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BACKGROUND: Nursing students manifest a distinct level of intellect and comprehension, impacting their attitudes and perceived significance of distance learning in education. This study examined the attitudes, perceived value, and academic motivation surrounding distance learning among Jordanian nursing students, offering insights crucial to optimizing their educational journey. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 298 undergraduate Jordanian nursing students was recruited from two public universities in rural cities in south Jordan. Data were collected via self-reported instruments (June 2022 to August 2022). A Pearson correlation and independent t-test were used to examine the relationship between variables. RESULTS: The mean age of students was 20.9 years (SD = 1.16), and most students have a low perceived value of distance learning (n = 181, 60.7%). Most students (n = 179, 60.1%) have negative attitudes toward distance learning, and only 39.9% reflected positive attitudes. More than half of the participants (n = 166, 55.7%) reflected less academic motivation toward distance learning. Positive significant relationships were found between students' perceived value of distance learning and their attitudes and academic motivation toward distance learning; low perceived value of distance learning was related significantly with low attitudes (r = 0.844, p < 0.01) and less academic motivation toward it (r = 0.721, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Nursing students' perceived value, attitudes, and academic motivation toward DL in rural regions is inadequate. Educators must provide valuable visions to expand the quality of health education in rural universities and improve health care.

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In the present work, one of the leading health issues i.e. cancer was targeted by synthesizing and biologically investigating the potential of pyrazine-based thiazolidinone derivatives (1-13). The basic structure of the synthesized compounds was determined using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HREI-MS. These scaffolds were studied for their biological profiles as anti-cancer as well as anti-urease agents. The biological effectiveness of these compounds was compared using the reference tetrandrine (IC50 = 4.50 ± 0.20 µM) and thiourea (IC50 = 5.10 ± 0.10 µM), respectively. Among novel compounds, scaffold 3, 6, 7 and 10 demonstrated an excellent potency with highest inhibitory potential (IC50 = 1.70 ± 0.10 and 1.30 ± 0.20 µM), (IC50 = 4.20 ± 0.10 and 5.10 ± 0.30 µM), (IC50 = 2.10 ± 0.10 and 3.20 ± 0.20 µM) and (IC50 = 2.70 ± 0.20 and 4.20 ± 0.20 µM), respectively, out of which scaffold 3 emerged as the leading compound due to the presence of highly reactive -CF3 moiety which interacts via hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking investigations of the potent compounds was also carried out which revealed the binding interactions of ligands with the active sites of enzyme. Moreover, the electronic properties, nucleophilic and electrophilic sited of the lead compounds were also studied under density functional theory (DFT).

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BACKGROUND: In Jordan, nurses consider a primary providers of direct patient care, and play a multifaceted role in ensuring healthcare quality. The study aimed to examines the moderating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between workload and healthcare quality, job burnout and healthcare quality, and turnover intention and healthcare quality. METHODS: A cross-sectional research approach was adopted among 311 from Registered Nurses (RN) across Jordanian hospitals. Job satisfaction, workload scale and job burnout scale were shared between March and April 2023. RESULTS: The overall findings indicate that workload, job burnout, and turnover intention are negatively and significantly related to healthcare quality, and that job satisfaction moderates the relationship between workload and healthcare quality, job burnout and healthcare quality, and turnover intention and healthcare quality. These findings have broad implications for healthcare organizations, emphasizing the pivotal role of job satisfaction in mitigating the negative effects of workload, burnout, and turnover intentions among nurses. CONSULSION: Strategies to enhance job satisfaction, such as reducing work-related stress and fostering supportive work environments, should be prioritized by healthcare policymakers and institutions to ensure the delivery of high-quality patient care.

