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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the vaginal microbiome of women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) receiving systemic hormone therapy (HT). METHODS: Forty women with POI receiving systemic HT for at least 6 months, who were sexually active, were included in the descriptive cross-sectional study. Vaginal secretion was collected for DNA extraction followed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA. The samples were pooled into phylogenetic groups (Ravel groups I-V). RESULTS: Women had mean age of 37.13 (± 7.27) years and POI diagnosis at age 27.90 (± 8.68) years, and a mean HT duration of 8.20 (± 8.73) years. It was observed that 33.4% of the women presented group I flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus crispatus; 9% group II flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus gasseri; 33.4% group III flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus iners; 15.2% group IV flora, with a predominance of anaerobic bacteria; and 9% group V flora, with a predominance of Lactobacillus jensenii. CONCLUSION: Women with POI receiving HT presented a vaginal microbiome with a predominance of lactobacilli in the composition of the vaginal flora, specifically L. crispatus and L. iners when evaluated by molecular biology through pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate genital hygiene among women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) and/or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). METHODS: A cross-sectional study of reproductive-aged women who underwent gynecological and laboratory tests and fulfilled a genital hygiene questionnaire. RESULTS: This study evaluated 166 healthy controls and 141 women diagnosed with either BV (n = 72), VVC (n = 61), or both (n = 8). The use of intimate soap and moist wipes after urination was more frequent among healthy women (p = 0.042 and 0.032, respectively). Compared to controls, bactericidal soap was more used by women with BV (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Some hygiene habits were associated to BV and/or VVC. Clinical trials should address this important issue in women's health.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a higiene genital de mulheres com e sem vaginose bacteriana (VB) e/ou candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV). MéTODOS: Estudo transversal com mulheres em idade reprodutiva submetidas a exames ginecológicos e laboratoriais e preenchimento de questionário de higiene genital. RESULTADOS: Este estudo avaliou 166 controles saudáveis e 141 mulheres com diagnóstico de VB (n = 72), VVC (n = 61) ou ambas (n = 8). O uso de sabonete íntimo e lenços umedecidos após a micção foram hábitos mais frequentes entre mulheres saudáveis (p = 0,042 e 0,032, respectivamente). Em comparação com os controles, o sabonete bactericida foi mais usado por mulheres com VB (p = 0,05). CONCLUSãO: Alguns hábitos de higiene foram associados à VB e/ou VVC. Os ensaios clínicos devem abordar esta questão importante na saúde da mulher.
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Candidíase Vulvovaginal , Vaginose Bacteriana , Adulto , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hábitos , Humanos , Higiene , Comportamento Sexual , Vagina/microbiologia , Vaginose Bacteriana/diagnósticoRESUMO
Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a technique that is not widely applied for gynecological surgery. Endometriosis affects 10% of the female population and chronic pelvic pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms. Laparoscopic surgery for removal of endometriosis may present a long intra-operative duration and this technique might improve postoperative pain control. We described a case report of a patient submitted to general anesthesia associated to bilateral QLB for pelvic endometriosis. QLB was an adjuvant anesthetic technique for endometriosis, providing somatic and visceral analgesia. However, prospective studies are needed to identify the standard dosage and total duration of analgesia.
