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Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is one of the main pathogens associated with foodborne illnesses worldwide. Biofilm formation plays a significant role in the persistence of pathogens in food production environments. Owing to an increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is a growing need to identify alternative methods to control pathogenic microorganisms in poultry environments. Thus, this study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluate their antibiofilm activity against poultry-origin Salmonella Enteritidis in comparison to a chemical disinfectant. AgNPs were synthesized, characterized, and tested for their minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and antibiofilm activity against S. Enteritidis strains on polyethylene surfaces. The synthesized AgNPs, dispersed in a liquid medium, were spherical in shape with a mean diameter of 6.2 nm. AgNPs exhibited concentration-dependent bactericidal action. The bacterial reduction was significantly higher with AgNPs (3.91 log10 CFU [Formula: see text] cm-2) than that with sanitizer (2.57 log10 CFU âˆ™ cm-2). Regarding the time of contact, the bacterial count after a contact time of 30 min was significantly lower than that after 10 min. The AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity for the removal of biofilms produced by S. Enteritidis, demonstrating its potential as an alternative antimicrobial agent. The bactericidal mechanisms of AgNPs are complex; hence, the risk of bacterial resistance is minimal, making nanoparticles a potential alternative for microbial control in the poultry chain.

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Salmonella Gallinarum greatly impacts commercial flocks and vaccination with S. Gallinarum 9R (SG9R) is one of the most effective control strategies in some countries. However, mycotoxins can affect immunization success. Herein, we measured the cellular immune response in SG9R-vaccinated hens, quantified the impact of aflatoxins on the immune response, and determined whether the anti-mycotoxin additive (adsorbent) influences immunity after vaccination. One-day-old chicks of commercial laying hens were raised until 49 days of age and were assigned to six groups. T1 (control group): control diet (no detectable concentration of aflatoxin), no vaccine or adsorbent. T2: vaccine SG-9R at day 28, aflatoxins 2.5 ppm from day 1 to day 49, and adsorbent 2.5 Kg/ton. T3: control diet and vaccine. T4: aflatoxins and vaccine. T5: control diet and aflatoxins. T6: aflatoxins and adsorbent. Body weights were evaluated on days 1, 31, and 41. Cellular immune response was evaluated by flow cytometry at 31, 41, and 49 days of age. T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, phagocytic monocytes and heterophils were evaluated. Aflatoxins suppressed peripheral and mucosal helper T lymphocytes, and mucosal cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vaccinated birds (T2 and T4). However, inclusion of the adsorbent in the feed of vaccinated birds neutralized the effects of aflatoxin (T6). The concentration of immune cells may show differences after SG9R vaccination, particularly an increase in the monocyte concentration. The SG9R vaccine reduced the concentration of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes, making this marker a good parameter to analyze before and three weeks after immunization.

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INTRODUCTION: Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis. Despite its public health importance, the virulence factors and mechanisms underlying C. jejuni pathogenesis remain poorly understood and the relationships between these genes and the sources of the strains are not clear. We aimed to determine the virulence profiles of C. jejuni isolated from poultry and human cases of Campylobacteriosis. METHODOLOGY: A total of 50 strains of C. jejuni isolated from poultry and human cases of Campylobacteriosis were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of six pathogenic genes (flaA, iam, wlaN, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC). RESULTS: A total of 40% (10/25) of the human isolates presented only one virulence marker. In contrast, 64% (16/25) of the poultry-derived strains showed four or five virulence markers. cdtA and flaA occurred more frequently in poultry-derived strains than in human strains. Ten different virulence profiles were observed among the human isolates and 11 among the poultry strains. Only four profiles were common to both sources: profiles 3 (flaA, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC), 5 (cdtA and cdtB), 7 (flaA and cdtB), and 10 (iam, flaA, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC). The human-derived strains had a higher Shannon diversity index (1.9396) and Simpson index (0.8367), indicating a more diversified population than found in poultry (1.7742 and 0.7333, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found variations in the genetic profiles of the circulating strains based on the isolation source and genes that are potentially pathogenic to humans were detected in poultry-derived strains.

