxic potential, increase the frequency of cell death, and activate phagocytosis. ZIM causes genomic and chromosomal damage in addition to causing cell death and activating phagocytosis. In association with chemotherapeutical agents, both 4-AA and ZIM have a chemopreventive effect and, therefore, reduce the frequency of DNA damage, cell death, and splenic phagocytosis. The association of 4-AA and ZIM with commercial chemotherapeutic agents increased the frequency of lymphocytes compared to chemotherapeutic agents alone. Molecular docking demonstrated that ZIM has more affinity for DNA than 4-AA and its precursors (1 and 2). This was confirmed by the lower interaction energy of the complex (-119.83 kcal/mol). ZIM can break the DNA molecule and, therefore, its chemotherapeutic effect can be related to DNA damage. It is considered that ZIM has chemotherapeutic potential. However, it should not be used in combination with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide as it reduces the effects of these drugs.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Aristolochia triangularis Cham. has been used in Brazilian traditional medicine for various therapeutic purposes, including as a leaf-based infusion for diabetes management. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was designed to chemically characterize an infusion of in natura A. triangularis leaves and evaluate the in vivo anti-hyperglycemic properties of this infusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chemical composition was examined using liquid-liquid extraction procedure, chromatographic methods, NMR, and LC-MS/MS. The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity of the freeze-dried infusion of A. triangularis leaves (Inf-L-At) was assessed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Initially, normoglycemic male rats were pre-treated with orally administered Inf-L-At at doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg for two consecutive days. On the day of the OGTT, fasting animals received a glucose load (4 g/kg) 30 min after treatment with Inf-L-At, and the blood glucose levels were verified at 15, 30, 60, and 180 min. Intestinal maltase, lactase, and sucrase activities and muscle and liver glycogen contents were also assessed after the OGTT. RESULTS: Inf-L-At extract led to glycemic reduction with no dose-response at 15, 30, and 60 min comparable to that of the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide and was accompanied by an increase in hepatic and muscle glycogen contents. Additionally, there was a significant statistically decrease in the in vitro activity of disaccharidases. Maltase and sucrase activities were inhibited at all doses, whereas lactase activity was inhibited only at 62.5 and 250 mg/kg. In total, 75 compounds were found in the infusion, including seven new ones, (7S*,8S*,7ꞌS*,8ꞌR*)-4,4ꞌ-dihydroxy-3,3ꞌ-dimethoxy-7,9ꞌ-epoxylignan-7ꞌ-ol; 4ꞌ-hydroxy-3ꞌ-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-7,9ꞌ-epoxylignan-9,7ꞌ-diol; triangularisines A, B, and C; N-ethyl-N-methyl-affineine; and N-methyl pachyconfine, and one previously not described as a natural product, epi-secoisolariciresinol monomethyl ether. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the infusion from A. triangularis leaves and showed that it is a rich source of lignoids, alkaloids, and glycosylated flavonoids, which are known to exhibit antidiabetic effects and other biological properties that can be beneficial for patients with chronic hyperglycemia, thus certifying the popular use of this herbal drink.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate if participants, subjected to whole-body vibration, two different types of media (paper versus tablet) and two lighting environments (fluorescent versus LED), present a difference in eye-movement parameters during reading tasks. Methods: Fourteen adults silently read two different texts in each one of the eight randomized testing conditions (whole-body vibration versus media versus lighting), resulting in 16 different texts read per individual. Whole-body vibration was applied in the vertical direction, 5Hz and 0.8 m/s2 root-mean-square amplitude, a condition similar to those experienced by forklift truck drivers. Participants were in a sitting position with a backrest. An eye-tracker evaluated the eye-movements during the reading task. Results: Whole-body vibration significantly reduced the number of ocular fixations, and cross-correlation; and increased the reading efficiency, fixation duration, directional attack, and binocular anomalies. Neither the type of media nor the lighting environment interfered significantly with the eye-movements, both in situations with and without vibration. Conclusion: The results indicate that whole-body vibration interfered in the eye-movements during the reading task. This may impose a difficulty to process the visual information and to synchronously coordinate the binocular movements under vibration environments.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se participantes submetidos à vibração de corpo inteiro, a dois tipos diferentes de mídia (papel versus tablet) e a dois ambientes de iluminação (fluorescente versus LED) apresentam diferença nos parâmetros de movimento dos olhos durante tarefas de leitura. Métodos: Quatorze adultos leram silenciosamente dois textos diferentes em cada uma das oito condições de teste (vibração de corpo inteiro versus mídia versus iluminação), de forma aleatória, resultando em 16 textos diferentes lidos por indivíduo. A vibração de corpo inteiro foi aplicada no sentido vertical, com amplitude de 5Hz e 0,8m/s² da raiz do valor quadrático médio, em condição semelhante às vivenciadas pelos motoristas de empilhadeiras. Os participantes permaneceram em postura sentada com encosto. Um rastreador ocular avaliou os movimentos oculares durante a leitura. Resultados: A vibração de corpo inteiro reduziu significativamente o número de fixações oculares e a correlação cruzada entre os olhos e aumentou a eficiência de leitura, duração da fixação, ataque direcional e anomalias binoculares. Nem o tipo de mídia nem as condições de ambientes de iluminação interferiram significativamente nos movimentos oculares, tanto em situações com ou sem vibração. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a Vibração de Corpo Inteiro pode interferir nos movimentos oculares durante a leitura. Isso pode impor uma dificuldade no processamento da informação visual e na coordenação síncrona dos movimentos binoculares em ambientes de vibração.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP), realizada em meio terrestre e aquático, na flexibilidade de posteriores da coxa e extensores do quadril em adultos saudáveis. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico aleatorizado. A amostra foi composta por 16 adultos (18 a 35 anos) de ambos os sexos, randomizados em dois grupos: experimental (GE, n=08), submetido ao alongamento por FNP no meio aquático; e controle (GC, n=08), que recebeu a FNP no meio terrestre. A intervenção foi realizada durante seis semanas, com duas sessões semanais. Pré e pós-intervenção a flexibilidade do quadril foi avaliada pela amplitude de movimento (ADM) utilizando um goniômetro posicionado sobre essa articulação. E para determinar a flexibilidade dos músculos posteriores da coxa foi utilizado o teste sentar e alcançar. Ambas as intervenções, propiciaram um aumento significativo na flexibilidade do GE e GC (p<0,05), entretanto não houve efeito significativo de ambiente (p>0,05).