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Endometriose , Bloqueio Nervoso , Anestésicos Locais , Endometriose/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Vaginite por Trichomonas , Vaginite , Candidíase Vulvovaginal , Vaginose BacterianaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Doenças da Vulva , Genitália , Genitália/lesões , Neoplasias Vulvares , Prurido VulvarRESUMO
Cervical ectopy is common in adolescents, pregnant women, and those taking high doses of estrogen-containing contraceptives. The majority of cases have spontaneous reversion, but some cases can be persistent. Studies suggested that the adequacy of a Pap smear could be affected and there is an increased risk cervical infections. This study is a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2009 to February 2011 with 457 women with cervical ectopy and 736 without ectopy. Cervical samples were collected in vials for analysis by ThinPrep cytology (Hologic, Marlborough, MA). The Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test (95% CI) were applied. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Federal University of Ceará. The mean ages of the study group and control group were 28.7 (±14.8) and 33.6 (±7.5) years old, respectively (P < 0.0001). Negative diagnosis for malignancy and intraepithelial lesion was present in 399 (87%) cases and 705 (96%) in the study and control groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Shift in the flora suggestive of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was observed more frequently in the study group: 74 (16.2%) than in the control group: 86(11.7%) (P = 0.017). The differences among the other morphotypes showed no significance. The smears were atypical in 12.7% (58/457) of the patients from the study group and in 4.2% (31/736) in the control group (P < 0.001; RR = 3 [2.033-4.712]). The association between ectopy and inflammatory cytology, the presence of the shift in the flora suggestive of BV and cytological atypia is evident.
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Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Erosão do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Vaginose Bacteriana/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Bactérias Anaeróbias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Colo do Útero/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia , Teste de Papanicolaou , Gravidez , Erosão do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Erosão do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Vaginose Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Vaginose Bacteriana/microbiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia do Colo do Útero/microbiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the practices and care with the genital area of female college students. METHODS: A descriptive analytical study evaluated the habits and traditions of 364 students from the University of Campinas (Unicamp) regarding the use of underwear, body piercings, tattoos, hair removal and sexual practices. A questionnaire with 42 questions assessed the most current practices among female college students. All questions were self answered and the questionnaires, without any identification, were placed in sealed ballot boxes to ensure the confidentiality of information. The responses were tabulated in Microsoft® Excel 2007 to obtain univariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the college students in the study was 21 years (SD ± 2.7), and 84% were white. The volunteers who participated in this study were from the biological science area (50%), the exact science area (29%) or the humanity area (21%). It was observed that 61.8% of the respondents wear cotton panties, but at the same time 75.4% wear tight jeans, and only 18.4% wore no panties when sleeping. Only one participant reported having had genital piercing and none of them reported tattooing. Most female college students do genital waxing, and approximately 1/3 of them do so completely. After hair removal, 2/3 apply an anti-inflammatory and/or moisturizer to the region. Only 62% use condoms and 17.6% use a lubricant during intercourse. Half of them receive oral sex, 17.9% practice anal sex and 26.6% of them report feeling pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge after intercourse was reported in 25.6% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Young female college students from Brazilian public universities have many inadequate care habits related to their genital area. They do not use genital piercing and tattoos, but report having pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal discharge after sex in a large number of cases.
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Piercing Corporal/estatística & dados numéricos , Vestuário , Remoção de Cabelo/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual , Tatuagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Vulva , Feminino , Humanos , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A oclusão vulvar e o acúmulo de umidade em decorrência do uso de absorventes higiênicos, roupas íntimas sintéticas e/ou calças justas são considerados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de vulvovaginites (VV), contudo, esta associação ainda está mal esclarecida. Objetivo: associar a prática do uso de absorventes higiênicos e vestimentas à presença de vaginose bacteriana (VB) e/ou candidíase vaginal (CV). Métodos: estudo de corte transversal analisou o uso de absorventes e vestimentas de 307 voluntárias de 18 a 45 anos, com e sem VB e/ou CV. Um questionário de seis domínios foi aplicado individualmente às voluntárias, nos ambulatórios de um hospital universitário (Unicamp, BR). Este estudo analisou três dos seis domínios. Coletou-se material vaginal para diagnóstico microbiológico de VB (critérios de Nugent)e CV (bacterioscopia corada por Gram e cultura em meio Saboureaud). Critérios de exclusão: uso de antibióticos nos últimos 15 dias, histórico de câncer, HIV+, sífilis, doença imunossupressora. A análise estatística utilizou teste exato de Fischer e qui-quadrado, pelo EPI INF 0.5. O nível de significância considerada foi p<0,05. Resultados: Do total, 141 (46%) das mulheres foram diagnosticadas com VV. A média de idade foi de 33(+/-6,8) anos e a maior parte das mulheres era caucasiana (52%), tinha um parceiro fixo (83%) e utilizava métodos hormonais contraceptivos (64,5%). As mulheres com VV utilizaram mais calcinhas de tecido sintético (10,6 x zero), apresentaram mais ciclos menstruais (72,3 x 55,4%) que aquelas sem VV (p<0,005 e p<0,0001) e apresentaram hábitos de uso de absorventes semelhantes. Conclusão: os hábitos de uso de absorventes higiênicos não estão associados à presença de VV, já a presença de ciclos menstruais e uso de calcinhas de tecido sintético se relacionou a maior freqüência de VV.
