RESUMO
As plantas medicinais possuem substâncias ativas e, muitas vezes, o efeito tóxico sobre o organismo é desconhecido ou ignorado pelos usuários. A camomila é muito utilizada pela população, porém, contra-indicada para gestantes por possuir indícios de atividade emenagoga e relaxante da musculatura lisa. Por esses motivos, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do extrato aquoso de camomila na gestação e nos filhotes gerados. Foram utilizadas 9 ratas da linhagem Wistar, divididas em 3 grupos, D1 e D2 que receberam infusão de camomila a 5% e 10% respectivamente, e o grupo controle que recebeu soro fisiológico. Os tratamentos foram administrados por via oral, desde o 1º ao 7º dia após o cruzamento. Os parâmetros estudados foram: prevalência de abortos, ganho de peso materno durante a prenhez, morte fetal e materna, malformações fetais grosseiras, número de recém-nascidos, peso dos filhotes, e análise de reflexos neurológicos dos filhotes (postural, preensão e orientação) no 1º, 3º, 5º e 10º dias de vida. Houve gestação em 70% do grupo controle, 40% do D1 e 80% do D2. Não houve diferença no ganho de peso materno no 7º e 21º dia, porém, os grupos tratados obtiveram ganho de peso menor em relação ao controle no 14º dia de gestação (p=0,04). As diferenças entre o número de recém-nascidos não foram significantes. Quanto ao peso dos recém-nascidos, os animais tratados apresentaram menor ganho de peso aos dias 1, 3, 5, e 10 após o nascimento (p=0,005; p=0,001; p<0,001; p<0,001; respectivamente). Ocorreram diferenças no reflexo postural no 1º dia, ocorrendo aceleração (p=0,005); já no reflexo de preensão (p=0,006), e no reflexo de orientação (p=0,01) houve retardo no desaparecimento, sem alteração nos demais dias sobre os outros parâmetros avaliados. A camomila pode influenciar, tanto no ganho de peso materno durante a gestação, como no dos filhotes após o nascimento, e pode provocar alterações nos reflexos neurológicos. Não se observou alteração nos demais parâmetros estudados.
Medicinal plants have active substances and their toxic effect on the organism is often unknown or ignored by users. Chamomile has been widely used by the population; however, it is contraindicated for pregnant women due to evidence of its emmenagogue and relaxing activity on smooth muscles. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of chamomile on pregnancy and generated offspring. Nine Wistar rats were divided into three groups, D1 and D2, which received chamomile infusion at 5% and 10%, respectively, and the control group which received saline solution. Treatments were administered from the 1st to the 7th day after breeding. The studied parameters were abortion prevalence, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, fetal and maternal death, gross fetal malformation, newborn number, weight and neurological reflexes of the offspring on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th days of life. There was pregnancy in 70% of control group, 40% of D1 and 80% of D2. There was no difference in maternal weight gain on the 7th and 21st days; however, treated groups had smaller weight gain, compared to control, on the 14th day of pregnancy (p=0.04). The differences among newborn numbers were not significant. As to weight of newborns, treated animals had smaller weight gain on days 1, 3, 5 and 10 after birth (p=0.005; p=0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001; respectively). For neurological effects, there were differences in postural reflex on the 1st day, resulting in acceleration; on the other hand, for grasp (p=0.006) and orienting reflex (p=0.01), there was a delay in disappearing, and no changes occurred on the remaining days for the other assessed parameters. Chamomile may influence maternal weight gain during pregnancy, as well as offspring weight gain after birth, and may cause changes in neurological reflexes. There was no alteration in the remaining studied parameters.
