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BACKGROUND: A COVID-19 pandemic erupted, causing a global viral pneumonia outbreak, marking the most significant public health crisis of the 21st century. These changes profoundly impacted population health and well-being, leading to shifts in dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis study derived from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel, 2019-2021) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 17 statistical program in the survey module (svy). RESULTS: We found an increased frequency in the subgroups of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the capital of the Brazilian Amazon region between the years 2019 and 2021. In the cities of Boa Vista and Macapá, there was a significant increase in the consumption of snacks, salty snacks, cookies, and meat products. Boa Vista and Macapá showed an increase in the percentage difference in the consumption ≥5 of ultra-processed subgroups, being 30.4% (p = 0.014) and 53.7% (p = 0.014), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon region during and after social distancing.

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The north region of Brazil is characterized by significant vulnerabilities, notably surpassing national poverty indicators. These disparities exacerbated the impact of respiratory illnesses on the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in areas with limited healthcare resources, inadequate infrastructure, and barriers to healthcare access. The crisis was further influenced by multiple lineages that emerged as significant virus variants associated with increased transmissibility. Within this context, our ecological study focused on analyzing the epidemiological evolution of COVID-19 in the state of Acre. We constructed time-series trends in incidence, lethality, and mortality from March 2020 to December 2022 using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Our findings revealed that in 2020, there was an increasing trend in incidence, while mortality and lethality continued to decrease (p < 0.05). In the following year, both incidence and mortality decreased, while lethality increased at a rate of 1.02% per day. By the end of 2022, trends remained stationary across all rates. These results underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance and adaptive public health measures to bolster the resilience of healthcare systems in remote and vulnerable regions. Indeed, continuous monitoring of the most predominant SARS-CoV-2 lineages and their dynamics is imperative. Such proactive actions are essential for addressing emerging challenges and ensuring effective responses to adverse situations.

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Beer is one of the oldest and most known alcoholic beverages whose organoleptic characteristics are the attributes that the consumer seeks, which is why it is essential to ensure proper quality control of the final product. Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis can be an alternative to traditional methods to predict quality parameters in craft beer. This study aims to develop prediction models based on FT-MIR spectroscopy to simultaneously quantify quality parameters (color, specific gravity, alcohol volume, bitterness, turbidity, pH, and total acidity) in craft beer. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied, and it was possible to classify craft beer samples according to their style. Partial least squares (PLS1) developed the best predictive model by obtaining higher R2c (0.9999) values and lower standard error of calibration (SEC: 0.01-0.11) and standard error of prediction (SEP: 0.01-0.14) values in comparison to the models developed with the other algorithms. Specific gravity could not be predicted due to the low variability in the values. Validation and prediction with external samples confirmed the predictive capacity of the developed model. By making a comparison to traditional techniques, FT-MIR coupled with multivariate analysis has a higher advantage, since it is rapid (approximately 6 min), efficient, cheap, and eco-friendly because it does not require the use of solvents or reagents, representing an alternative to simultaneously analyzing quality parameters in craft beer.

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Resumen: La paz ambiental y la gobernanza para el cuidado del páramo la Cortadera en Boyacá para la disminución de riesgos que aceleran el cambio climático es esen cial en tanto podría ser una ruta que supere la evidente falta de articulación entre las instituciones gubernamentales y la comunidad para hacer frente a si tuaciones de riesgo como la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y la afectación paramuna debido a la falta de interés estatal ante la propuesta de una conver sión productiva y económica que dé paso a la transición de prácticas agrícolas tradicionales a unas más ecosostenibles.

Abstract: Environmental peace and governance for the care of the Cortadera Paramo in Boyacá for the reduction of risks that accelerate climate change is essential as it could be a route to overcome the evident lack of coordination between gover nment institutions and the community in order to address risk situations, such as the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the highland affectation due to the lack of state interest in the proposal of a productive and economic conver sion that would lead to the transition from traditional agricultural practices to more eco-sustainable ones.

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Northeast Brazil is a region with great international tourist potential. Among the states that make up this region, Paraíba stands out due to the presence of vulnerable groups and factors that contribute to adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological data on the incidence, mortality, and case fatality of COVID-19 in Paraíba. An ecological, population-based study was performed, with data extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Health database. All cases and deaths from COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2022 were included. The time series was built by applying the Prais-Winsten regression model, and the daily percent change was calculated to analyze the trends. The highest case fatality of the entire period was in April 2020 (7.8%), but in March 2021, the state broke the dismal record of 1248 deaths and the highest mortality rate (30.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants). Stationary mortality and case fatality were better in 2022; however, in February 2022, the mortality rate was at levels similar to the same month of the previous year. These results illustrate that COVID-19 is evolving and needs to be constantly monitored.