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Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacteria causing human gastroenteritis. Poultry is a major reservoir of Campylobacter spp. as well as the main source of transmission. Due to the increased occurrence of campylobacteriosis, poultry slaughterhouses are under pressure to deliver carcasses with low contamination. However, a few studies have been carried out to evaluate Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses in Brazilian slaughter lines. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at detecting and quantifying the thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. at different stages of the poultry slaughtering process. The samples were collected from 12 points in three slaughterhouses in southern Brazil, at an interval of 12 months, and were tested for Campylobacter spp. by conventional microbiological technique, the most probable number, and real-time PCR. A total of 432 samples were analyzed. The majority of strains belonged to Campylobacter jejuni (92%), and the flock positivity among the three techniques was similar in most cases. Campylobacter was detected in all slaughtering stages. Although contamination has remained similar (p > 0.05) throughout almost all the slaughter process, evisceration seemed to be an important source of contamination. Our results reinforce the idea that the final carcass quality after the slaughtering process is directly influenced by the level of contamination of the broiler flocks on arrival at the processing plant.

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INTRODUCTION: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for avian colibacillosis and human urinary tract infections, respectively. There are genetic similarities between the APEC and UPEC pathotypes, suggesting the APEC strains could be a potential reservoir of virulence and antimicrobial-resistance genes for the UPEC strains. This study aimed to characterize and compare APEC and UPEC strains regarding the phylogroup classification, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODOLOGY: A total of 238 APEC and 184 UPEC strains were selected and characterized. The strains were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility and classified into phylogenetic groups using a multiplex-PCR protocol. In addition, the APEC strains had previously been classified according to their in vivo pathogenicity. RESULTS: The results showed that both pathotypes had variation in their susceptibility to most of the antimicrobial agents evaluated, with few strains classified as multidrug resistant. The highest resistance rate for both pathotypes was to amoxicillin. Classifying the APEC and UPEC strains into phylogenetic groups determined that the most frequently frequencies were for groups D and B2, respectively. These results reflect the pathogenic potential of these strains, as all the UPEC strains were isolated from unhealthy patients, and most of the APEC strains were previously classified as pathogenic. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that distribution into phylogenetic groups provided, in part, similar classification to those of in vivo pathogenicity index, as it was possible to adequately differentiate most of the pathogenic and commensal or low-pathogenicity bacteria. However, no relationship could be found between the specific antimicrobial agents and pathogenicity or phylogenetic group for either pathotype.

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Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. There are few reports on Campylobacter strains isolated from Latin-American countries. Here, 140 C. jejuni strains isolated from cloacal and transport boxes swabs, water from chiller tanks, and broiler carcasses of five poultry companies in Southern Brazil were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze eight C. jejuni virulence markers: flaA, cadF, and invasion-associated (iam) genes, cdtABC operon (associated with the cytolethal distending toxin), and plasmidial virB11 and wlaN genes were present in 78.5%, 77.8%, 0%, 74.2%, 22.1%, and 10.7% of samples, respectively. There were 25 different virulence profiles: 1 (cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, flaA, and cadF), 2 (cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, flaA, cadF, and virB11), and 3 (cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, flaA, cadF, and wlaN) were the most common (> 60% of strains). We provide insight into factors related to the occurrence of this pathogen and their epidemiology.

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Salmonella spp. are among the leading pathogens responsible for foodborne illnesses worldwide. Bacterial communities use a quorum sensing (QS) system to control biofilm formation. QS is a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism involving compounds called auto-inducers (AI). Norepinephrine utilizes the same bacterial signaling of AI-3 and serves as a signal of QS. Acid stress is a challenge encountered by microorganisms in food processing environments and in the gastrointestinal tracts of hosts. Thus, adaptation to acidic environments may increase the pathogenicity of the strain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two concentrations of norepinephrine (100 µM and 250 µM) and acidification (pH 3.0) of the medium on the growth and adhesion of Salmonella Heidelberg strains isolated from poultry sources at 12 °C and 25 °C. Furthermore, three genes associated with the biofilm formation process were detected (adrA, csgD, and sidA). Norepinephrine stimulation did not influence the growth or adhesion of Salmonella Heidelberg strains, regardless of the catecholamine concentration and temperature. On the other hand, the use of acidified medium (pH 3.0) resulted in a significant reduction of growth and a significant increase of S. Heidelberg adhesion at both temperatures, indicating that the acidified medium favors the biofilm formation process. The adrA and sidA genes showed higher detection frequencies than csgD. Experiments analyzing the biofilm production process by S. Heidelberg strains are not common, and further studies are necessary to understand this complex process.

