RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walph) is predominantly consumed in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, and its biofortification with iron seeks to reduce the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in these regions. It is commonly eaten cooked; however, in the germinated form, it can improve nutritional quality by reducing the antinutritional factors and consequently improving the bioavailability of elements. The present study aimed to determine the physico-chemical characteristics, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron in biofortified germinated cowpea. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the germinated and cooked beans with regard to centesimal composition. Germinated beans had phytates and tannins similar to cooked beans. The phytate-iron molar ratio for all groups did not present a statistical difference (cooking 3.58 and 3.41; germinated 3.94 and 3.51), nor did the parameters evaluating in vivo iron bioavailability. Total phenolics was higher in the germinated group (cooking 0.56 and 0.64; Germinated 2.05 and 2.45 mg gallic acid kg-1 ). In vitro bioaccessibility of iron of germinated beans presented higher values (P ≤ 0.05) compared to cooked beans. There was higher expression of divalent metal transporter-1 in biofortified and germinated beans. CONCLUSION: The iron bioavailability from the biofortified and germinated beans was comparable to ferrous sulfate. Germination can be considered as an alternative and efficient method for consuming cowpea, presenting good iron bioaccessibility and bioavailability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Ferro/metabolismo , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vigna/metabolismo , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Culinária , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Germinação , Ferro/análise , Masculino , Valor Nutritivo , Ácido Fítico/análise , Ácido Fítico/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismo , Vigna/química , Vigna/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Model-based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs) are the current tools to estimate dose in brachytherapy, which takes into account heterogeneous medium, therefore, departing from water-based formalism (TG-43). One aspect associated to MBCDA is the choice of dose specification medium since it offers two possibilities to report dose: (a) dose to medium in medium, D m,m; and (b) dose to water in medium, D w,m. The discussion about the preferable quantity to be reported is underway. The dose conversion factors, DCF, between dose to water in medium, D w,m, and dose to medium in medium, D m,m, is based on cavity theory and can be obtained using different approaches. When experimental dose verification is desired using, for example, thermoluminescent LiF dosimeters, as in in vivo dose measurements, a third quantity is obtained, which is the dose to LiF in medium, D LiF,m. In this case, DCF to convert from D LiF,m to D w,m or D m,m is necessary. The objective of this study is to estimate DCFs using different approaches, present in the literature, quantifying the differences between them. Also, dose in water and LiF cavities in different tissue media and respective conversion factors to be able to convert LiF-based dose measured values into dose in water or tissue were obtained. Simple cylindrical phantoms composed by different tissue equivalent materials (bone, lung, water and adipose) are modelled. The phantoms contain a radiation source and a cavity with 0.002 69 cm3 in size, which is a typical volume of a disc type LiF dosimeter. Three x-rays qualities with average energies ranging from 47 to 250 keV, and three brachytherapy sources, 60Co, 192Ir and 137Cs, are considered. Different cavity theory approaches for DCF calculations and different cavity/medium combinations have been considered in this study. DCF values for water/bone and LiF/bone cases have strong dependence with energy increasing as the photon energy increases. DCF values also increase with energy for LiF/lung and water/lung cases but, they are much less dependent of energy. For LiF/adipose, water/adipose and LiF/water cases, the DCF values are also dependent of photon energy but, decreases as the energy increases. Maximum difference of 12% has been found compared to values in literature.