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INTRODUCTION: Spinal anaesthesia consists of administering a local anaesthetic in the subarachnoid space, thus causing sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve conduction block. Currently, recovery from spinal anaesthesia is evaluated by the return of motor function, without considering the autonomic blockade, which is responsible for most complications of the technique. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indirect method to measure the autonomic nervous system and may be useful in assessing autonomic recovery after spinal anaesthesia. The study objective was to evaluate the autonomic function, through HRV, at the moment of return of motor function in patients who received spinal anaesthesia when clonidine is used as an adjuvant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a randomised, double-blind clinical trial. The sample consisted of 64 ASA I-II patients who underwent spinal anaesthesia and were divided into 2 groups. Group C received 20 mg of bupivacaine with 75 mcg of clonidine, and group B received 20 mg of bupivacaine. HRV was evaluated at rest (T1) and at the time of motor function recovery (T2). Data were collected using a Polar V800® heart rate monitor and then analysed and filtered using Kubios 3.0® software. RESULTS: There was no difference in the values of the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, Poincaré plot standard deviation (SD2/SD1), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAα1, DFAα2), or correlation dimension (D2) indices in any of the groups between the 2 moments. In the clonidine group, there was a difference only in approximate entropy (ApEn), where a P of 0.0124 was obtained considering a 95% confidence interval ranging from 17.83 to 141.47. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between the duration of sympathetic blockade and motor blockade in spinal anaesthesia.

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Introduction: the United Nations recognizes traffic accidents as a serious public health problem all over the world, because they are accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality rate. Traffic causes the death of approximately 1.3 million people and the disability of millions more.Objective: to evaluate mortality from traffic accidents among motorcyclists, pedestrians and hospital costs that occurred in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1999 to 2019.Methods: this is a retrospective time series study with official micro data, collected by place of occurrence among motorcycle drivers, pedestrians and hospital costs from 1999 to 2019, in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Results: in the city of São Paulo, from 1999 to 2019, there were 144,186 thousand deaths resulting from land transport accidents, projecting 5,293 thousand deaths specifically with motorcyclists. Proportional mortality from was higher in the mean age group of 29 years, predominantly in males, with emphasis on white race/skin color. The costs per death stand out for motorcyclists with an average of R$: 49,078.18, with regard to deaths by sex, male predominated in relation to female.Conclusion: there was a high death rate, both in motorcyclists and pedestrians, with the latter having a higher average. Thus, these findings provide relevant information on the magnitude of the public health problem to guide us on control strategies for these causes.

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INTRODUCTION: Aging affects the cardiovascular system by impairing the amount and strength of cardiac pumping. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a safe parameter to assess variations in the cardiovascular system, providing data on sympathetic and parasympathetic activations. OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim is to investigate the cardiac autonomic modulation and body composition of active older adults participating in a physical exercise protocol and gametherapy. Our secondary aim is to assess their functional capacity, cognitive function, balance, respiratory pressures, and functional autonomy. METHOD: This randomized clinical trial will include 100 active older adults aged 60 to 80 years. The exercise group (EG) will perform 24 supervised training sessions (strength and aerobic) for 12 weeks (2 60-minutes sessions per week). The gametherapy group (GG) will exercise using gametherapy. Assessments will occur on the first week, after the 12th week, after wash out and in the end of cross over. The primary outcome will be HRV and body composition (bioimpedance). Secondary outcomes will be functional capacity (6-minute walk test), cognitive function (mini-mental state examination), risk of falls and balance (berg balance scale and timed up and go test), inspiratory and expiratory pressures (manovacuometry) and functional autonomy (functional reach test and group of Latin American development to maturity [GDLAM] protocol). DISCUSSION: This study will provide relevant information about the effects of physical training (physical exercises and gametherapy) on HRV and other variables in active older adults.