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Background: In the realm of academia, the publication of scientific research is not merely an act of dissemination; it serves as a pivotal milestone that signifies the culmination of rigorous investigation, critical analysis, and intellectual contribution. Aim: To examine the challenges and barriers encountered by faculty members in the process of publishing their work. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted from 1 March to 1 May 2022. A convenience sample of 358 faculty members from eight universities in Egypt, representing a diverse range of faculties. These faculties comprised five practical disciplines, namely, Nursing, Medicine, Science, Pharmacy, and Engineering, as well as three theoretical faculties including Al-Alsun (Languages), Arts, and Commerce. The universities involved in the study included Ain Shams, Cairo, Mansoura, Benha, Assiut, 6th of October, British University in Egypt (BUE), among others. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that included staff characteristics and barriers to scientific research and publishing. Hypothesis testing was conducted using appropriate statistical analysis methods (e.g., Chi-square test) to assess the relationships between faculty members' characteristics and barriers to publishing. Results: The faculty staff in our study reported the highest barriers to publishing scientific research in the domains of the reviewing process (74%), institutional support (67%), and scientific publishing process (60.9%). Conversely, the lowest barriers were found in the domains of frustration after rejection (55.1%), scientific writing barriers (46.1%), and loss of passion and causation of publishing barriers (41.3%). Conclusions: The results highlighted the need for increased support and resources to overcome these barriers and foster a positive culture of research and publishing in Egyptian universities.

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OBJECTIVES: One of the largest health concerns, postpartum depression (PPD), has detrimental effects on new mothers, their child, and their family. Investigating under-researched risk factors for postpartum depression in Asian women is the goal of this review of the literature. METHODS: The literature was searched using a number of electronic research databases. This review included studies that meet the following requirements: (a) they evaluated risk variables; (b) they were conducted in Asian countries using quantitative or qualitative methods; and (c) they were published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 2007 and 2023. A total of 90 studies from 14 different countries were reviewed, compiled, and synthesized. RESULTS: In Asian countries, where rates ranged from 0.82 % to 93 %, South Korea and Japan had the lowest and highest rates of postpartum depression, respectively. The risk factors for postpartum depression were divided into five main categories: biological/physical (e.g., ABO blood group, oxytocin level), psychological (e.g., antenatal depression, body dissatisfaction, child care stress), obstetric/pediatric (e.g., loss of baby, abortions, pain), socio-demographic (e.g., low social support, poverty, loss of autonomy), and cultural (e.g., gender preference). CONCLUSION: This phenomenon is prevalent in Asian cultures as it is in European Countries. The repercussions of untreated postpartum depression can lead to long-term psychological and developmental issues in children and strain the familial bonds essential for a nurturing environment. Moreover, understanding the specific risk factors faced by Asian women can pave the way for culturally sensitive interventions and support systems designed to address and mitigate these challenges effectively.

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Organizational change is a complex process that often faces high failure rates due to challenges in managing transition issues. The role of emotional intelligence in fostering readiness for organizational change among nurses remains understudied, especially in the context of Jordan. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and readiness for organizational change among Jordanian nurses working in governmental hospitals. A descriptive cross sectional correlational design was used. A convenient sampling method was used to enroll Jordanian nurses from different governmental hospitals, with a resulting final sample of 250 nurses. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was run using descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings revealed that the participants had moderate levels of emotional intelligence with a mean score of (M = 87.96, SD = 26.59). The participants demonstrated strengths in understanding their own emotions, perceiving others' emotions, and setting goals. They also showed good control of their emotions and a positive self-perception. Regarding readiness for organizational change, the mean score was (M = 39.58, SD = 11.16), suggesting a moderate level of readiness. The participants exhibited commitment, motivation, and confidence in handling challenges associated with change. A strong positive relationship between emotional intelligence and readiness for change commitment (r = .942, P < .01), change efficacy (r = .935, P < .01), and total readiness for change (r = .951, P < .01) were exist. Moreover, age and years of experience were negatively correlated with readiness for change. There was a strong and significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and readiness for change. This emphasizes the importance of developing emotional intelligence abilities among nurses to facilitate successful change processes in healthcare organizations.

