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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training (20 WCT) intervention program on gender-specific body composition and metabolic variables in obese adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sample was composed of twenty-five obese adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 (13.4 ± 0.96) years. Fat-free mass (FFM), percentage trunk fat mass (TFM%) and percentage fat mass (%FM) were evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurement of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) was performed using ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured and blood samples analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and plasma glucose. All participants performed the concurrent training (combination of weight training and aerobic training) three times per week, one hour per day, for 20 weeks. Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures were used to compare baseline, 10 week and 20 week moments using the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant decrease in TC, LDL-c and TFM% were verified in both genders after the 10 initial weeks of concurrent training. RESULTS: A significant increase in height was found in both the male and female groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively), after 20 weeks of concurrent training. In addition, several modifications were observed in body composition and metabolic variables, with a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017), BMI z-score (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004), FM% (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002), TFM% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018), TC (p = 0.042 and p = 0.001) and LDL-c (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) in the male and female groups, respectively, after 20 weeks of intervention when compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: Our results identified that concurrent training was an effective intervention for treating metabolic variable and body composition disorders, in both genders, by decreasing adiposity with consequent improvement in BMI and BMI z-scores, and enhancement in lipid profile variables.

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Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training (20 WCT) intervention program on gender-specific body composition and metabolic variables in obese adolescents.Subjects and methods Sample was composed of twenty-five obese adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 (13.4 ± 0.96) years. Fat-free mass (FFM), percentage trunk fat mass (TFM%) and percentage fat mass (%FM) were evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurement of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) was performed using ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured and blood samples analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and plasma glucose. All participants performed the concurrent training (combination of weight training and aerobic training) three times per week, one hour per day, for 20 weeks. Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures were used to compare baseline, 10 week and 20 week moments using the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant decrease in TC, LDL-c and TFM% were verified in both genders after the 10 initial weeks of concurrent training.Results A significant increase in height was found in both the male and female groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively), after 20 weeks of concurrent training. In addition, several modifications were observed in body composition and metabolic variables, with a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017), BMI z-score (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004), FM% (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002), TFM% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018), TC (p = 0.042 and p = 0.001) and LDL-c (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) in the male and female groups, respectively, after 20 weeks of intervention when compared with baseline.Conclusion Our results identified that concurrent training was an effective intervention for treating metabolic variable and body composition disorders, in both genders, by decreasing adiposity with consequent improvement in BMI and BMI z-scores, and enhancement in lipid profile variables.

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Comparar efeito do treinamento concorrente e o treinamento funcional na composição corporal, perfil lipídico e esteatose hepática não alcoólica (EHNA) em adolescentes obesos. Estudo longitudinal/analítico por amostragem não aleatória. Amostra de 49 adolescentes obesos (treinamento concorrenteENT#091;n=36ENT#093;; treinamento funcionalENT#091;n=13ENT#093;). Nos dois tipos de treinamento físico 50% de atividade aeróbia, e 50% resistida (concorrente: musculação; funcional: peso do próprio corpo e/ou pesos livres). Para distribuição normal aplicou-se Teste t de Student para dados pareados. Treinamento concorrente apresentou redução para lipoproteína de baixa densidade (-16,45%), colesterol total (-11,55%), gordura corporal (-8,52%) e gordura de tronco (-9,95%) e aumento da massa muscular (5,05%). Treinamento funcional reduziu 76,9% a ocorrência da EHNA, gordura corporal (-4,97%), gordura intra-abdominal (-19,90%), e aumento na massa muscular (4,18%). Devido ao alto acometimento da EHNA neste grupo, futuras investigações se fazem necessárias. Para tanto, o treinamento concorrente parece ser uma ferramenta útil para o tratamento da EHNA em adolescentes obesos.

To compare the effect of concurrent and functional exercise training on body composition, lipid profile and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese adolescents. Longitudinal/analytical study by non-random sampling carried out with 49 obese adolescents (n=36 in concurrent and n=13 in functional exercise training). Both protocols had 50% of the session designed to aerobic activities and the other half session to resistance and functional training (activities using self-body weight and dumbbells). Set data had normal distribution and the paired sample t test was applied. Concurrent exercise training decreased low density lipoprotein (-16.45%), total cholesterol (-11.55%), body fatness (-8.52%), trunk fatness (-9.95%) and increased fat free mass (5.05%). On the other hand, functional exercise training decrease body fatness (-4.97%), trunk fatness (-5.11%), intra-abdominal adiposity (-19,9%), increase fat free mass (4.18%) and occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (reduction of 76.9%). Concurrent training seems a relevant tool to the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese adolescents.