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), performed in land and aquatic environments, on the flexibility of the posterior thigh and hip extensors in healthy adults. This is a randomized clinical trial. The sample was composed of 16 adults (18 to 35 years old) of both sexes, randomized into two groups: experimental (EG, n=08), submitted to PNF stretching in the aquatic environment; and control (CG, n=08), which received PNF on land. The intervention was performed during six weeks, with two weekly sessions. Before and after the intervention, hip flexibility was assessed by range of motion (ROM) using a goniometer positioned over this joint. And to determine the flexibility of the posterior thigh muscles, the sit and reach test was used. Both interventions provided a significant increase in flexibility in the EG and CG (p<0.05), however there was no significant effect on the environment (p>0.05).

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Pachira aquatica is a species used for medicinal and food purposes and has numerous phytochemicals that may have systemic toxic effects and damage to genetic material. This study aimed to evaluate acute and short-term oral toxicity, as well as genotoxic and clastogenic effects of oil extracted from P. aquatica (PASO) seeds in rats and Drosophila melanogaster. The results obtained with biochemical and hematological analyses did not show significant changes in any evaluated parameters when compared with reference values for the species used in the study. Data from the histopathological analysis corroborated results found in this study. These findings indicate low acute and short-term toxicity following oral PASO exposure in rats under the experimental conditions tested. Tests performed in rats showed that PASO did not present significant genotoxic or clastogenic effects on the cells analyzed with the three doses tested. Treatment with PASO in the offspring of HB crossing, which showed high cytochrome P450 levels, did not exhibit genotoxic activity, as demonstrated by the SMART test. These results suggest that products from the hepatic oil metabolism did not show genotoxicity under the conditions tested. Together, the results indicate that, under the experimental conditions tested, PASO is safe for repeated intake. As PASO exhibited low potential to cause harmful effects on living organisms, our study encourages further research aimed at assessing its pharmacological activity, since it is a widely consumed plant.