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Salmonella spp. are among the most important pathogens in poultry farming, and Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) is one of the most frequent serotypes isolated in Brazil. SH has a zoonotic potential and stands out as a pathogen that is difficult to eliminate from the poultry chain due to its resistance to disinfectants. One alternative to traditional disinfectants is the electrochemically-activated water (ECA), a bactericidal compound produced from the electrolysis of salt and water. ECA generators produce a compound that consists of free chlorine, hypochlorous acid, and other free radicals. This alternative control method is safe for human health and reduces environmental contamination. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of ECA against 30 SH isolates from poultry origin in scenarios that simulated the chiller environment (4°C, 5 and 50 parts per million [ppm], 5 and 40 min of exposure) and the cleaning and disinfection process (25°C, 200 ppm, 5 and 10 min of exposure). In the quantitative test, SH was susceptible to ECA. The mean bacterial counts decreased significantly compared to the control group, especially at 200 ppm. At this concentration, ECA inhibited the growth of almost 87% of the Salmonella strains, and the results showed a significant decrease in the mean bacterial counts for both exposure times (5 and 10 min). These findings demonstrate that ECA is effective against SH in vitro and it is a possible alternative to disinfection in the poultry industry for the control of this pathogen. However, in situ tests in the food industry are needed.

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Background: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible, respectively, for avian colibacillosis and for 80% of urinary tract infections in humans. E. coli control is difficult due to the absence of a reliable method to differentiate pathogenic and commensal strains. Genetic similarity between APEC and UPEC suggests a common ancestral origin and the capability of potentially pathogenic strains to affect human health. The classification in phylogenetic groups facilitates the identification of pathogenic strains. The objective of this work was to classify APEC and UPEC E. coli strains into phylogenetic groups and to associate it with in vivo pathogenicity.Materials, Methods & Results: 460 APEC and 450 UPEC strains, stored in BHI with glycerol at -80C, were selected. APEC strains were isolated from cellulitis, respiratory tract and poultry litter of broiler flocks from Southern Brazil. The UPEC strains from urinary tract infection were provided by a hospital in Porto Alegre. After DNA extraction, APEC and UPEC strains were classified into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) by a multiplex-PCR protocol for the detection of the chuA and yjaA genes and the TspE4.C2 DNA fragment. Phylogenetic groups were associated with pathogenicity indexes (PI), presented on a scale of 0 to 10, which were previously obtained through the inoculation of

RESUMO

Background: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible, respectively, for avian colibacillosis and for 80% of urinary tract infections in humans. E. coli control is difficult due to the absence of a reliable method to differentiate pathogenic and commensal strains. Genetic similarity between APEC and UPEC suggests a common ancestral origin and the capability of potentially pathogenic strains to affect human health. The classification in phylogenetic groups facilitates the identification of pathogenic strains. The objective of this work was to classify APEC and UPEC E. coli strains into phylogenetic groups and to associate it with in vivo pathogenicity.Materials, Methods & Results: 460 APEC and 450 UPEC strains, stored in BHI with glycerol at -80C, were selected. APEC strains were isolated from cellulitis, respiratory tract and poultry litter of broiler flocks from Southern Brazil. The UPEC strains from urinary tract infection were provided by a hospital in Porto Alegre. After DNA extraction, APEC and UPEC strains were classified into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) by a multiplex-PCR protocol for the detection of the chuA and yjaA genes and the TspE4.C2 DNA fragment. Phylogenetic groups were associated with pathogenicity indexes (PI), presented on a scale of 0 to 10, which were previously obtained through the inoculation of

