RESUMO
Este trabalho avaliou a eficácia preemptiva da dipirona (100 e 200 mg/kg EV), em ratos anestesiados, antes ou após a sutura de uma incisão cirúrgica na pata.Os animais foram sacrificados 2h após para avaliar-se a contagem dos neurônios imunorreativos para a proteína Fos (Fos-ir) na medula espinhal. A redução de Fos-ir não se relacionou com o momento de administração da dipirona (pré ou pós-incisional), não se caracterizando eficácia preemptiva para este fármaco.This prospective, randomized and placebo-controlled study aimed at evaluate the preemptive value of 100 and 200 mg/kg IV dipyrone given 10 minutes before or immediately after closure of a surgical incision in the plantar aspect of the right hindpaw of anesthetized rats. Rats were sacrificed 2h after and spinal cords were studied to quantify the laminar distribution of Fos-immunoreactive neurons (Fos-ir) (laminae I-X).c-fos reduction was not related to timing of administration of dipyrone (pre versus post-incisional); therefore, no preemptive efficacy was observed...
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Analgesia , Anestesia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Dipirona/administração & dosagem , Genes fos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Medula Espinal/imunologia , Células do Corno Posterior , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/imunologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Background and objectives - The quality of obstetric anesthesia is directly related the to organization of obstetric anesthesia services. In Brazil, there is a lack of information on such services. The purpose of thisstudy was to charcterize the material and human resources and the functional organization of obstetric services in public, private and university affiliated hospitals in the city of Säo Palo. Methods - Questionnaires were sent to the chiefsof obstetric anesthesia services services of 75 hospitals located in the cityof Såo Paulo, which had more than 100 deliveries in 1991. Fifty-six were private,15public and 4 university hospitals. The questionnaires included 4 parts aimingat the characterizati0n of: size of hospitals and type of patient; physical and material resources available; human resources available, their qualification andorganization; preferred anesthetic techniques. Results - Fifty hospitals responded,33 being private, 13 public and 4 university affiliated. The majority of thehospitals are middle to large sized, with a great number of deliveries per year. Patients under the Public Health Care System are taken care of in almost all publichospitals (92.5 percent) and in all university hospitals. Support services are available in the great majority of the hospitals, although there is a lack of blood banks in private hospitals and of intensive care beds in public hospitals. The anesthesiologist is present in the hospital during 24 hours a day in 92 pre cent of the studied hospitals and is responsible for the administration of anesthesia in 98.0 per cent of them. The qualification of the anesthesiologists regarding basic training programs in anesthesiology is satisfactory, but only a small percentage is Board Certified (Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology) or has any academic titles. The anesthetic technique is standardized in only 16,0 per cent ofthe hospitals. Equipment and monitoring devices are available in most of the hospitlas, although there is a lack of mandatory devices in some; however, even when available, monitoring resources are often underutilized. Medical school affiliation and academic activities prevail in public hospitals. The routine use of new techniques and the participation of the anesthesiologist in the postanestheticperiod occurred more frequently in private hospitals. Conclusions - The conditions for the practice of obstetric anesthesia in the fifty hospitals studied in Säo Paulo are satisfactory. However, some important problems were detected such asthe lack of mandatory equipment in some hospitals, lack of standards of practiceand the underutilization of monitoring resources, even when available