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Introdução: A interpretação eletrocardiográfica do atraso final da condução no ramo do ventrículo direito do coração já gerou algumas hipóteses de que esse ramo direito não é único como demonstrado anatomicamente e que pode ser divido em ramos terminais distintos quando analisamos o traçado através do vetocardiograma.Método: Separados 227 eletrocardiogramas com características típicas definidas como atraso final de condução dos pacientes do serviço de eletrocardiografia do Centro Universitário FMABC, de ambos os sexos na faixa de idade de 18 a 87 anos, etnias, peso e estatura variadas com fatores de risco cardiovascular ou sem fator de risco, realizamos vetocardiograma nesses pacientes para observar o comportamento da porção final da condução elétrica. Resultado: Analisando os traçados vetocardiográficos dos pacientes que apresentavam o atraso final de condução no eletrocardiograma, confirmamos no registro pelo plano frontal, a presença do atraso final de condução, porém registravam em três regiões distintas; 103 pacientes no quadrante superior direito entre -120º e -150º, 45 pacientes no quadrante inferior direito entre +170º e -170º e medial e 79 pacientes no quadrante inferior direito entre +110º e + 140º.Conclusão: A despolarização elétrica do coração no ventrículo direito no traçado eletrocardiográfico aparentemente registra alterações típicas que podemos diagnosticar como uma despolarização de um feixe único, porém ao realizarmos vetocardiograma, registramos três zonas distintas de despolarização ventricular direita com atraso, ou seja, três setores distintos da parede livre do ventrículo direito como atraso Tipo I (superior), Tipo II (inferior), e Tipo III (medial).

Introduction: The electrocardiographic interpretation of end conduction delay (ECD) in the right ventricular branch of the heart has already generated some hypotheses that this right branch is not single, as anatomically demonstrated, and can be divided into distinct terminal branches when we analyze tracings through the vectorcardiogram.Methods: There were 227 electrocardiograms selected, with typical characteristics defined as ECD of patients from the electrocardiography service of the Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, of both sexes, in the age range of 18 to 87 years, with varied ethnicities, weight and height, with cardiovascular risk factors or without them. We performed vectorcardiograms in these patients to observe the behavior of the final portion of electrical conduction.Results: Analyzing the vectorcardiographic tracings of patients who presented ECD in electrocardiogram, we confirmed in the recording by the frontal plane, the presence of ECD but recorded in three distinct regions; 103 patients in the right upper quadrant between -120° and -150°, 45 patients in the right lower quadrant between +170° and -170°, and medial, and 79 patients in the right lower quadrant between +110° and + 140°.Conclusion: Electrical depolarization of the heart in the right ventricle in electrocardiographic tracings apparently records typical alterations that we can diagnose as depolarization of a single bundle; but when we performed vectorcardiograms, we recorded three distinct zones of right ventricular depolarization with delay; i.e., three distinct sectors of right ventricle free wall delay, such as type I (upper), type II (lower) and type III (medial).

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Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of telemedicine compared to standard care for patients with rheumatic diseases. Methods: A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; for the gray literature, GREYNET databases and a snowball search were used. MeSH or Emtree terms. Three authors independently selected systematic reviews, randomized controlled trail (RCTs), or non-RCTs with patients with autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic diseases, where telemedicine was compared with standard care. Effectiveness was measured in terms of disease activity, quality of life, and functional activity. The patients' satisfaction was also measured. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane collaboration tool for RCTs and AMSTAR II for systematic reviews. Results: Four RCTs, one cross-out study, and five systematic reviews were included. The studies were conducted with rheumatoid arthritis patients, and one study involved patients with systematic lupus erythematosus. The interventions mainly involved teleconsultation and telemonitoring, with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) being compared with standard care. Four studies measured the effectiveness of telemedicine using PROs, in which three of the RCTs did not find differences in the clinical outcomes, and one found that telemedicine improved the remission of diseases, functional impairment, and radiographic joint damage progression. Two studies measured patient satisfaction with telemedicine and standard care without a significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: Despite heterogeneity between studies, the findings were remarkably consistent in demonstrating that there was no significant difference between the telemedicine group and the control group in terms of PROs and patient satisfaction. Patients should be offered the option of telemedicine to manage their diseases as part of health-care support. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of telemedicine in the long term for patients with rheumatic diseases.

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Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited clinical-electrocardiographic arrhythmic entity with an autosomal dominant genetic pattern of inheritance or de novo variant. The syndrome has low worldwide prevalence, but is endemic in Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Philippines and Japan). The BrS is a subtle structural heart disease (SHD), and the diagnosis is only possible when the so-called type 1 Brugada ECG pattern is spontaneously present or induced for example with fever. Repolarization-depolarization disturbances in BrS patients can be caused by genetic mutations, abnormal neural crest cell migration, low expression of connexin-43 gap junction protein, or connexome disturbances. A recent autopsy study revealed increase in biventricular collagen with myocardial fibrosis when compared with control subjects although the main affected cardiac territory is the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). In this location, there is abnormally low expression of significant connexin-43 gap junction responsible for the electro-vectorcardiographic manifestations of terminal QRS conduction delay in the right standard precordial leads (V1-V2), high right precordial leads (V1H-V2H), as well as in the unipolar aVR lead ("the forgotten lead"). Based on their location, these leads reflect the electrical activity of the RVOT.