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Whole genome sequencing of bovine breeds has allowed identification of genetic variants in milk protein genes. However, functional repercussion of such variants at a molecular level has seldom been investigated. Here, the results of a multistep Bioinformatic analysis for functional characterization of recently identified genetic variants in Brazilian Gyr and Guzerat breeds is described, including predicted effects on the following: (i) evolutionary conserved nucleotide positions/regions; (ii) protein function, stability, and interactions; (iii) splicing, branching, and miRNA binding sites; (iv) promoters and transcription factor binding sites; and (v) collocation with QTL. Seventy-one genetic variants were identified in the caseins (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3), LALBA, LGB, and LTF genes. Eleven potentially regulatory variants and two missense mutations were identified. LALBA Ile60Val was predicted to affect protein stability and flexibility, by reducing the number the disulfide bonds established. LTF Thr546Asn is predicted to generate steric clashes, which could mildly affect iron coordination. In addition, LALBA Ile60Val and LTF Thr546Asn affect exonic splicing enhancers and silencers. Consequently, both mutations have the potential of affecting immune response at individual level, not only in the mammary gland. Although laborious, this multistep procedure for classifying variants allowed the identification of potentially functional variants for milk protein genes.

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Leukaemia is a dysfunction that affects the production of white blood cells in the bone marrow. Young cells are abnormally produced, replacing normal blood cells. Consequently, the person suffers problems in transporting oxygen and in fighting infections. This article proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) named LeukNet that was inspired on convolutional blocks of VGG-16, but with smaller dense layers. To define the LeukNet parameters, we evaluated different CNNs models and fine-tuning methods using 18 image datasets, with different resolution, contrast, colour and texture characteristics. We applied data augmentation operations to expand the training dataset, and the 5-fold cross-validation led to an accuracy of 98.61%. To evaluate the CNNs generalisation ability, we applied a cross-dataset validation technique. The obtained accuracies using cross-dataset experiments on three datasets were 97.04, 82.46 and 70.24%, which overcome the accuracies obtained by current state-of-the-art methods. We conclude that using the most common and deepest CNNs may not be the best choice for applications where the images to be classified differ from those used in pre-training. Additionally, the adopted cross-dataset validation approach proved to be an excellent choice to evaluate the generalisation capability of a model, as it considers the model performance on unseen data, which is paramount for CAD systems.

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O estudo associou indicadores antropométricos com variáveis hemodinâmicas, glicemia e aptidão física de adultos. Participaram do estudo 60 adultos de ambos os sexos (32,90 ± 10,26), sedentários e iniciantes de uma academia de ginástica. Foram analisadas variáveis de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, glicemia, circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril, relação cintura-quadril, relação cintura-estatura (RCE), índice de massa corporal, flexibilidade, e flexões de braço e abdominais. As variáveis antropométricas se correlacionaram positivamente com as hemodinâmicas e negativamente com os testes de aptidão física (p<0,05), e a CC e a RCE foram os melhores preditores de riscos cardiovasculares entre as variáveis analisadas. Os indicadores antropométricos se correlacionam com as variáveis hemodinâmicas e de aptidão física, tendo a CC e a RCE como os melhores preditores de riscos cardiovasculares indicando um potencial desempenho no rastreamento precoce dos riscos de doenças cardíacas em adultos.

This study associated anthropometric indicators with hemodynamic variables, glycaemia and physical fitness of adults. The participants in the study were 60 adults of both sexes (32.90 ± 10.26), sedentary and beginners of a gym. We analyzed variables of blood pressure, heart rate, glycaemia, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio (WSR), body mass index, flexibility, and arm and abdominal flexions. Anthropometric variables correlated positively with hemodynamic variables and negatively with physical fitness tests (p<0.05). The results showed WC and WSR as the best predictors of cardiovascular risk among the variables analyzed, indicating their potential performance in early screening for risk of heart disease in adults.