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BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder associated with excessive fat accumulation, mainly in the intra-abdominal region. A simple technique to estimate abdominal fat in this region could be useful to assess the presence of NAFLD, in obese subjects who are more vulnerable to this disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to verify the reliability of waist circumference and body composition variables to identify the occurrence of NAFLD in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Sample was composed of 145 subjects, aged 11 to 17 years. Assessments of waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TFM) and fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ultrasound for diagnosis of NAFLD and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) were used. Correlation between variables was made by Spearman's coefficients; ROC curve parameters (sensitivity, specificity, area under curve) were used to assess the reliability of body composition variables to assess the presence of NAFLD. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between NAFLD and WC (p = 0.001), TFM (p = 0.002) and IAAT (p = 0.001). The higher values of area under the ROC curve were for WC (AUC = 0.720), TFM (AUC = 0.661) and IAAT (AUC = 0.741). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that TFM, IAAT and WC present high potential to identify NAFLD in obese children and adolescents.

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INTRODUÇÃO: As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a creatina quinase (CK) séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA) e controles (CA). O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal). Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício. RESULTADOS: ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais. .

INTRODUCTION: The responses to acute exercise on biomarkers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) serum levels have been little investigated in diabetic rats. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on the concentrations of CK and ALP as well as evaluating the hydration status in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were used male Wistar rats, young adults, divided into two groups: diabetic (DA) and controls (CA). The diabetes was induced in the rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks after confirmation of diabetes, both groups were subjected to an acute swim session for 30 min, with aerobic load (4.5% body weight). Glucose, hematocrit, CK, ALP, albumin and lactate kinetics during exercise were evaluated by collecting 25µL of blood from the tail of the animals in minutes 0, 10, 20 and 30 of exercise. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and post hoc Tukey test showed significant decrease of glycemia after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in CK after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in hematocrit for both groups after exercise and maintenance of ALP after exercise for the DA group. CONCLUSION: The acute aerobic exercise was effective in controlling glucose levels in diabetic rats. However, it should be applied with caution, because it induced high CK values, suggesting possible tissue damage. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las respuestas al ejercicio agudo de los biomarcadores, como la fosfatasa alcalina (FA) y la creatina quinasa (CK) séricas han sido poco investigadas en ratones diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico agudo sobre las concentraciones de CK y FA, bien como evaluar el estado hídrico en ratones diabéticos experimentales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Fueron utilizados ratones Wistar machos, adultos jóvenes, distribuidos en dos grupos: diabéticos (DA) y controles (CA). La diabetes fue inducida por medio de la administración de aloxana monohidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Dos semanas después de la confirmación de la diabetes, ambos grupos fueron sometidos a una sesión aguda de natación por 30 minutos, con carga aeróbica (4,5% del peso corporal). Fueron evaluados: Glucosa, hematocrito, CK, FA, albumina y La cinética de lactato durante el ejercicio por medio de colectas de 25 µL de sangre de la cola de los animales, en los minutos 0, 10, 20 y 30 de ejercicio. RESULTADOS: ANOVA de dos factores para medidas repetidas y el test post hoc de Tukey apuntaron disminución significativa de los valores de glicemia después del ejercicio para el grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK después del ejercicio para el grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematocrito para ambos grupos después del ejercicio y mantenimiento de la FA después del ejercicio para el grupo DA. CONCLUSIÓN: El ejercicio agudo aeróbico fue eficiente en el control de los niveles glicémicos de ratones diabéticos. Entretanto, debe ser aplicado con cautela, pues indujo altos valores de CK, sugiriendo posibles lesiones tisulares. .

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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown an association between adiposity, especially intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and hemodynamic/metabolic comorbidities in adults, however it is not clear in pediatric population. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and components of metabolic syndrome (MS) with values of intra-abdominal (IAAT) and subcutaneous (SCAT) adipose tissue in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: 182 obese sedentary children and adolescents (aged 6 to 16 y), identified by the body mass index (BMI). MEASUREMENTS: Body composition and trunk fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry- DXA; lipid profile, blood pressure and pubertal stage were also assessed. NAFLD was classified as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2) and severe (3), and intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness were identified by ultrasound. The MS was identified according to the cut offs proposed by World Health Organization adapted for children and adolescents. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the binary logistic regression indicated the magnitude of the associations adjusted by potential cofounders (sex, age, maturation, NAFLD and HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Higher quartile of SCAT was associated with elevated blood pressure (p = 0.015), but not associated with NAFLD (p = 0.665). Higher IAAT was positively associated with increased dyslipidemia (p = 0.001), MS (p = 0.013) and NAFLD (p = 0.005). Intermediate (p = 0.007) and highest (p = 0.001) quartile of IAAT were also associated with dyslipidemia, independently of age, sex, maturation, NAFLD and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance). CONCLUSION: Obese children and adolescents, with higher IAAT are more prone to develop MS and NAFLD than those with higher values of SCAT, independent of possible confounding variables.

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