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Background: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible, respectively, for avian colibacillosis and for 80% of urinary tract infections in humans. E. coli control is difficult due to the absence of a reliable method to differentiate pathogenic and commensal strains. Genetic similarity between APEC and UPEC suggests a common ancestral origin and the capability of potentially pathogenic strains to affect human health. The classification in phylogenetic groups facilitates the identification of pathogenic strains. The objective of this work was to classify APEC and UPEC E. coli strains into phylogenetic groups and to associate it with in vivo pathogenicity.Materials, Methods & Results: 460 APEC and 450 UPEC strains, stored in BHI with glycerol at -80C, were selected. APEC strains were isolated from cellulitis, respiratory tract and poultry litter of broiler flocks from Southern Brazil. The UPEC strains from urinary tract infection were provided by a hospital in Porto Alegre. After DNA extraction, APEC and UPEC strains were classified into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) by a multiplex-PCR protocol for the detection of the chuA and yjaA genes and the TspE4.C2 DNA fragment. Phylogenetic groups were associated with pathogenicity indexes (PI), presented on a scale of 0 to 10, which were previously obtained through the inoculation of

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Background: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible, respectively, for avian colibacillosis and for 80% of urinary tract infections in humans. E. coli control is difficult due to the absence of a reliable method to differentiate pathogenic and commensal strains. Genetic similarity between APEC and UPEC suggests a common ancestral origin and the capability of potentially pathogenic strains to affect human health. The classification in phylogenetic groups facilitates the identification of pathogenic strains. The objective of this work was to classify APEC and UPEC E. coli strains into phylogenetic groups and to associate it with in vivo pathogenicity.Materials, Methods & Results: 460 APEC and 450 UPEC strains, stored in BHI with glycerol at -80C, were selected. APEC strains were isolated from cellulitis, respiratory tract and poultry litter of broiler flocks from Southern Brazil. The UPEC strains from urinary tract infection were provided by a hospital in Porto Alegre. After DNA extraction, APEC and UPEC strains were classified into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) by a multiplex-PCR protocol for the detection of the chuA and yjaA genes and the TspE4.C2 DNA fragment. Phylogenetic groups were associated with pathogenicity indexes (PI), presented on a scale of 0 to 10, which were previously obtained through the inoculation of

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Background: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible, respectively, for avian colibacillosis and for 80% of urinary tract infections in humans. E. coli control is difficult due to the absence of a reliable method to differentiate pathogenic and commensal strains. Genetic similarity between APEC and UPEC suggests a common ancestral origin and the capability of potentially pathogenic strains to affect human health. The classification in phylogenetic groups facilitates the identification of pathogenic strains. The objective of this work was to classify APEC and UPEC E. coli strains into phylogenetic groups and to associate it with in vivo pathogenicity.Materials, Methods & Results: 460 APEC and 450 UPEC strains, stored in BHI with glycerol at -80C, were selected. APEC strains were isolated from cellulitis, respiratory tract and poultry litter of broiler flocks from Southern Brazil. The UPEC strains from urinary tract infection were provided by a hospital in Porto Alegre. After DNA extraction, APEC and UPEC strains were classified into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) by a multiplex-PCR protocol for the detection of the chuA and yjaA genes and the TspE4.C2 DNA fragment. Phylogenetic groups were associated with pathogenicity indexes (PI), presented on a scale of 0 to 10, which were previously obtained through the inoculation of

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Background: Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible, respectively, for avian colibacillosis and for 80% of urinary tract infections in humans. E. coli control is difficult due to the absence of a reliable method to differentiate pathogenic and commensal strains. Genetic similarity between APEC and UPEC suggests a common ancestral origin and the capability of potentially pathogenic strains to affect human health. The classification in phylogenetic groups facilitates the identification of pathogenic strains. The objective of this work was to classify APEC and UPEC E. coli strains into phylogenetic groups and to associate it with in vivo pathogenicity.Materials, Methods & Results: 460 APEC and 450 UPEC strains, stored in BHI with glycerol at -80C, were selected. APEC strains were isolated from cellulitis, respiratory tract and poultry litter of broiler flocks from Southern Brazil. The UPEC strains from urinary tract infection were provided by a hospital in Porto Alegre. After DNA extraction, APEC and UPEC strains were classified into four phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) by a multiplex-PCR protocol for the detection of the chuA and yjaA genes and the TspE4.C2 DNA fragment. Phylogenetic groups were associated with pathogenicity indexes (PI), presented on a scale of 0 to 10, which were previously obtained through the inoculation of