Assuntos
Braquiterapia , Método de Monte Carlo , Doses de Radiação , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Água , Algoritmos , Humanos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Fótons , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a commonly used scale to assess the functional outcome after stroke. Several studies on mRS showed good reliability, feasibility, and interrater agreement of this scale using a face-to-face assessment. However, telephone assessment is a more time-efficient way to obtain an mRS grade than a face-to-face interview. The aim of this study was to validate the telephone assessment of mRS among the Portuguese using a structured interview in a sample of Brazilian stroke patients. METHODS: We evaluated 50 stroke outpatients twice. The first interview was face-to-face and the second was made by telephone and the time between the two assessments ranged between 7 and 14 days. Four certified raters evaluated the patients using a structured interview based on a questionnaire previously published in the literature. Raters were blinded for the Rankin score given by the other rater. For both assessments, the rater could also interview a caregiver if necessary. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 62.8 ± 14.7, mean number of years of study 5.2 ± 3.4, 52% were males, 55.2% of patients needed a caregiver's help to answer the questions. The majority of caregivers were female (85%), mean age 49.1 ± 15, and mean number of years of study 8.3 ± 3.4. Perfect agreement between the telephone and face-to-face assessments was obtained for 27 (54%) patients, corresponding to an unweighted Kappa of 0.44 (95% CI 0.27-0.61) and a weighted Kappa of 0.89. The median of telephone assessment mRS was 3.5 (interquartile range = 2-4) and of face-to-face assessment was 4 (interquartile range = 2-5). There was no difference between the two assessments (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low education level of our sample, the telephone assessment of functional impairment of stroke patients using a translated and culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese version of the mRS showed good validity and reliability. Therefore, the telephone assessment of mRS can be used in clinical practice and scientific studies in Brazil.
Assuntos
Avaliação da Deficiência , Entrevistas como Assunto , Consulta Remota/instrumentação , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Telefone , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cuidadores/psicologia , Características Culturais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes/psicologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçãoRESUMO
Trata de um estudo transversal controlado, não intervencionista, realizado no ambulatório de infertilidade no Hospital Fêmina. Foram selecionadas pacientes provenientes do ambulatório de planejamento familiar que estavam buscando ligadura tubária. A escolha do grupo se deu por serem pacientes com prole já constituída, que estão buscando a esterilização, configurando, portanto num momento de vida oposto às pacientes com infertilidade. Foram incluídas pacientes com diagnóstico de infertilidade e pacientes que consultavam para a realização de ligadura tubária, com idade variando entre 19 e 45 anos. 67 pacientes aceitaram participar do estudo. Este estudo não demonstrou diferença na avaliação da qualidade de vida entre o grupo de infertilidade e o grupo controle. Pode-se concluir que as populações estudadas não apresentam diferenças quanto à qualidade de vida, depressão e ansiedade (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida , Infertilidade , Infertilidade FemininaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in treating depressive symptoms has been established by means of innumerable studies developed along the last decades. Electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective biological treatment for depression currently available. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the role of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression and highlight present aspects related to its practice. METHOD: We reviewed in the literature studies on efficacy, symptom remission, predictive response factors as well as current aspects regarding quality of life, the patients' perception, mechanism of action, technique and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The main results found in the this revision were: 1) electroconvulsive therapy is more effective than any antidepressant medication; 2) the remission of depression with electroconvulsive therapy varies, in general, from 50 to 80%; 3) The effect of electroconvulsive therapy in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels is still controversial; 4) electroconvulsive therapy has a positive effect in the improvement of quality of life; 5) patients submitted to electroconvulsive therapy have, in general, a positive perception about the treatment. CONCLUSION: Electroconvulsive therapy remains a highly efficacious treatment in treatment-resistant depression. With the improvement of its technique, electroconvulsive therapy has become an even safer and more useful procedure both for the acute phase and for the prevention of new depressive episodes.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Eletroconvulsoterapia/normas , Eletroconvulsoterapia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Metanálise como Assunto , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on clinical and quality of life improvement in patients hospitalized at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and to compare psychopathology measures between the patient's and the physician's perspectives. METHODS: In a longitudinal and observational study, 58 patients who submitted to ECT were assessed for clinical symptoms and quality of life before and 24 hours after treatment. Symptoms were assessed using the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale 32 (BASIS-32), Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale--Anchored (BPRS-A), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life--Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) assessment. RESULTS: Of 58 patients assessed, 25 (43.1%) had major depression and 23 (39.7%) had bipolar disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy was indicated because of resistant depression in 47 patients (81.1%). There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the periods before and after ECT in BASIS-32, BPRS-A, and CGI scores and in all WHOQOL domains, with greater difference in physical and psychological domains than in social relationships and environment. Size effects of BASIS-32 and BPRS scales were similar. CONCLUSION: Electroconvulsive therapy is associated with improvement in symptoms and in quality of life of patients with psychiatric disorders, which could be seen in measurements assessed by physicians (BPRS and CGI) and by patients (WHOQOL and BASIS-32). There was similarity between the patient's and the physician's perspectives.
