RESUMO
Aging is characterized by increased reactive species, leading to redox imbalance, oxidative damage, and senescence. The adverse effects of alcohol consumption potentiate aging-associated alterations, promoting several diseases, including liver diseases. Nucleoredoxin (NXN) is a redox-sensitive enzyme that targets reactive oxygen species and regulates key cellular processes through redox protein-protein interactions. Here, we determine the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on NXN-dependent redox interactions in the liver of aged mice. We found that chronic alcohol consumption preferentially promotes the localization of NXN either into or alongside senescent cells, declines its interacting capability, and worsens the altered interaction ratio of NXN with FLII, MYD88, CAMK2A, and PFK1 proteins induced by aging. In addition, carbonylated protein and cell proliferation increased, and the ratios of collagen I and collagen III were inverted. Thus, we demonstrate an emerging phenomenon associated with altered redox homeostasis during aging, as shown by the declining capability of NXN to interact with partner proteins, which is enhanced by chronic alcohol consumption in the mouse liver. This evidence opens an attractive window to elucidate the consequences of both aging and chronic alcohol consumption on the downstream signaling pathways regulated by NXN-dependent redox-sensitive interactions.
RESUMO
Following an Assessment by the Autonomous University of Hidalgo State and the National Institute of Genomic Medicine, this erratum corrects the authorship of this article by adding Dulce María MORENO-GARCÍA as the first author.
RESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most frequent primary liver malignancy, is ranked as the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with its incidence expected to continue rising. One of the reasons is that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic options are ineffective. The development of HCC is attributed to a chronic exposition to either one or a combination of low amounts of different hepatotoxins, such as in hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin from contaminated foods, metabolic factors, and exposure to chemical carcinogens from tobacco smoke (Forner et al., 2018). Integrative studies combining exome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and the genomic characterization of HCC have shown that these etiological factors may raise the frequency of particular genetic alterations, resulting in intra-tumor heterogeneity that presents a huge challenge for treatment. For example, mutations in the catenin ß-1 (CTNNB1) gene (a proto-oncogene in the WNT signaling pathway that encodes the ß|-catenin transcription factor) are strongly associated with alcohol-related HCC, whereas mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes are the most commonly observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)|-associated HCC (Calderaro et al., 2017; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, 2017). The above findings emphasize the molecular diversity of HCC and the associations of different etiologies with distinct mechanisms in HCC progression. Consequently, prevention strategies are still attractive for HCC management.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/prevenção & controle , Tenebrio , Animais , Dietilnitrosamina , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Larva , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pupa , beta Catenina/análise , beta Catenina/genéticaRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises after a long period of exposition to etiological factors that might be either independent or collectively contributing. Several rodent models resemble human HCC; however, the major limitation of these models is the lack of chronic injury that reproducibly mimics the molecular alterations as it occurs in humans. Thus, we hypothesized that chronic administration of different DEN treatments identifies the best-fit dose to induce the HCC and/or to determine whether small DEN doses act synergistically with other known hepatotoxins to induce HCC in mice. C57BL/6â¯J male mice were intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 6â¯weeks with different DEN doses ranging from 2.5 to 40â¯mg/kg body weight; then, selected doses (2.5, 5 and 20â¯mg/kg) for 6, 10, 14, and 18â¯weeks. We demonstrated that DEN at 20â¯mg/kg promoted reactive oxygen species and 4-hydroxynonenal production, cell proliferation inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis, which in turn induced liver cancer by week 18. These parameters were established by evaluating histopathological changes, HCC markers such as glutathione S-transferase placental-1 (Gstp1), Cytokeratin-19 (Ck19) and prostaglandin reductase-1 (Ptgr1); that of Cyp2e1, a DEN metabolizing enzyme; and the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. While DEN at 2.5 and 5â¯mg/kg increased Gstp1 and Ck19, DEN at 20â¯mg/kg decreased them and Cyp2e1 expression and activity. In summary, our results demonstrate that DEN chronically administrated at 20â¯mg/kg induces the HCC, while DEN at 2.5 and 5â¯mg/kg could be useful in elucidating its synergistic effect with other hepatotoxic agents in mice.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Dietilnitrosamina/administração & dosagem , Dietilnitrosamina/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/induzido quimicamente , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/induzido quimicamente , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Fibrose/induzido quimicamente , Fibrose/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recently, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been studied with great interest due to their possible effects on human health. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 4.5 mT-120 Hz ELF-EMF on the development of preneoplastic lesions in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS: Male Fischer-344 rats were subjected to the modified resistant hepatocyte model and were exposed to 4.5 mT - 120 Hz ELF-EMF. The effects of the ELF-EMF on hepatocarcinogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle progression were evaluated by histochemical, TUNEL assay, caspase 3 levels, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. RESULTS: The application of the ELF-EMF resulted in a decrease of more than 50% of the number and the area of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive preneoplastic lesions (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively) and glutathione S-transferase placental expression (P = 0.01). The number of TUNEL-positive cells and the cleaved caspase 3 levels were unaffected; however, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, and cyclin D1 expression decreased significantly (P < or = 0.03), as compared to the sham-exposure group. CONCLUSION: The application of 4.5 mT-120 Hz ELF-EMF inhibits preneoplastic lesions chemically induced in the rat liver through the reduction of cell proliferation, without altering the apoptosis process.