A síndrome de Brugada (SBr) é uma entidade arrítmica clínico-eletrocardiográfica hereditária com padrão genético autossômico dominante de herança ou variante de novo. A síndrome tem baixa prevalência mundial, porém sendo endêmica no Sudeste Asiático (Tailândia, Filipinas e Japão). A SBr é uma doença cardíaca minimamente estrutural, sendo o diagnóstico só possível na presença do chamado padrão ECG de Brugada tipo 1 espontâneo ou induzido, por exemplo, a febre. Os distúrbios de repolarização-despolarização em pacientes com SBr podem ser causados por mutações genéticas responsáveis pela migração anormal de células da crista neural, baixa expressão "gap junctions" conexina-43 ou distúrbios do conexoma. Um estudo recente de autópsia revelou aumento do colágeno biventricular com fibrose miocárdica quando comparado aos controles, embora o principal território cardíaco afetado seja a via de saída do ventrículo direito (VSVD). Nessa área, há menor expressão da conexina-43, o que se traduz no ECG-VCG por atraso final de condução do QRS nas derivações precordiais direitas (V1-V2), precordiais direitas altas (V1H-V2H), bem como na derivação unipolar aVR ("a derivação esquecida"). Com base em sua localização, esses eletrodos refletem a atividade elétrica da VSVD

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Introduction: traffic accidents are the third leading cause of death in the world. Vulnerable road users do not benefit from a high level of protection. As such, they face devastating consequences when involved in accidents. Objective: to analyze the incidence and mortality, and associated factors in traffic accidents among motorcyclists and pedestrians. Methods: rapid Systematic review of articles from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Web of Science databases using the descriptors Mortality, Accidents, traffic, Motorcyclists and Pedestrians. Inclusion criteria were: (1) studies involving pedestrians and motorcyclists; (2) the object of study is traffic accidents; (3) articles that studied mortality; and (4) articles published in the last ten years (2010-2019). Results: of the 206 articles found, 19 met the inclusion criteria. Factors such as increased sales of motorcycles, darkness on the roads, older pedestrians, lack of safety equipment for motorcyclists, and drug and alcohol intake contribute to the increase of the mortality rate of these individuals. Conclusion: mortality due to traffic accidents involving pedestrians and motorcyclists has increased during the analyzed period, especially among men.

Introdução: os acidentes de trânsito são a terceira causa de morte no mundo. Os usuários vulneráveis da estrada não têm um alto nível de proteção como outros tipos de vítimas. Portanto, esses indivíduos enfrentam consequências devastadoras quando envolvidos em acidentes. Objetivo: identificar a tendência da mortalidade, incidência e fatores associados aos acidentes de trânsito entre motociclistas e pedestres por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura. Método: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática das bases de indexação da National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (VHL) e Web of Science utilizando os descritores Mortality AND Accidents, Traffic AND Motorcycles AND Pedestrians. Para a seleção dos artigos, foram incluídos aqueles que obedeciam aos seguintes critérios: população que (1) inclui motociclistas e pedestres e (2) se envolveu em acidentes de trânsito; e artigos que (3) estudaram mortalidade, incidência e / ou fatores associados a acidentes de trânsito e (4) foram publicados nos últimos 10 anos.Resultados: dos 206 artigos encontrados, 19 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Fatores como aumento da venda de motocicletas, escuridão das vias, pedestres mais velhos, falta de equipamentos de segurança para os motociclistas e ingestão de drogas e / ou álcool contribuem para o aumento da taxa de mortalidade e incidência desses indivíduos. Conclusão: a mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito com pedestres e motociclistas tem aumentado nos últimos anos, com alta prevalência de mortalidade entre os homens. A maioria dos acidentes foi devido a falhas humanas e / ou deficiências nas vias públicas.

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continues to have a major impact on health and social systems around the world. The COVID-19 and influenza manifest themselves in a similar way, causing respiratory diseases that can present asymptomatically, as well as from the cold to severe respiratory problems until death. The form of transmission is similar, through contact with droplets or particles of saliva and secretions, which implies preventive actions that involve the same hygiene measures, use of masks and the need to cough using the elbow or disposable tissues. This characterizes a syndemic. It becomes necessary to monitor these diseases so that there are parameters for better decision-making on the appropriate clinical management of these respective diseases.