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This study intends to characterize the sialotranscriptome profile of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in response to Theileria equi and identify genes of interest with differential genomic expression, indicating relevant targets in the tick-protozoan interactions. The experimental design consisted of RNA sequencing from uninfected and T. equi-infected R. microplus salivary glands (SGs) to obtain transcriptomic profiles for characterization and comparison. A total of 288,952 transcripts were obtained from both tick profiles, 3456 transcripts (p < 0.05) differentially expressed in response to T. equi infection. The uninfected SGs' registered 231,179 transcripts, of which 155,359 were annotated. The most transcribed sequences were female-specific histamine binding protein and lipocalins. Regarding the T. equi-infected SGs, from the 238,964 assembled transcripts, 163,564 were annotated. The most transcribed sequences were histone demethylase JARID1 and Y-box-binding protein. Five transcripts (cystatin, arginase, nuclear factor κB kinase inhibitor subunit ß (IκB), IκB delta, lysosomal-trafficking regulator, and reeler protein) presented the gene ontology (GO) category "response to protozoan" and were exclusively displayed in the T. equi-infected profile. The transcriptome of T. equi was also analyzed, registering 4728 hits. The study's genetic and molecular information would be of great value for future studies and biotechnological applications envisaging disease control.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as alterações do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e da composição corporal de atletas profissionais de futebol após cinco semanas de pré-temporada. A amostra foi composta por atletas profissionais de futebol do sexo masculino participantes da série A1 primeira divisão do campeonato pernambucano do ano 2019 (n=22; idade: 24,0±3,6 anos). Foi avaliado, na pré-temporada e após cinco semanas de treinamento, o VO2max através do teste de 1600m, bem como variáveis antropométricas e um teste t pareado foi aplicado para verificar a diferença entre as médias pré vs. pós-treinamento. Houve melhora significativa nas varáveis analisadas com redução no índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura-estatura (Rcest), percentual de gordura corporal e aumento no Vo2máx após cinco semanas de treinamento específico para jogadores de futebol profissional na fase de preparação física inicial (<0.05). Conclui-se que cinco semanas de preparação física em jogadores de futebol profissional foram suficientes para o aumento do VO2max e a redução de variáveis da composição corporal (IMC, CC, Rcest e percentual de gordura dos atletas).

The aim of the present study was to verify changes in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and body composition in professional soccer athletes after five weeks of pre-season. The sample consisted of male professional soccer players participating of the first division series (A1) of the Pernambucano championship in 2019 (n= 22; age: 24.0±3.6 years). In the pre-season and after five weeks of training was evaluated VO2max through the 1600m test, as well as anthropometric variables. Paired t test was applied to verify the difference between the pre vs. post training. There was a significant improvement in the variables analyzed, with a reduction in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (Rcest), body fat percentage and an increase in VO2max after five weeks of specific training for professional football players (<0.05). Five weeks of physical preparation in professional soccer players, it was enough to increase VO2max and reduce body composition variables (BMI, WC, Rcest and athletes' fat percentage).

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel (Myrtaceae) is popularly known as "jaboticaba" or "jaboticaba". The fruit is appreciated for both fresh consumption and the manufacture of jelly, juice, ice cream, fermented beverages, and liqueurs. The more widespread traditional use of the plant involves the treatment of diarrhea, which utilizes all parts of the plant, including the fruit peels. AIM OF THE STUDY: We sought to elucidate possible risks of the administration of an ethanol-soluble fraction that was obtained from an infusion of P. cauliflora fruit peels (SEIPC). We performed a series of experiments to evaluate possible toxicity, in which we administered SEIPC orally both acutely and repeatedly for 28 days. We also evaluated possible endocrine-disruptive and genotoxic effects in eukaryotic cells. The possible mutagenic activity of SEIPC was evaluated using reverse mutation (Ames) assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SEIPC was produced and chemically characterized by LC-DAD-MS. Acute toxicity and behavioral and physiological alterations were evaluated in the modified Irwin test. Respiratory rate, arterial blood gas, electrocardiography, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were evaluated, and hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed after 28 days of oral treatment. The comet assay, mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, uterotrophic test, Hershberger bioassay, and AMES test were performed using appropriate protocols. RESULTS: From SEIPC, ellagic acid and derivatives, flavonols and anthocyanidins, as well as citric acid and gallic acid, were annotated by LC-DAD-MS. We did not observed any significant toxic effects after acute or prolonged SEIPC treatment. No endocrine-disruptive or mutagenic effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that SEIPC did not cause any significant alterations of various corporeal systems, including cardiac electrical activity, body temperature, respiratory rate, and arterial pressure. No alterations of biochemical, hematological, or blood gas parameters were observed. SEIPC did not cause any perturbations of the endocrine system or mutagenic, cytotoxic, or genotoxic effects. These findings substantiate the safe clinical use of P. cauliflora.