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Child abuse is a global problem. Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a result of child abuse, with shaking being the most common form of maltreatment, causing mortality or severe brain damage in infants. A lack of awareness of SBS among current and future healthcare professionals can have serious consequences. To date, no studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to examine student nurses' awareness of SBS, so we sought to assess this issue in an academic institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. For this questionnaire-based study, we employed a cross-sectional, descriptive design. The target population was nursing students from every year of study in the institution's five-year undergraduate nursing programme, who received an online questionnaire during the 2022-2023 academic year. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Of the 293 respondents, 100.0% confirmed that they were not aware of SBS through their nursing curricula, and 62.1% reported not being made aware of SBS at all during their academic journey. The majority of participants were unaware of the negative consequences of shaking a baby. Most were not aware that shaking a baby vigorously can cause permanent blindness (73.4%), postural impairments (56.7%), sleep disorders (61.1%), or convulsions (60.1%). The results of our study revealed a statistically significant relationship between nursing students' awareness of SBS and both their year of study and marital status. Those at higher academic levels and those who were married were more aware of SBS. To improve nursing students' knowledge of SBS and help them to better inform the public of this syndrome, particularly parents, child maltreatment topics should be added to nursing curricula in Saudi Arabia, and their importance should be emphasised. This will help reduce the prevalence and burden of SBS nationally.

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INTRODUCTION: Existing research has shown that intimate partner violence (IPV) may hinder maternal access to healthcare services, thereby affecting maternal and child health. However, current studies have ignored whether emotional intimate partner violence (EV) could negatively affect maternal healthcare use. This study aims to evaluate the impact of invisible IPV on maternal healthcare utilization in Pakistan. METHODS: We analyzed nationally representative data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey database from 2012-2013 and 2017-2018. Exposure to physical intimate partner violence (PV) and EV was the primary predictor. Based on women's last birth records, outcomes included three binary variables indicating whether women had inadequate antenatal care (ANC) visits, non-institutional delivery, and lack of postnatal health check-ups. A logistic regression model was established on weighted samples. RESULTS: Exposure to EV during pregnancy was significantly associated with having inadequate ANC visits (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.38, p = 0.033) and non-institutional delivery (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.57, p = 0.001). Lifetime exposure to EV was associated with increased risks of inadequate ANC visits (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.19, p = 0.049). Lifetime exposure to low-scale physical intimate partner violence (LSPV) (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.31, p < 0.001) was associated with increased risks of having no postnatal health check-ups. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women who experienced EV and LSPV are at greater risk of missing maternal healthcare, even if the violence occurred before pregnancy. Therefore, in countries with high levels of IPV, early screening for invisible violence needs to be integrated into policy development, and healthcare providers need to be trained to identify EV and LSPV.

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Background: Applying cognitive defusion techniques to enduring psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, presents both a challenge and a promising opportunity for psychiatric nurses to manage delusions among schizophrenia clients. Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of cognitive defusion techniques on psychological flexibility, mindful awareness, cognitive fusion, and the believability of delusions in schizophrenia clients. Methodology: This study used a single-blind, parallel-arm Randomized Controlled Trial design. Over five weeks, 70 clients with schizophrenia were randomized to either the cognitive defusion intervention group (n = 35) or the control group (n = 35). Findings: The participants showed significant reductions in the believability of delusions, cognitive fusion, and psychological inflexibility immediately after the intervention and at follow-up. Notable enhancements were observed in cognitive defusion and mindfulness awareness abilities. Conclusion: Cognitive defusion techniques positively affect schizophrenia clients who struggle with persistent delusional beliefs. This underscores the importance of further investigating this approach to decrease the intensity of delusions as part of a comprehensive therapeutic intervention. Psychiatric nurses must receive training in "cognitive defusion skills" to aid schizophrenia clients in becoming more aware of their emotions and modifying their coping strategies for delusional beliefs. On August 3, 2023, the research was retrospectively registered under the reference number NCT05759091 as a randomized clinical trial. Clinical trial registration: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05759091, identifier NCT05759091.

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BACKGROUND: The mental and emotional health of persons diagnosed with cancer is frequently affected. The acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is one of the psychological interventions that has proven successful in easing these psychological symptoms and enhancing cancer patients' psychological well-being. METHODS: A two-arm randomized controlled trial study was utilized, 30 eligible clients with colorectal cancer were chosen randomly and were given ACT therapy at a 1:1 ratio. ACT was delivered in six sessions for 3 weeks, followed by 3 months follow-up. RESULTS: The table shows a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of the mental health and its flourishing level among the study group than those of the control group. Cognitive impairment was significantly decreased among the study group than for those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The ACT-based interventions may be a promising approach for improving mental health and cognitive function in cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease.