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The occurrence of Cytodites nudus and Laminosioptes cysticola mites is rare and there is no report of this simultaneous infestation in Brazilian scientific literature. C. nudus is known as the air sacs mite and may cause respiratory signs as well as pneumonia and weight loss when present in large numbers in the host. L. cysticola is found in connective tissue of galliforms and causes formation of small calcified subcutaneous nodules that can be confused with the characteristic nodules found in avian tuberculosis. In this paper are discussed the pathological findings of lesions caused by C. nudus and L. cysticola and their morphological characterization.

Cytodites nudus e Laminosioptes cysticola são ácaros cuja ocorrência é pouco relatada e cuja infestação simultânea nunca foi descrita na literatura científica brasileira. C. nudus é conhecido como ácaro dos sacos aéreos e pode provocar sinais respiratórios, pneumonia e emagrecimento, quando presente em grande número no hospedeiro. L. cysticola parasita o tecido conjuntivo de galiformes e provoca a formação de pequenos nódulos subcutâneos calcificados, que podem ser confundidos com nódulos de tuberculose aviária. No presente trabalho, são discutidos os aspectos patológicos das lesões causadas pelos ácaros C. nudus e L. cysticola e a caracterização morfológica desses parasitas.

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The occurrence of Cytodites nudus and Laminosioptes cysticola mites is rare and there is no report of this simultaneous infestation in Brazilian scientific literature. C. nudus is known as the air sacs mite and may cause respiratory signs as well as pneumonia and weight loss when present in large numbers in the host. L. cysticola is found in connective tissue of galliforms and causes formation of small calcified subcutaneous nodules that can be confused with the characteristic nodules found in avian tuberculosis. In this paper are discussed the pathological findings of lesions caused by C. nudus and L. cysticola and their morphological characterization.

Cytodites nudus e Laminosioptes cysticola são ácaros cuja ocorrência é pouco relatada e cuja infestação simultânea nunca foi descrita na literatura científica brasileira. C. nudus é conhecido como ácaro dos sacos aéreos e pode provocar sinais respiratórios, pneumonia e emagrecimento, quando presente em grande número no hospedeiro. L. cysticola parasita o tecido conjuntivo de galiformes e provoca a formação de pequenos nódulos subcutâneos calcificados, que podem ser confundidos com nódulos de tuberculose aviária. No presente trabalho, são discutidos os aspectos patológicos das lesões causadas pelos ácaros C. nudus e L. cysticola e a caracterização morfológica desses parasitas.

RESUMO

The occurrence of Cytodites nudus and Laminosioptes cysticola mites is rare and there is no report of this simultaneous infestation in Brazilian scientific literature. C. nudus is known as the air sacs mite and may cause respiratory signs as well as pneumonia and weight loss when present in large numbers in the host. L. cysticola is found in connective tissue of galliforms and causes formation of small calcified subcutaneous nodules that can be confused with the characteristic nodules found in avian tuberculosis. In this paper are discussed the pathological findings of lesions caused by C. nudus and L. cysticola and their morphological characterization.

Cytodites nudus e Laminosioptes cysticola são ácaros cuja ocorrência é pouco relatada e cuja infestação simultânea nunca foi descrita na literatura científica brasileira. C. nudus é conhecido como ácaro dos sacos aéreos e pode provocar sinais respiratórios, pneumonia e emagrecimento, quando presente em grande número no hospedeiro. L. cysticola parasita o tecido conjuntivo de galiformes e provoca a formação de pequenos nódulos subcutâneos calcificados, que podem ser confundidos com nódulos de tuberculose aviária. No presente trabalho, são discutidos os aspectos patológicos das lesões causadas pelos ácaros C. nudus e L. cysticola e a caracterização morfológica desses parasitas.