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Melo, KCB, Araújo, FdS, Cordeiro Júnior, CCM, de Andrade, KTP, and Moreira, SR. Pilates method training: Functional and blood glucose responses of older women with type 2 diabetes. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1001-1007, 2020-The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of the Pilates method on the functional capacity (FC) and glycemic control of older women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twenty-two women with T2D were randomized into control (CONTROL: 67.5 ± 6.3 years; 154.7 ± 6.1 cm; 73.5 ± 6.1 kg) and Pilates (PILATES: 65.5 ± 5.5 years; 155.0 ± 4.5 cm; 66.2 ± 5.4 kg) groups, which held sessions of 60 minutes at a frequency of 3 times per week during 12 weeks. Blood glucose was measured before and after sessions in PILATES, as well as in moments of pre, rest, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the PILATES and CONTROL interventions. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level before and after 12 weeks of the intervention was evaluated. The general index of the FC (GIFC) was obtained through a battery of tests for older patients with T2D. Analysis of variance detected differences in the GIFC for PILATES vs. CONTROL, respectively, in 4 weeks (30.3 ± 4.6 vs. 34.8 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), 8 weeks (29.2 ± 4.5 vs. 34.6 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), and 12 weeks (27.2 ± 4.0 vs. 35.3 ± 4.6 seconds; p < 0.05). PILATES presented a difference in postprandial glycemia pre- vs. 4 and 12 weeks (246.1 ± 58.5 vs. 219.9 ± 59.9 and 207.6 ± 49.1 mg·dl, respectively; p < 0.05), as well as in HbA1c pre- vs. 12 weeks (7.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.7 ± 0.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). Differences in postprandial glycemia (p < 0.05) were found in PILATES before vs. after sessions, respectively, of 1st-12th (217.1 ± 49.1 vs. 157.9 ± 55.7 mg·dl), 13th-24th (204.5 ± 44.7 vs. 146.3 ± 44.5 mg·dl), and 25th-36th (214.3 ± 40.4 vs. 152.7 ± 52.0 mg·dl). A correlation between postprandial glycemia and GIFC after 12 weeks was detected (r = 0.37; p = 0.04). It is concluded that 12 weeks of the Pilates method induces improvement and relationship in the FC and glycemic control in older women with T2D.

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Tea leaves of Alibertia edulis is popularly used in folk medicine. However, studies on the genotoxicity of this plant are not available. We aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of the aqueous extract of A. edulis leaves (AEAE). Antioxidant assays, the Artemia salina test, MTT in human platelets, micronucleus in bone marrow and comet in peripheral blood were performed. Animals received four different doses of the AEAE by oral gavage for 30 days. Saline and cyclophosphamide were used as controls. The AEAE exhibited a maximal inhibition at 100 and 250 µg/mL, according to the ABTS and DPPH methods, respectively. The A. salina assay showed that the AEAE presented some toxicity at doses of 100, 250 and 500 µg/mL. Through the MTT assay, the AEAE showed no toxic effects on human platelets during the incubation period. The alkaline comet assay showed that all doses of the AEAE were statistically similar to the negative control group since they did not induce any significant increase of the overall number of damaged cells nor the severity of the cell damage. In the micronucleous assay, results demonstrate that the AEAE did not increase the production of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and was statistically similar to the negative control. The four doses of the plant extract did not affect the production of new erythrocytes and were statistically similar to the negative control groups. Furthermore, the AEAE demonstrated no cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity at the doses tested in rats.

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ABSTRACT Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition of unknown cause that involves large vessels - particularly the aorta and its branches - such as the carotid, coronary, pulmonary, and renal arteries. The left subclavian artery is the most frequently involved vessel. Stenosis of the renal artery has been reported in 23-31% of the cases and may result in malignant hypertension, ischemic renal disease, decompensated heart failure, and premature death. Involvement of both renal arteries is uncommon. Early onset anuria and acute kidney injury are rare and have been reported only in a few cases in the literature. This report describes the case of a 15-year-old female with constitutional symptoms evolving for a year, combined with headache, nausea, and vomiting, in addition to frequent visits to emergency services and insufficient clinical examination. The patient worsened significantly six months after the onset of symptoms and developed acute pulmonary edema, oliguria, acute kidney injury, and difficult-to-control hypertension, at which point she was admitted for intensive care and hemodialysis. Initial ultrasound examination showed she had normal kidneys and stenosis-free renal arteries. The patient was still anuric after 30 days of hospitalization. A biopsy was performed and revealed her kidneys were normal. Computed tomography angiography scans of the abdominal aorta presented evidence of occlusion of both renal arteries. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for Takayasu arteritis and had a severe complication rarely described in the literature: stenosis of the two renal arteries during the acute stage of ischemic renal disease.