Assuntos
Ratos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Camomila/toxicidade , Modelos Animais , Gravidez , TeratogêneseRESUMO
The androgen receptor (AR) is a protein encoded by the AR gene, which when mutated may affect spermatogenesis, the process in which spermatozoa are produced; thus, AR mutations could lead to male infertility. We examined exon 1 of the AR gene in men with idiopathic infertility. Blood or semen samples from 111 infertile, oligozoospermic (N = 31), asthenozoospermic (N = 23), teratozoospermic (N = 33), and azoospermic (N = 24) men were analyzed. The extracted DNA was amplified for the exon 1 region of the AR gene. There was a significant correlation between the absence of exon 1 in the AR gene and spermatogenesis defects (P = 0.015). This association was significant in teratozoospermic men (51.5% of the sample). We found that lack of amplification of exon 1 of the AR gene by polymerase chain reaction is associated with morphological defects in the spermogram.
Assuntos
Azoospermia/genética , Éxons , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Adulto , Brasil , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Microdeletions in Yq are associated with defects in spermatogenesis, while those in the AZF region are considered critical for germ cell development. We examined microdeletions in the Y chromosomes of patients attended at the Laboratory of Human Reproduction of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás as part of a screening of patients who plan to undergo assisted reproduction. Analysis was made of the AZF region of the Y chromosome in men who had altered spermograms to detect possible microdeletions in Yq. Twenty-three patients with azoospermia and 40 with severe oligozoospermia were analyzed by PCR for the detection of six sequence-tagged sites: sY84 and sY86 for AZFa, sY127 and sY134 for AZFb, and sY254 and sY255 for AZFc. Microdeletions were detected in 28 patients, including 10 azoospermics and 18 severe oligozoospermics. The patients with azoospermia had 43.4% of their microdeletions in the AZFa region, 8.6% in the AZFb region and 17.4% in the AZFc region. In the severe oligozoospermics, 40% were in the AZFa region, 5% in the AZFb region and 5% in the AZFc region. We conclude that microdeletions can be the cause of idiopathic male infertility, supporting conclusions from previous studies.
Assuntos
Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Y/ultraestrutura , Deleção de Genes , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Azoospermia/genética , Brasil , Fertilidade , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , EspermatogêneseRESUMO
Microdeletions in Yq are associated with defects in spermatogenesis, while those in the AZF region are considered critical for germ cell development. We examined microdeletions in the Y chromosomes of patients attended at the Laboratory of Human Reproduction of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás as part of a screening of patients who plan to undergo assisted reproduction. Analysis was made of the AZF region of the Y chromosome in men who had altered spermograms to detect possible microdeletions in Yq. Twenty-three patients with azoospermia and 40 with severe oligozoospermia were analyzed by PCR for the detection of six sequence-tagged sites: sY84 and sY86 for AZFa, sY127 and sY134 for AZFb, and sY254 and sY255 for AZFc. Microdeletions were detected in 28 patients, including 10 azoospermics and 18 severe oligozoospermics. The patients with azoospermia had 43.4% of their microdeletions in the AZFa region, 8.6% in the AZFb region and 17.4% in the AZFc region. In the severe oligozoospermics, 40% were in the AZFa region, 5% in the AZFb region and 5% in the AZFc region. We conclude that microdeletions can be the cause of idiopathic male infertility, supporting conclusions from previous studies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Cromossomos Humanos Y/ultraestrutura , Deleção Cromossômica , Deleção de Genes , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Azoospermia/genética , Brasil , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Espermatogênese , Fertilidade , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito da radiaçao ionizante em 12 coelhas (65 embrioes), em três diferentes momentos da gravidez: no momento do cruzamento / ovulaçao (hora zero), dois dias após e quatro dias após, com duas diferentes doses de irradiaçao: 5 cGy e 1O cGy. Seis coelhas (36 blastocistos) foram usadas como controles. O momento do cruzamento foi considerado a hora "zero". Após seis dias (ñ 60 minutos), os embrioes de cada coelha foram obtidos por lavagem do útero com meio de cultura. Os embrioes foram fixados em metanol por 48 horas, e corados com hematoxilina ácida de Mayer. Os seguintes parâmetros foram estudados: a - índice mitótico; b - malformaçoes do pólo embrionário. Nao se encontrou malformaçoes grosseiras do pólo embrionário. O índice mitótico foi alterado tanto pelo momento quanto pela dose irradiada.