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The Tropical climate imposes a high level of physiological stress, which could modify the target heart rate in training load prescription, as the recommendations are often determined by maximal oxygen uptake testing in temperature-neutral laboratories. To test this hypothesis, 7 high-level cyclists performed two randomised maximal tests in neutral (19.2±0.9°C; 51.7±1.3% RH) and Tropical environment (25.8±1.1°C; 63.7±2.3% RH). Neither maximal oxygen uptake nor ventilatory threshold was influenced by the environmental conditions. However, ventilation (p<0.005) and the respiratory equivalent in O(2) (p<0.05) were significantly higher in the Tropical environment, whereas maximal power output and the time to attain maximal oxygen uptake were significantly lower (p<0.05 for both). Moreover, the ventilatory cost of cycling (expressed in LW(-1)) was significantly greater in the Tropical condition (0.40±0.03LW(-1) vs. 0.32±0.05LW(-1), in Tropical vs. Neutral; condition effect: p<0.005; condition × time: p<0.001). Rectal temperature was influenced by neither the environmental conditions nor exercise (36.7±0.1 and 37.0±0.1°C vs. 36.8±0.1 and 37.1±0.2°C, in Tropical vs. Neutral, before and after exercise) but was influenced by condition × time (p<0.05). The heart rate (HR) values usually used for training prescription were not significantly different (154±5bpm vs. 156±4bpm and 172±4bpm vs. 167±4bpm in Tropical vs. Neutral climate, for the first and second thresholds, respectively). We concluded that the usual parameters measured during maximal exercise to establish training programs are not impaired in moderate Tropical environment. Nevertheless, the thermal stress attested by the increased ventilatory cost of cycling could have prevented the cyclists from performing a true maximal test in Tropical conditions.

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OBJECTIVE: Obesity is the source of many health problems in Guadeloupe. The aim of this study was to describe the relationships between daily energy intake and expenditure, and weight status. METHODS: Three consecutive daily recalls for activities and food intake were used to assess energy expenditure and energy intake in 20to 60year old Guadeloupian men and women. RESULTS: The absolute daily energy expenditure was correlated to the body weight (r = 0.64, p > 0.001) and to the daily energy intake with more strength in the normalweight group (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) than in the overweight group (r = 0.26, p < 0.05). in both weight groups, the higher the metabolism was, the larger was the difference between energy intake and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: Under-reporting was probably present in overweight women. However, higher energy intake and expenditure were observed in larger persons who were consequently not identified as less active.

OBJETIVO: La obesidad es fuente de muchos problemas de salud en Guadalupe. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las relaciones entre la ingesta energética y el gasto de energía diarios, y el estado del peso. MÉTODOS: Tres reportes consecutivos diarios sobre las actividades y la ingesta de alimentos, fueron usados para evaluar el gasto de energía y el consumo de energía fueron usados el consume de alimentos fueron usados para evaluar el gasto de energía y la ingesta energética en hombres y mujeres guadalupanos de 20 a 60 años de edad. RESULTADOS: El valor absoluto del gasto diario de energía fue correlacionado con el del peso del cuerpo (r = 0.64, p > 0.001) y la ingesta diaria de energía con más fuerza en el grupo de peso normal (r = 0.52, p < 0.001 que en el grupo de sobrepeso (r = 0.26, p < 0.05). en ambos grupos, mientras más alto era el metabolismo, mayor era la diferencia entre la ingesta y el consumo de energía. CONCLUSIÓN: En el caso de las mujeres obesas, probablemente los reportes quedaron por debajo de la realidad. Sin embargo, se observaron ingesta y gasto de energía más altos en personas más corpulentas, que por consiguiente no fueron identificadas como menos activas.

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The status of ethnic minority has been reported to be associated with a tendency toward sedentary behavior. The Guadeloupean population is composed of Afro-Caribbeans and an Asian Indian minority. This study examined the association of ethnicity and physical activity on the island. Energy expenditures (EE), energy intakes (EI), and macronutrient intakes of 122 Guadeloupean workers (60 Indians and 62 controls) were assessed by three consecutive 24-h recalls. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to test the hypothesis of an effect of ethnicity, taking the potential effect of sex into account, on these variables. Asian Indians reported lower EE (P=0.011), lower EE/EI ratios (P=0.001), and lower physical activity (P=0.003) than their Afro-Carribean counterparts. Their food intakes were not different in terms of EI or macronutrient intake. No sex x ethnicity interactions were significant. The present study reports a tendency toward physical inactivity in Asian Indians of Guadeloupe associated with EI similar to those of controls. Sedentary lifestyles and energetic imbalances are well-documented risk factors for several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both major public health concerns in Guadeloupe. Strategies to prevent sedentary lifestyles should be considered for Asian Indian Guadeloupeans.

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OBJECTIVE: Obesity is the source of many health problems in Guadeloupe. The aim of this study was to describe the relationships between daily energy intake and expenditure, and weight status. METHODS: Three consecutive daily recalls for activities and food intake were used to assess energy expenditure and energy intake in 20- to 60-year-old Guadeloupian men and women. RESULTS: The absolute daily energy expenditure was correlated to the body weight (r = 0.64, p > 0.001) and to the daily energy intake with more strength in the normal-weight group (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) than in the overweight group (r = 0.26, p < 0.05). In both weight groups, the higher the metabolism was, the larger was the difference between energy intake and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: Under-reporting was probably present in overweight women. However, higher energy intake and expenditure were observed in larger persons who were consequently not identified as less active.

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This study investigated 1) whether ventilatory and lactic thresholds (VT and LT, respectively) are different in sickle cell trait carriers (SCTc) and subjects with normal hemoglobin (control group), and 2) whether the first LT and VT and the second LT and VT are respectively coincident in the two populations. Seven SCTc and 8 control subjects performed an incremental exercise test (IET). Blood lactate concentration and cardioventilatory variables were analyzed at rest and during IET. No significant difference in the ventilatory parameters (notably, maximal oxygen uptake [VO (2max)] and the ventilatory thresholds) or the lactic thresholds was observed between the two groups. In both SCTc and control subjects, the LTs and VTs did not occur at the same exercise intensity. The first VT did not coincide with the first LT, in contrast with the second VT and the second LT, which coincided in both groups. In conclusion, SCTc exhibited normal ventilatory and lactic responses during a progressive and maximal exercise test assessing aerobic physical fitness.

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