A pandemia de COVID-19 causada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 continua a ter um grande im-pacto nos sistemas de saúde e sociais em todo o mundo. torna-se necessário que haja monitoramento dessas doenças para que assim, tenha-se parâmetros para melhor tomada de decisão sobre a gestão clínica adequada sobre essas respectivas doenças. Os dois vírus se manifestam de forma semelhante, ao causarem doenças respiratórias que podem se apresentar de forma assintomáticas, assim como do resfriado a problemas respiratórios graves até a morte. A forma de transmissão são parecidas, por contato com gotículas ou partículas de saliva e secreções, o que implica nas ações de prevenção que perpassam pelas mesmas medidas higienização, uso de máscaras e a necessidade de tossir usando o cotovelo ou lenções descartáveis. Isto caracteriza uma sindemia.

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BACKGROUND: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is somewhat a challenging diagnosis, due to its dynamic pattern. One of the aspects of this disease is a significant conduction disorder located in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), which can be explained as a consequence of low expression of Connexin-43. This decreased conduction speed is responsible for the typical electrocardiographic pattern. Opposite leads located preferably in inferior leads of the electrocardiogram may show a deep and widened S wave associated with ascending ST segment depression. Holter monitoring electrocardiographic (ECG) aspects is still a new frontier of knowledge in BrS, especially in intermittent clinical presentations. METHODS: We describe, as an exploratory analysis, five case series of intermittent type 1 BrS to demonstrate the appearance of ascending ST segment depression and widening of the S wave, during 3-channel 24h-Holter monitoring (C1, C2 and C3) with bipolar leads. RESULTS: In the five cases described, the ST segment depression was observed mainly in C2, but in some cases also in C1 and C3. Only case 1 presented concomitant intermittent elevation of the ST segment in C1. All cases were intermittent. CONCLUSION: The recognition of an ECG pattern with ascending ST-segment depression and widening of the S wave in 3-channel Holter described in this case series should raise a suspicion of the BrS and suggests the counterpart of a dromotropic disturbance registered in the RVOT and/or reciprocal changes.

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Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: Los linfomas no Hodgkin son un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias hematolinfoides, de manifestación principal ganglionar; un pequeño porcentaje tiene un origen extra-ganglionar. Se han descrito algunos casos de linfomas no Hodgkin primarios de ovario y, en general, del conducto genitourinario femenino. Debido a su poca frecuencia suponen un reto diagnóstico, clínico y patológico. Se informa el caso de una paciente con linfoma no Hodgkin primario de ovario, a quien se le practicó citorreducción quirúrgica primaria y tratamiento coadyuvante con quimioterapia sistémica. Se revisa la bibliografía en torno a los criterios diagnósticos y el pronóstico de la enfermedad. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 65 años, que acudió a consulta debido a un síndrome constitucional y síntomas irritativos urinarios; al ingreso tuvo signos vitales dentro de los parámetros de referencia y en el examen físico se encontraron: edema grado 2, bilateral, en los miembros inferiores y marcada palidez mucocutánea. Los estudios complementarios evidenciaron anemia microcítica hipocrómica heterogénea y trombocitosis. La resonancia magnética reportó la existencia de una masa anexial derecha, compleja, por lo que se practicó la citorreducción quirúrgica primaria. El estudio anatomopatológico reveló que se trataba de un linfoma no Hodgkin B primario de ovario. El tratamiento consistió en quimioterapia, con esquema R-CHOP. Diez meses después se estableció la curación de la enfermedad mediante estudios de imagen y pruebas de laboratorio. CONCLUSIONES: El linfoma no Hodgkin primario de ovario es una causa poco frecuente de afectación extraganglionar y se trata de un diagnóstico de exclusión, que requiere confirmación histopatológica. El pronóstico sugiere que la enfermedad confinada al ovario muestra una tasa de supervivencia global de 79% a 10 años. Se requieren estudios adicionales, que caractericen el pronóstico y el procedimiento diagnóstico de esta enfermedad.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms hematolymphoid, with main lymph node manifestation; a small percentage have an extra-nodal origin. Some cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have been described.Primaries of the ovary and, in general, of the female genitourinary duct. Because of his they infrequently pose a diagnostic, clinical and pathological challenge. We report the case of a patient with primary ovarian non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who underwent primary surgical cytoreduction and adjuvant treatment with systemic chemotherapy. The bibliography around the criteria is reviewed diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. CLINICAL CASE: A 65-years-old patient who presented constitutional syndrome and urinary irritative symptoms, her vital signs at the admission were normal, at the physical examination bilateral grade 2 edema in lower limbs and mucocutaneous paleness was observed, heterogeneous hypochromic microcytic anemia, thrombocytosis and also a right complex ovarian mass were documented during the hospitalization, for this reason was treated with primary surgical reduction, the histopathological result was Ovarian Primary Non Hodgkin B-cell Lymphoma, for that reason systemic adjuvant chemotherapy with R-CHOP scheme was initiated, at the ten month follow-up radiological and nuclear examinations were performed confirming the remission of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Primary ovarian non-Hodgkin lymphoma is an unusual extra-nodular hematolymphoid neoplasm that requires a histopathological confirmation. The prognosis according to the literature review for the disease limited to the ovary has an overall survival rate of 79% to 10 years after diagnosis. More studies are required to characterize the prognosis and diagnostic approach of this entity.