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The current study details a sequence of sequential reactions for synthesizing bis-indole-based triazine bearing thiazole derivatives. Several steps were involved in the synthesis of bis-indole-based triazine bearing thiazole derivative. The synthetic reactions were monitored via thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Synthesized compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-EIMS. The inhibitory activity against urease enzyme of these synthesized compounds was compared with that of thiourea, a standard drug (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.20 µM). A range of inhibitory potencies were observed for the synthesized compounds, ranging from moderate to excellent, as follows (IC50 = 5.10 ± 0.40 µM to 29.80 ± 0.20 µM). Analyzing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) provided insight into the results, showing that different substituents had different effects on aromatic rings. Several compounds displayed outstanding inhibitory properties (among those tested were 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 with IC50 = 6.30 ± 0.80, 5.10 ± 0.40, 5.90 ± 0.50, 8.20 ± 0.10, 8.90 ± 0.60 µM, respectively). Anti-urease evaluation of all the synthesized derivatives was conducted in which the selected compounds have shown remarkable potency compared with the standard drug thiourea (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.20 µM). Molecular docking analysis was carried out for investigating the better binding sites and distance of the derivatives. Moreover, the drug-like properties were explored by the ADME attributes of the synthesized analogs.

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Pakistan is one of two countries globally still endemic for poliovirus. While increasing immunization coverage is a concern, providing equitable access to care is also a priority, especially for conflict-affected populations. Recognizing these challenges, Naunehal, an integrated model of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH), immunization, and nutrition services delivered through community mobilization, mobile outreach, and private-sector engagement was implemented in conflict-affected union councils (UCs) with high poliovirus transmission, including Kharotabad 1(Quetta, Balochistan) and Bakhmal Ahmedzai (Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). A quasi-experimental pre-post-design was used to assess the impact of the interventions implemented between April 2021 and April 2022, with a baseline and an endline survey. For each of the intervention UCs, a separate, matched-control UC was identified. At endline, the proportion of fully immunized children increased significantly from 27.5% to 51.0% in intervention UCs with a difference-in-difference (DiD) estimate of 13.6%. The proportion of zero-dose children and non-recipients of routine immunization (NR-RI) children decreased from 31.6% to 0.9% and from 31.9% to 3.4%, respectively, with a significant decrease in the latter group. Scaling up and assessing the adoption and feasibility of integrated interventions to improve immunization coverage can inform policymakers of the viability of such services in such contexts.

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Dysferlinopathies refer to a spectrum of muscular dystrophies that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. They are caused by mutations in the DYSF gene, which encodes the dysferlin protein that is crucial for repairing muscle membranes. This review delves into the clinical spectra of dysferlinopathies, their molecular mechanisms, and the spectrum of emerging therapeutic strategies. We examine the phenotypic heterogeneity of dysferlinopathies, highlighting the incomplete understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations and discussing the implications of various DYSF mutations. In addition, we explore the potential of symptomatic, pharmacological, molecular, and genetic therapies in mitigating the disease's progression. We also consider the roles of diet and metabolism in managing dysferlinopathies, as well as the impact of clinical trials on treatment paradigms. Furthermore, we examine the utility of animal models in elucidating disease mechanisms. By culminating the complexities inherent in dysferlinopathies, this write up emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary approaches, precision medicine, and extensive collaboration in research and clinical trial design to advance our understanding and treatment of these challenging disorders.

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Most existing graph neural networks (GNNs) learn node embeddings using the framework of message passing and aggregation. Such GNNs are incapable of learning relative positions between graph nodes within a graph. To empower GNNs with the awareness of node positions, some nodes are set as anchors. Then, using the distances from a node to the anchors, GNNs can infer relative positions between nodes. However, position-aware GNNs (P-GNNs) arbitrarily select anchors, leading to compromising position awareness and feature extraction. To eliminate this compromise, we demonstrate that selecting evenly distributed and asymmetric anchors is essential. On the other hand, we show that choosing anchors that can aggregate embeddings of all the nodes within a graph is NP-complete. Therefore, devising efficient optimal algorithms in a deterministic approach is practically not feasible. To ensure position awareness and bypass NP-completeness, we propose position-sensing GNNs (PSGNNs), learning how to choose anchors in a backpropagatable fashion. Experiments verify the effectiveness of PSGNNs against state-of-the-art GNNs, substantially improving performance on various synthetic and real-world graph datasets while enjoying stable scalability. Specifically, PSGNNs on average boost area under the curve (AUC) more than 14% for pairwise node classification and 18% for link prediction over the existing state-of-the-art position-aware methods. Our source code is publicly available at: https://github.com/ZhenyueQin/PSGNN.