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A melhoria da qualidade do leite é um grande desafio para o setor leiteiro, tendo em vista que uma matéria prima de boa qualidade resulta num maior rendimento e qualidade dos derivados lácteos produzidos, trazendo benefícios para a indústria e para o consumidor. A análise da composição (teor de gordura e proteína bruta), a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) são instrumentos importantes na avaliação da qualidade do leite. O Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento implantou a Instrução Normativa 51/2002, que estabeleceu parâmetros para os componentes do leite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a situação da qualidade do leite na região do Vale do Taquari, sua variação ao longo do ano e sua adequação aos parâmetros da IN51. O estudo foi realizado no período de agosto de 2006 a agosto de 2007 (13 meses). Foram coletadas amostras de leite de 11 propriedades selecionadas, totalizando 143 amostras. Foram realizadas as análises de: CCS, CBT e composição do leite (teores de gordura e proteína bruta). Os valores médios das análises realizadas foram: gordura - 3,34%, proteína bruta - 3,09%, CCS - 6,0x10 5 células/mL e CBT - 1,07x106 UFC/mL. Com relação aos padrões da IN51, encontravam-se fora dos padrões estabelecidos para gordura, proteína bruta, CCS e CBT, respectivamente 9,79; 7,69; 14,69% e 29,37% das amostras. A composição químic

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A salmonelose humana é uma doença de ocorrência mundial, sendo Salmonella Enteritidis o sorovar mais isolado. A doença está associada ao consumo de produtos de origem animal, sendo que o ovo é considerado um dos principais transmissores. Muitos fatores podem influenciar na manutenção da bactéria na superfície e sua penetração no conteúdo interno, entre eles a qualidade da casca, a temperatura e a umidade do ar. Recomenda-se a refrigeração em todas as fases de processamento na cadeia produtiva de ovos, mas no Brasil não há exigência nem fiscalização para controle deste procedimento, podendo ocorrer quebra da cadeia de frio, submetendo os ovos a oscilações de temperatura e umidade. Muitos estudos utilizam métodos que favorecem o processo de contaminação dos ovos, mas não mimetizam as formas naturais de contaminação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo simular oscilações de temperatura e umidade durante o processamento de ovos in natura com casca contaminada artificialmente, e verificar a importância da qualidade da casca e dessas oscilações na manutenção do agente na superfície e sua consequente penetração no conteúdo. Nesse estudo utilizaram-se ovos de galinha com casca íntegra e casca defeituosa, artificialmente contaminados com fezes, contendo Salmonella Enteritidis. Submeteu-se esses ovos a armazenamento com oscilações de temperatura e umidade e fez-se a contagem bacteriana da s

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A melhoria da qualidade do leite é um grande desafio para o setor leiteiro, tendo em vista que uma matéria prima de boa qualidade resulta num maior rendimento e qualidade dos derivados lácteos produzidos, trazendo benefícios para a indústria e para o consumidor. A análise da composição (teor de gordura e proteína bruta), a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) são instrumentos importantes na avaliação da qualidade do leite. O Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento implantou a Instrução Normativa 51/2002, que estabeleceu parâmetros para os componentes do leite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a situação da qualidade do leite na região do Vale do Taquari, sua variação ao longo do ano e sua adequação aos parâmetros da IN51. O estudo foi realizado no período de agosto de 2006 a agosto de 2007 (13 meses). Foram coletadas amostras de leite de 11 propriedades selecionadas, totalizando 143 amostras. Foram realizadas as análises de: CCS, CBT e composição do leite (teores de gordura e proteína bruta). Os valores médios das análises realizadas foram: gordura - 3,34%, proteína bruta - 3,09%, CCS - 6,0x10 5 células/mL e CBT - 1,07x106 UFC/mL. Com relação aos padrões da IN51, encontravam-se fora dos padrões estabelecidos para gordura, proteína bruta, CCS e CBT, respectivamente 9,79; 7,69; 14,69% e 29,37% das amostras. A composição químic