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The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was notified to the Brazilian Ministry of Health on February 26, 2020. On November 20, 2021, by the end of Epidemiological Week-46 (EW-46) 257,168,692 confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported worldwide. Among the countries with the highest number of accumulated cases the United States of America ranks number one (47,701,872), followed by India (34,510,413), Brazil (22,012,150), the United Kingdom (9,857,658), and Russia (9,135,149). Concerning deaths, 5,146,467 were confirmed worldwide until November 20, 2021. The United States was the country with the highest accumulated number of deaths (771,013), followed by Brazil (612,587), India (465,662), Mexico (292,145), and Russia (257,891).

O primeiro caso confirmado de COVID-19 foi notificado ao Ministério da Saúde (MS) do Brasil em 26 de fevereiro de 2020. Até o final da Semana Epidemiológica (SE) 46 de 2021, no dia 20 de novembro de 2021, foram confirmados 257.168.692 casos de covid-19 no mundo. Os Estados Unidos foram o país com o maior número de casos acumulados (47.701.872), seguido pela Índia (34.510.413), Brasil (22.012.150), Reino Unido (9.857.658) e Rússia (9.135.149). Em relação aos óbitos, foram confirmados 5.146.467 no mundo até o dia 20 de novembro de 2021. Os Estados Unidos foram o país com maior número acumulado de óbitos (771.013), seguido do Brasil (612.587), Índia (465.662), México (292.145) e Rússia (257.891)

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BACKGROUNG: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a hereditary clinical-electrocardiographic arrhythmic entity with low worldwide prevalence. The syndrome is caused by changes in the structure and function of certain cardiac ion channels and reduced expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in the Right Ventricle (RV), predominantly in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (VSVD), causing electromechanical abnormalities. The diagnosis is based on the presence of spontaneous or medicated ST elevation, characterized by boost of the J point and the ST segment ≥2 mm, of superior convexity "hollow type" (subtype 1A) or descending rectilinear model (subtype 1B). BrS is associated with an increased risk of syncope, palpitations, chest pain, convulsions, difficulty in breathing (nocturnal agonal breathing) and/or Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) secondary to PVT/VF, unexplained cardiac arrest or documented PVT/VF or Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in the absence of apparent macroscopic or structural heart disease, electrolyte disturbance, use of certain medications or coronary heart disease and fever. In less than three decades since the discovery of Brugada syndrome, the concept of Mendelian heredity has come undone. The enormous variants and mutations found mean that we are still far from being able to concretely clarify a genotype-phenotype relationship. There is no doubt that the entity is oligogenetic, associated with environmental factors, and that there are variants of uncertain significance, especially the rare variants of the SCN5A mutation, with European or Japanese ancestors, as well as a spontaneous type 1 or induced pattern, thanks to gnomAD (coalition) researchers who seek to aggregate and harmonize exome and genome sequencing data from a variety of large-scale sequencing projects and make summary data available to the scientific community at large). Thus, we believe that this in-depth analytical study of the countless mutations attributed to BrS may constitute a real cornerstone that will help to better understand this intriguing syndrome.