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AIM: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of a distance education training program on nurse interns' readiness for distance education and their perceptions of lifelong learning. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental research approach with one-group, pre/post-test was used. METHODS: The study used a quasi-experimental research approach and was carried out at Damanhour University's Faculty of Nursing. A study was carried out on 345 interns' students. All nursing interns enrolled in the 2020-2021 internship training year. The researchers employed a program that contained a distance education readiness assessment as well as a questionnaire about the perceived advantages of lifelong learning. RESULTS: The majority (99.7%) of nurse interns were highly ready for distance education, whereas only 0.3 percent were moderately ready following the training program implementation immediately. In comparison to pre-training, the majority (91.9%) of them were somewhat ready for distance education, while just 7.2 percent were highly prepared. Furthermore, the majority (97.1%) of them had high total skills of distance education after implementation of the training program by 3 months, and 95.4 percent had high total skills of learning immediately after the training program, whereas 26.1% of nurse interns had high total skills before the training program, at p value 0.01.

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Background: Quality of work life (QWL) refers to the degree to which employees contribute to the organization's goals while also experiencing personal and professional satisfaction. This study conducted to evaluate the quality of nursing work life (QNWL) level and its associated factors among nurses working in critical care units. Methods: A convenience sample technique among critical care nurses in Jordan by using a cross-sectional, descriptive design. A self-reported questionnaire was used. A Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Andersson and Lindgren questionnaires scale were used in data collection. Results: The total mean scores of QNWL were M = 86.17 (SD = 35.12), which is slightly below the expected middle value (87.5). The nurses have a higher psychological relation, M = 18.28 (SD = 8.99), whereas they have the lowest competence development, M = 11.44 (SD = 5.56). There was statistical significance between workplace noise, and workplace sources of noise, quality of sleep and QNWL. Conclusion: The outcomes also highlighted the significance of undertaking additional interventional research studies in the future in order to identify practical strategies to improve nurses QNWL. As a result, the nursing care given to the patients and their families may be improved.

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BACKGROUND: The eradication of poliovirus and improving routine immunization (RI) coverage rates present significant challenges in Pakistan. There is a need for interventions that focus on strengthening community engagement to improve routine immunization coverage. Our primary objective is to assess the impact of an integrated strategy designed to enhance community engagement and maternal and child health immunization campaigns on immunization coverage in Pakistan's high-risk union councils of polio-endemic districts. METHOD: We implemented an integrated approach for routine immunization and maternal and child health in the polio-endemic district of Pakistan. This approach involved setting up health camps and actively engaging and mobilizing the local community. An independent team conducted surveys at three key points: baseline, midline, and endline, to evaluate immunization coverage among children under the age of five. The primary outcome measures for the study were coverage of OPV, IPV, and changes in the proportion of unvaccinated and fully vaccinated children. To select clusters and eligible households in each cluster, we utilized a 30 × 15 cluster sampling technique. Multivariable associations between socio-demographic factors and changes in the proportion of fully vaccinated children at the UC level were assessed using hierarchical linear regression models. RESULTS: A total of 256,946 children under the age of five (122,950 at baseline and 133,996 at endline) were enrolled in the study. By the endline, full immunization coverage had increased to 60% or more in all three study areas compared to the baseline. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the coverage of both OPV and IPV across all three provinces at the endline. The full immunization rates were assessed on three levels of the framework: the distal, intermediate (access and environment), and proximal level (camp attendance and effectiveness). At the distal level, on multivariate analysis, family size was found to be a significant predictor of change in immunity within the families (ß = 0.68; p ≤ 0.0001). At the intermediate level, the likelihood of full immunization decreased with the decrease in knowledge about vaccination (ß = -0.38; p = 0.002), knowledge about polio vaccine (ß = -0.25; p = 0.011), and knowledge about IPV (ß = -0.06; p = 0.546). Perceived obstacles to vaccination were fear of adverse events (ß = -0.4; p ≤ 0.0001) and lack of education (ß = 0.23; p = 0.031), which were found to be significant in bivariate and multivariate analyses. At the proximal level, community mobilization (ß = 0.26; p = 0.008) and attendance at health camp (ß = 0.21; p ≤ 0.0001) were found to enhance full immunization coverage. On the other hand, the most prominent reason for not attending health camp included no need to attend the health camp as the child was not ill (ß = -0.13; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that community mobilization and attendance at health camps significantly enhanced full immunization coverage. The findings highlight the importance of community engagement and targeted interventions in improving immunization coverage and addressing barriers to healthcare seeking.

