RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Eighty percent of the Proximal humerus fractures are not displaced or minimally displaced and stable. The international treatment recommendation is conservative. Immobilization of the limb carries risk of stiffness, pain and decreased function. Currently being used rehabilitation programs with early mobilization of the injured shoulder within the first week post-fracture, with evidence of early functional and labor recovery and with no risk for displacement of fragments. However, in our country, these patients start rehabilitation late, which leads to a delay in the recovery of functionality and delay in returning to work, translating into increased costs. At the moment there is no national benchmark for the cost of this late-onset rehabilitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a non-probabilistic sample for convenience, were analyzed records of 52 patients, treated in the period from January to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were workers diagnosed with a proximal humeral fracture, conservative management; exclusion criteria were peripheral nerve injury, aggregate fracture or surgically treated. RESULTS: The mean direct medical cost was $19,090.69 Mexican pesos, directly proportional to the days of stay in the unit and disability. CONCLUSION: Late rehabilitation leads to more days of disability than recommended by the based guidelinesin the workload, therefore, higher cost.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Ochenta por ciento de las fracturas de húmero proximal son no desplazadas o mínimamente desplazadas y estables. La recomendación internacional de tratamiento es de uno conservador. La inmovilización de la extremidad conlleva riesgo de rigidez, dolor y disminución de función. Actualmente se están empleando programas de rehabilitación con movilización precoz del hombro lesionado dentro de la primera semana postfractura, con evidencia de recuperación funcional y laboral precoces y con ausencia de riesgo para desplazamiento de fragmentos. Sin embargo, en nuestro país, estos pacientes inician la rehabilitación de forma tardía, lo que conlleva un retardo en la recuperación de funcionalidad y retardo en reincorporación laboral, traduciendo incremento en costos. Al momento no existe un referente nacional del costo que implica esta rehabilitación de inicio tardío. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: De una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, se analizaron expedientes de 52 pacientes, atendidos en el período de Enero a Diciembre de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron trabajadores con diagnóstico de fractura de húmero proximal, manejo conservador; criterios de exclusión fueron lesión de nervio periférico, fractura agregada o postoperados. RESULTADOS: La media del costo médico directo fue $19,090.69 pesos mexicanos, con relación directamente proporcional a los días de estancia en la unidad y de incapacidad. CONCLUSIÓN: La rehabilitación tardía conlleva más días de incapacidad que las recomendadas por las guías con base en la carga de trabajo, por ende, mayor costo.
Assuntos
Fraturas do Ombro , Tratamento Conservador , Humanos , Úmero , Fraturas do Ombro/terapiaRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: Ochenta por ciento de las fracturas de húmero proximal son no desplazadas o mínimamente desplazadas y estables. La recomendación internacional de tratamiento es de uno conservador. La inmovilización de la extremidad conlleva riesgo de rigidez, dolor y disminución de función. Actualmente se están empleando programas de rehabilitación con movilización precoz del hombro lesionado dentro de la primera semana postfractura, con evidencia de recuperación funcional y laboral precoces y con ausencia de riesgo para desplazamiento de fragmentos. Sin embargo, en nuestro país, estos pacientes inician la rehabilitación de forma tardía, lo que conlleva un retardo en la recuperación de funcionalidad y retardo en reincorporación laboral, traduciendo incremento en costos. Al momento no existe un referente nacional del costo que implica esta rehabilitación de inicio tardío. Material y métodos: De una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, se analizaron expedientes de 52 pacientes, atendidos en el período de Enero a Diciembre de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron trabajadores con diagnóstico de fractura de húmero proximal, manejo conservador; criterios de exclusión fueron lesión de nervio periférico, fractura agregada o postoperados. Resultados: La media del costo médico directo fue $19,090.69 pesos mexicanos, con relación directamente proporcional a los días de estancia en la unidad y de incapacidad. Conclusión: La rehabilitación tardía conlleva más días de incapacidad que las recomendadas por las guías con base en la carga de trabajo, por ende, mayor costo.