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Brugada (SBr) é uma entidade arrítmica clínico-eletrocardiográfica hereditária com baixa prevalência mundial. A síndrome é causada por alterações na estrutura e função de certos canais iônicos cardíacos e redução da expressão da Connexina 43 (Cx43) no Ventrículo Direito (VD), predominantemente no Trato de Saída do Ventricular Direito (VSVD), causando anormalidades eletromecânicas. O diagnóstico é baseado na presença de supradesnivelamento de ST espontâneo ou medicamentoso caracterizado por supradesnivelamento do ponto J e do segmento ST ≥2 mm, de convexidade superior "tipo covado" (subtipo 1A) ou modelo retilíneo descendente (subtipo 1B). A SBr está associado a um risco aumentado de síncope, palpitações, dor precordial, convulsões, dificuldade em respirar (respiração agonal noturna) e/ou Morte Cardíaca Súbita (MSC) secundária a PVT/VF, parada cardíaca inexplicada ou PVT/VF documentado ou Fibrilação atrial paroxística (FA) na ausência de doença cardíaca macroscópica ou estrutural aparente, distúrbio eletrolítico, uso de certos medicamentos ou coração coronário e febre. Em menos de três décadas desde a descoberta da síndrome de Brugada, o conceito de hereditariedade mendeliana se desfez. As enormes variantes e mutações encontradas significam que ainda estamos longe de sermos capazes de esclarecer concretamente uma relação genótipo-fenótipo. Não há dúvida de que a entidade é oligogenética associada a fatores ambientais, e que há variantes de significado incerto, principalmente as raras variantes da mutação SCN5A, com ancestrais europeus ou japoneses, bem como padrão espontâneo tipo 1 ou induzido, graças ao gnomAD (coalizão de pesquisadores que buscam agregar e harmonizar dados de sequenciamento de exoma e genoma de uma variedade de projetos de sequenciamento em grande escala e disponibilizar dados resumidos para a comunidade científica em geral). As enormes variantes e mutações encontradas significam que ainda estamos longe de sermos capazes de esclarecer concretamente uma relação genótipo-fenótipo. Assim, acreditamos que este estudo analítico em profundidade das inúmeras mutações atribuídas à BrS pode constituir uma verdadeira pedra angular que ajudará a compreender melhor esta síndrome intrigante.

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Resumo Fundamento O diagnóstico diferencial de taquicardia de QRS largo, entre taquicardia ventricular (TV) ou taquicardia supraventricular com condução aberrante (TSV-A) é algumas vezes difícil de ser feito na sala de emergência. Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia de um algoritmo novo e simples para a detecção de TV no eletrocardiograma (ECG) em pacientes com taquicardia de QRS largo. Métodos ECGs de 12 derivações para detecção de taquicardia de QRS largo foram obtidos prospectivamente de 120 pacientes durante estudo eletrofisiológico. Seis médicos com diferentes experiências analisaram os ECGs, e fizeram o diagnóstico com base no algoritmo D12V16, que envolve a análise da polaridade predominante do complexo QRS nas derivações I, II, V1 e V6. O diagnóstico foi comparado com os obtidos pelo algoritmo tradicional de Brugada e pelo estudo eletrofisiológico, o qual é considerado padrão ouro. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) nas análises estatísticas. Resultados De acordo com o estudo eletrofisiológico, 82 ECGs eram de TV e 38 de TSV-A. Doenças cardíacas estruturais estavam presentes em 71 (86,6%) dos pacientes com TV e em oito (21,1%) com TSV-A. O algoritmo de Brugada teve uma maior sensibilidade global (87,2%), enquanto o algoritmo D12V16 apresentou maior especificidade global (85,1%) para TV. Tanto o algoritmo D12V16 como o de Brugada apresentou um alto valor preditivo positivo (90,9% vs. 85,8%, respectivamente) e acurácia similar (73,8% vs. 81,4%, respectivamente) para o diagnóstico de TV. Nos avaliadores experientes, a acurácia foi maior utilizando o algoritmo de Brugada que o algoritmo D12V16, mas a acurácia dos dois algoritmos foi similar segundo os avaliadores menos experientes. Conclusão O algoritmo simplificado pode ser um método útil para reconhecer TV no ECG, principalmente para médicos menos experientes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background The differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) between ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction (SVT-A) is sometimes difficult in the emergency room. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new simple electrocardiographic algorithm to recognize VT in patients with wide complex tachycardia. Methods The 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) for WCT were prospectively obtained from 120 patients during electrophysiological study. Six physicians with different expertise analyzed the electrocardiographic recordings, and made the diagnosis based on the D12V16 algorithm, that involves the analysis of the predominant polarity of QRS in leads I, II, V1 and V6. The diagnosis was compared with that made using the traditional Brugada algorithm and the "gold-standard" electrophysiological study. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results According to the EPS study, 82 ECG recordings were VT and 38 SVT-A. Structural heart diseases were present in 71 (86.6%) patients with VT and in 8 (21.1%) with SVT-A. The Brugada algorithm had higher global sensitivity (87.2%), and the D12V16 algorithm had higher global specificity (85.1%) for VT. Both D12V16 and Brugada's algorithms presented a high positive predictive value (90.9% vs 85.8%, respectively) and similar accuracy (73.8% vs 81.4%, respectively) for the diagnosis of VT. Experienced evaluators were more accurate using Brugada algorithm than the D12V16 algorithm, but the accuracy of both algorithms was similar according to less experienced examiners. Conclusion The simplified algorithm may be a useful method to recognize VT in the ECG, especially for less experienced doctors. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