RESUMO A Arterite de Takayasu (AT) é uma doença inflamatória crônica, granulomatosa, de causa desconhecida, que afeta grandes vasos, principalmente a aorta e seus ramos, incluindo artérias carótidas, coronárias, pulmonares e renais, sendo a artéria subclávia esquerda o vaso mais acometido. A estenose da artéria renal é relatada em 23-31% dos casos e pode resultar em hipertensão maligna, insuficiência renal por isquemia, descompensação cardíaca e morte prematura. O acometimento bilateral de artérias renais é incomum, sendo rara a presença de anúria súbita e lesão renal aguda como sintoma inicial da doença, com poucos relatos na literatura. O caso reporta uma adolescente de 15 anos com sintomas constitucionais durante um ano de evolução, associados a problemas como cefaleia, náuseas e vômitos, com idas frequentes a serviços de emergência, sem adequada investigação clínica. Após 6 meses do início dos sintomas, a paciente evoluiu de forma grave, com quadro de edema agudo de pulmão, oligúria, lesão renal aguda e hipertensão arterial de difícil controle, sendo necessário suporte em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e hemodiálise. A ultrassonografia inicial mostrava rins normais e artérias renais sem sinais de estenose. Após 30 dias de internamento, paciente permanecia anúrica, sendo realizada biópsia renal que se mostrou dentro dos padrões da normalidade. Angiotomografia de aorta abdominal evidenciou oclusão bilateral de artérias renais. A paciente descrita fechou critérios diagnósticos para arterite de Takayasu e manifestou uma complicação grave pouco descrita na literatura: estenose bilateral de artérias renais, ainda na fase aguda da nefropatia isquêmica.

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Whey protein (WP) is a dairy food supplement and, due to its effects on fat-free mass (FFM) gain and fat mass (FM) loss, it has been widely consumed by resistance training practitioners. This review analyzed the impact of WP supplementation in its concentrated (WPC), hydrolyzed (WPH) and isolated (WPI) forms, comparing it exclusively to isocaloric placebos. Random effect meta-analyses were performed from the final and initial body composition values of 246 healthy athletes undergoing 64.5 ± 15.3 days of training in eight randomized clinical trials (RCT) collected systematically from five scientific databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was statistically significant for FM loss (WMD = -0.96, 95% CI = -1.37, -0.55, p < 0.001) and, in the analysis of subgroups, this effect was maintained for the WPC (WMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -1.19, -0.06, p = 0.030), with protein content between 51% and 80% (WMD = -1.53; 95% CI = -2.13, -0.93, p < 0.001), and only for regular physical activity practitioners (WMD = -0.95; 95% CI = -1.70, -0.19, p = 0.014). There was no significant effect on FFM in any of the scenarios investigated (p > 0.05). Due to several and important limitations, more detailed analyses are required regarding FFM gain.

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Describing the bovine vaginal microbiota is essential to better understand its physiology and its impact on health maintenance. Despite the economic importance of reproduction of these animals, bovine vaginal microbial community is still poorly described in comparison with rumen microbiome. Previous studies of our group described the vaginal microbiota of Nellore, an important Bos taurus indicus breed, using metagenomics. In order to better understand this microbiota, the present work aims to investigate another important breed, Gyr. Results have shown bacterial dominance over Archaea and Fungi was observed, with the most abundant bacterial phylum (Firmicutes) representing 40-50% of bacterial population, followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The Fungi kingdom had the Mycosphaerella genus as its main representative, followed by Cladosporium. Archaea were observed at a very low abundance in all animals, with a high relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter genus. These results demonstrate a high microbial diversity on vaginal tract of Gyr, as demonstrated for Nellore and different from the previously described for other species. Our results indicate a great similarity between vaginal microbiota of Nellore and Gyr despite the differences in animal handling and genetic improvement. As observed for both breeds, individual variation is the largest source of microbial diversity between animals.

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