Abstract: Introduction: Eighty percent of the Proximal humerus fractures are not displaced or minimally displaced and stable. The international treatment recommendation is conservative. Immobilization of the limb carries risk of stiffness, pain and decreased function. Currently being used rehabilitation programs with early mobilization of the injured shoulder within the first week post-fracture, with evidence of early functional and labor recovery and with no risk for displacement of fragments. However, in our country, these patients start rehabilitation late, which leads to a delay in the recovery of functionality and delay in returning to work, translating into increased costs. At the moment there is no national benchmark for the cost of this late-onset rehabilitation. Material and methods: From a non-probabilistic sample for convenience, were analyzed records of 52 patients, treated in the period from January to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were workers diagnosed with a proximal humeral fracture, conservative management; exclusion criteria were peripheral nerve injury, aggregate fracture or surgically treated. Results: The mean direct medical cost was $19,090.69 Mexican pesos, directly proportional to the days of stay in the unit and disability. Conclusion: Late rehabilitation leads to more days of disability than recommended by the based guidelinesin the workload, therefore, higher cost.
RESUMO
O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a propagação vegetativa da menta utilizando diferentes tipos de estacas e substratos. O experimento foi conduzido no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes, campus Janaúba - MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (dois tipos de estacas e quatro diferentes substratos) com quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela representada por seis estacas. Foram analisadas as variáveis comprimento de parte aérea e de raízes, massa seca de parte aérea e de raízes e número total de brotações formadas por planta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. A interação entre os fatores estacas e substratos não foi significativa para as variáveis estudadas, passando-se a estudar o efeito isolado de cada fator. A propagação de Mentha arvensis L. pode ser realizada tanto por estacas apicais como medianas, utilizando o substrato solo + areia + esterco bovino (2:1:1) para a produção de mudas de qualidade.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the vegetative propagation using different types of mint cuttings and substrates. The experiment was conducted in the Garden of Medicinal Plants of Unimontes, in Janaúba - MG. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) in 2 x 4 factorial schemes (two types of poles and four different substrates) with four replications and each plot was represented by six cuttings. The variables analyzed were the length of the shoots and roots, the dry matter of the shoots and roots and the total number of shoots per plant. The data were subject to ANOVA and the means were compared by Scott-Knott's test at 5% of probability. The interaction among stem cuttings and substrates was not significant for the variables studied, thus, the isolated effect of each factor was studied. The propagation of Mentha arvensis L. can be performed either by apical cuttings as medians, using the substrate soil + sand + manure bovine (2:1:1) for the production of quality seedlings.
Assuntos
Reprodução Assexuada , Substratos para Tratamento Biológico/métodos , Mentha/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/classificação , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/classificaçãoRESUMO
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos pré-germinativos na superação da dormência de sementes de manjericão, produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes, em fevereiro de 2011. Foram realizadas as seguintes determinações para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento, sendo T1- testemunha; T2 - pré esfriamento das sementes em câmara tipo BOD sob temperatura de 10ºC por 4 dias; T3 - embebição das sementes em água destilada por 24 horas; T4 - embebição das sementes em solução contendo KNO3 a 0,2 % por 5 minutos e T5 - sementes submetidas em água destilada a temperatura de 70ºC por 5 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott - Knott a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento pré esfriamento em câmara tipo BOD a 10ºC por 4 dias reduz a dormência e promove incrementos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes do manjericão.
Aiming in order to assess the effectiveness of treatments to overcome dormancy in seeds of basil, an experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of Unimontes. Following determinations were performed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds, water content, germination, first count germination, seedling emergence and emergence speed index. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment, which consisted of: T1 - control, T2 - pre-cooling of the seed chamber BOD at a temperature of 10ºC for 4 days, T3 - soaking the seeds in water distilled for 24 hours, T4 - soaking the seeds in a solution containing 0,2% for 5 minutes and T5 - submitted seeds in distilled water at 70ºC for 5 minutes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Scott-Knott 5% probability. The pre-cooling treatment in BOD chamber at 10ºC for 4 days reduced dormancy and promotes increases in the physiological quality of seeds of basil.