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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an enigmatic, ultra-rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification, wherein soft connective tissues undergo pathological transformation into bone structures. This incapacitating process severely limits patient mobility and poses formidable challenges for therapeutic intervention. Predominantly caused by missense mutations in the ACVR1 gene, this disorder has hitherto defied comprehensive mechanistic understanding and effective treatment paradigms. This write-up offers a comprehensive overview of the contemporary understanding of FOP's complex pathobiology, underscored by advances in molecular genetics and proteomic studies. We delve into targeted therapy, spanning genetic therapeutics, enzymatic and transcriptional modulation, stem cell therapies, and innovative immunotherapies. We also highlight the intricate complexities surrounding clinical trial design for ultra-rare disorders like FOP, addressing fundamental statistical limitations, ethical conundrums, and methodological advancements essential for the success of interventional studies. We advocate for the adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach that converges bench-to-bedside research, clinical expertise, and ethical considerations to tackle the challenges of ultra-rare diseases like FOP and comparable ultra-rare diseases. In essence, this manuscript serves a dual purpose: as a definitive scientific resource for ongoing and future FOP research and a call to action for innovative solutions to address methodological and ethical challenges that impede progress in the broader field of medical research into ultra-rare conditions.

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Background: In South Asia, women often experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and have limited access to maternal health services (MHS). However, the effects of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) visits remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of IPV of different forms and severities on ANC visits in South Asia. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the latest available data from demographic and health surveys conducted in Bangladesh, India, Afghanistan, Nepal, Maldives, and Pakistan. The study sampled 4467 women who had given birth within the past 12 months and were interviewed for IPV. IPV was measured by binary variables indicating the presence of physical violence (PV), categorised into less severe (LSPV) and severe physical violence (SPV), emotional violence (EV), and sexual violence (SV). ANC utilization was measured using binary variables indicating whether respondents had any, at least four, or at least eight ANC visits, as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Logistic regressions adjusted for survey weights were used to assess associations between ANC utilization and exposure to IPV during pregnancy and lifetime. Results: The prevalence of LSPV, SPV, EV, and SV during pregnancy were 14.5%, 4.4%, 11.6%, and 4.1%. LSPV experience during pregnancy was associated with decreased likelihoods of at least four ANC visits (odds ratio (OR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40-0.76) and eight ANC visits (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31-0.90). Results of lifetime exposure to IPV followed similar patterns. Lifetime exposure to LSPV was associated with decreased likelihoods of at least four ANC visits (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.41-0.74) and eight ANC visits (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.29-0.77). Conclusion: This study highlights the negativities of LSPV on the frequency of women seeking ANC visits. Policies are necessary to identify women at risk of the often-overlooked LSPV early and provide protective interventions to promote maternal health in South Asia.

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The ongoing pandemic COVID-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has wreaked havoc globally by affecting millions of lives. Although different countries found the implementation of emergency measures useful to combat the viral pandemic, many countries are still experiencing the resurgence of COVID-19 cases with new variants even after following strict containment guidelines. Country-specific lessons learned from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic can be utilized in commencing a successful battle against the potential future outbreaks. In this article, we analyzed the overall scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh from Alpha to Omicron variant and discussed the demographic, political, economic, social, and environmental influences on the mitigation strategies employed by the country to combat the pandemic. We also tried to explore the preparedness and precautionary measures taken by the responsible authorities, the choice of strategies implemented, and the effectiveness of the response initiated by the government and relevant agencies. Finally, we discussed the possible strategies that might help Bangladesh to combat future COVID-19 waves and other possible pandemics based on the experiences gathered from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.