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BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) between ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction (SVT-A) is sometimes difficult in the emergency room. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new simple electrocardiographic algorithm to recognize VT in patients with wide complex tachycardia. METHODS: The 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) for WCT were prospectively obtained from 120 patients during electrophysiological study. Six physicians with different expertise analyzed the electrocardiographic recordings, and made the diagnosis based on the D12V16 algorithm, that involves the analysis of the predominant polarity of QRS in leads I, II, V1 and V6. The diagnosis was compared with that made using the traditional Brugada algorithm and the "gold-standard" electrophysiological study. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: According to the EPS study, 82 ECG recordings were VT and 38 SVT-A. Structural heart diseases were present in 71 (86.6%) patients with VT and in 8 (21.1%) with SVT-A. The Brugada algorithm had higher global sensitivity (87.2%), and the D12V16 algorithm had higher global specificity (85.1%) for VT. Both D12V16 and Brugada's algorithms presented a high positive predictive value (90.9% vs 85.8%, respectively) and similar accuracy (73.8% vs 81.4%, respectively) for the diagnosis of VT. Experienced evaluators were more accurate using Brugada algorithm than the D12V16 algorithm, but the accuracy of both algorithms was similar according to less experienced examiners. CONCLUSION: The simplified algorithm may be a useful method to recognize VT in the ECG, especially for less experienced doctors. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

FUNDAMENTO: O diagnóstico diferencial de taquicardia de QRS largo, entre taquicardia ventricular (TV) ou taquicardia supraventricular com condução aberrante (TSV-A) é algumas vezes difícil de ser feito na sala de emergência. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia de um algoritmo novo e simples para a detecção de TV no eletrocardiograma (ECG) em pacientes com taquicardia de QRS largo. MÉTODOS: ECGs de 12 derivações para detecção de taquicardia de QRS largo foram obtidos prospectivamente de 120 pacientes durante estudo eletrofisiológico. Seis médicos com diferentes experiências analisaram os ECGs, e fizeram o diagnóstico com base no algoritmo D12V16, que envolve a análise da polaridade predominante do complexo QRS nas derivações I, II, V1 e V6. O diagnóstico foi comparado com os obtidos pelo algoritmo tradicional de Brugada e pelo estudo eletrofisiológico, o qual é considerado padrão ouro. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) nas análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: De acordo com o estudo eletrofisiológico, 82 ECGs eram de TV e 38 de TSV-A. Doenças cardíacas estruturais estavam presentes em 71 (86,6%) dos pacientes com TV e em oito (21,1%) com TSV-A. O algoritmo de Brugada teve uma maior sensibilidade global (87,2%), enquanto o algoritmo D12V16 apresentou maior especificidade global (85,1%) para TV. Tanto o algoritmo D12V16 como o de Brugada apresentou um alto valor preditivo positivo (90,9% vs. 85,8%, respectivamente) e acurácia similar (73,8% vs. 81,4%, respectivamente) para o diagnóstico de TV. Nos avaliadores experientes, a acurácia foi maior utilizando o algoritmo de Brugada que o algoritmo D12V16, mas a acurácia dos dois algoritmos foi similar segundo os avaliadores menos experientes. CONCLUSÃO: O algoritmo simplificado pode ser um método útil para reconhecer TV no ECG, principalmente para médicos menos experientes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

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The electrocardiogram and various echocardiography modalities are important risk markers for atrial fibrillation (AF). Electrocardiographic criteria of left atrial enlargement, advanced interatrial block, and PR-interval prolongation are atrial risk markers for AF. Transthoracic echocardiography is elementary for risk stratification of AF. Transesophageal echocardiography is a valuable tool to detect cardiac sources of embolism if early cardioversion is necessary. Intracardiac echocardiography is a real-time tool for guidance of percutaneous interventions, including radiofrequency ablation and left atrial appendage closure in patients with AF.

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