Assuntos
Germinação , Dormência de Plantas , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produção Agrícola , Ocimum basilicum/fisiologiaRESUMO
No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a época de colheita e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de coentro produzidas no Norte de Minas Gerais. A primeira época de colheita das sementes foi realizada aos 15 dias após o florescimento pleno, quando aproximadamente 50 por cento das plantas apresentavam flores. As demais colheitas foram realizadas de 7 em 7 dias, até as sementes atingirem 14,0 por cento de umidade, fato que ocorreu na 6ª colheita. Imediatamente após cada colheita, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, à germinação e ao vigor (testes de primeira contagem, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência). A maturidade fisiológica das sementes de coentro, cultivar Verdão, ocorre entre 42 a 44 dias após o florescimento, quando as sementes apresentam umidade em torno de 28,0 por cento, podendo a colheita ser realizada até 50 dias após o florescimento, quando as sementes apresentavam 14,0 por cento de umidade.
The present study aimed to evaluate the harvest season and physiological quality of coriander seeds produced in the North of Minas Gerais. The first season of harvest of the seeds was performed 15 days after full bloom, when approximately 50 percent of plants had flowers. The other crops were carried out 7 in 7 days, until the seeds reach 14,0 percent moisture, a fact that occurred in the 6th harvest. Immediately after each harvest, the seeds were evaluated for water content, germination and vigor tests (first count, seedling emergence and emergence speed index). The physiological maturity of coriander seeds, cultivate Verdão, occurs between 42 to 44 days after flowering, when the seeds had humidity around 28,0 percent at physiological maturity, the harvest may be held until 50 days after flowering, when seeds had 14,0 percent humidity.
Assuntos
Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produção Agrícola , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Vegetais , Coriandrum/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between migration and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among Mexican female sex workers (FSW). METHODS: FSW aged 18 years and older in Tijuana, Baja California (BC) underwent interviews and testing for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Multivariate logistic regressions identified correlates of STI. RESULTS: Of 471 FSW, 79% were migrants to BC. Among migrant FSW, prevalence of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and any STI was 6.6%, 13.2%, 7.8%, 16.3% and 31.1% compared with 10.9%, 18.2%, 13.0%, 19.0% and 42.4% among FSW born in BC. A greater proportion of migrant FSW were registered with local health services and were ever tested for HIV. Migrant status was protective for any STI in unadjusted models (unadjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.97). In multivariate models controlling for confounders, migrant status was not associated with an elevated odds of STI acquisition and trended towards a protective association. CONCLUSIONS: Unexpectedly, migrant status (vs native-born status) appeared protective for any STI acquisition. It is unclear which social or economic conditions may protect against STI and whether these erode over time in migrants. Additional research is needed to inform our understanding of whether or how geography, variations in health capital, or social network composition and information-sharing attributes can contribute to health protective behaviours in migrant FSW. By capitalising on such mechanisms, efforts to preserve protective health behaviours in migrant FSW will help control STI in the population and may lead to the identification of strategies that are generalisable to other FSW.
Assuntos
Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Trabalho Sexual/etnologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We examined the relation between acculturation and illicit drug use among Hispanics in the United States employing data from the 1982-84 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (HHANES). Across all Hispanic groups, acculturation into US society, as reflected in English language use, was associated with higher rates of illicit drug use even after sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, income, and education were considered. Significant interactions between language and education indicated that the predominant use of English was more strongly associated with marijuana and cocaine use among Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans of lower educational attainment than among those of higher educational attainment. Significant interactions between language use and other factors such as sex, marital status, and place of birth were also associated with marijuana and cocaine use. These results suggest that the experience of acculturation, especially as it relates to drug use, is closely tied to the social and economic context in which an individual lives.