Assuntos
Eletroconvulsoterapia , Adulto , Anestesia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Brasil , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Eletroconvulsoterapia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objetivo: A eficácia da eletroconvulsoterapia em tratar sintomas depressivos está estabelecida por meio de inúmeros estudos desenvolvidos durante as últimas décadas. A eletroconvulsoterapia é o tratamento biológico mais efetivo para depressão atualmente disponível. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar o papel da eletroconvulsoterapia no tratamento da depressão e destacar aspectos atuais relativos à sua prática. Método: Foram revisados na literatura estudos de eficácia, remissão de sintomas, fatores preditores de resposta, assim como aspectos atuais acerca da qualidade de vida, percepção dos pacientes, mecanismo de ação, técnica e prejuízo cognitivos. Resultados: Os principais achados desta revisão foram: 1) a eletroconvulsoterapia é mais efetiva do que qualquer medicação antidepressiva; 2) a remissão da depressão com a eletroconvulsoterapia varia, em geral, de 50 a 80%; 3) Ainda é controverso o efeito da eletroconvulsoterapia nos níveis de fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (acho que aqui pode colocar entre parenteses o BNDF); 4) a eletroconvulsoterapia tem efeito positivo na melhora da qualidade de vida; 5) os pacientes submetidos à eletroconvulsoterapia, em geral, têm uma percepção positiva do tratamento. Conclusão: A eletroconvulsoterapia permanece sendo um tratamento altamente eficaz em pacientes com depressão resistente. Com o avanço da sua técnica, a eletroconvulsoterapia tornou-se um procedimento aindamais seguro e útil tanto para a fase aguda, quanto para a prevenção de novos episódios depressivos.
Objective: The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in treating depressive symptoms has been established by means of innumerablestudies developed along the last decades. Electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective biological treatment for depression currently available. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the role of lectroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression and highlight present aspects related to its practice. Method: We reviewed in the literature studies on efficacy, symptom remission, predictive response factors as well as current aspects regarding quality of life, the patients perception, mechanism of action, technique and cognitive impairment. Results: The main results found in the this revision were: 1) electroconvulsive therapy is more effective than any antidepressant medication; 2) the remission of depression with electroconvulsive therapy varies, in general, from 50 to 80%; 3) The effect of electroconvulsive therapy in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels is still controversial; 4) electroconvulsive therapy has a positive effect in the improvement of quality of life; 5) patients submitted to electroconvulsive therapy have, in general, a positive perception about the treatment. Conclusion: Electroconvulsive therapy remains a highly efficacious treatment in treatment-resistant depression. With the improvement of its technique, electroconvulsive therapy has become an even safer and more useful procedure both for the acute phase and for the prevention of new depressive episodes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Eletroconvulsoterapia/normas , Eletroconvulsoterapia/efeitos adversos , Metanálise como Assunto , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Os autores tecem comentários sobre a violência sexual contra a mulher, bem como as definiçöes pertinentes. É exaltada a importância da criaçäo da Delegacia para a Mulher e nela säo pesquisados os registros de estupro ocorridos em Porto Alegre-RS nos anos de 1999 e 2000. Säo abordados aspectos do exame ginecológico e do resguardo de provas médico-legais, bem como as medidas profiláticas referentes à gestaçäo, às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e às seqüelas psico-sexuais. Ressalta-se a importância do seguimento dessas pacientes como importante elemento terapêutico. Os autores destacam que este atendimento holístico permitirá que a mulher violentada, recupere sua integridade física, social, psicológica e sexual mais rapidamente e com um mínimo cicatriz.