Vulvar oclusion and moisture buildup resulting from the use of sanitary pads, synthetic underwear and/or tight pants are considered risk factors for the development of vulvovaginitis (VV), however, this association is still poorly elucidated. Objective: to associate the use of sanitary pads and clothing with the presence od bacterial vaginitis (BV) and vaginal candidiasis (VC). Methods: cross-sectional study aimed at analyzing the use of sanitary pads and clothing in 307 volunteers from 18 to 45 years old, with and without BV and/or VC. A questionnaire comprehendind six domains was applied individually to the volunteers, in an outpatient gynecology clinic at a university hospital (University of Campinas, Brazil). This study analyzed three of six domains. Vaginal material was collected for microbiologic diagnosis of BV (Nugent criteria) and VC (GRam stain and culture of the fungus in Saboureaud). Exclusion criteria were: use of antibiotics within 15 days, history of cancer, positive HIV and/or syphilis and immunosupressive disease. Statistical analysis were made with Fischer and chi-square tests, using the software EPI INFO 0.5. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: in total, 141 (46%) women were diagnosed with VV. The mean age was 32 (+/-6.8) years and most women were Caucasian (52%), had a steady partner (83%) and were using hormonal contraceptives (64,5%). Women with presence of VV used more panties made of synthetic fabric (10.6% x zero), had more menstrual cycles (72.3 x 55.4%) than those without VV (p<0.005 and p<0.0001) and showed patterns of sanitary pads similar to those without VV. Conclusion: habits of usage of sanitary pads is not associated with the presence of VV. Presence of menstrual cycle and use of synthetic underwear have been related with greater frequency of VV.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Absorventes Higiênicos , Candidíase Vulvovaginal , Vestuário , Higiene , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Vaginose BacterianaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Descrever as práticas e cuidados com a área genital de mulheres universitárias. MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico descritivo, que analisou os hábitos e costumes de 364 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Estado de São Paulo quanto ao uso de roupas íntimas, piercings corporais, tatuagens, depilação e práticas sexuais. Um questionário com 42 perguntas avaliou as práticas habituais mais comuns das universitárias. Todas as perguntas foram autorrespondidas e os questionários, sem qualquer identificação, foram colocados em urnas lacradas para garantir o sigilo das informações. As respostas foram tabuladas em planilha Microsoft® Excel 2007 para obtenção de análise univariável. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das universitárias estudadas foi de 21 anos (DP±2,7), sendo 84% brancas. Participaram do estudo voluntárias das áreas de biológicas (50%), exatas (29%) e humanas (21%). Observou-se que 61,8% das entrevistadas usam calcinhas de algodão, porém, ao mesmo tempo, 75,4% usam calças jeans apertadas, e que somente 18,4% deixam de usar calcinha para dormir. Apenas uma participante relatou ter piercing genital e nenhuma tinha tatuagem. A maioria das universitárias faz depilação genital, sendo que aproximadamente um terço delas o faz de forma completa. Após depilar, dois terços usam produtos como anti-inflamatórios e/ou hidratantes na região. Apenas 62% usam camisinha masculina e 17,6% lubrificante na relação sexual. Metade pratica sexo oral receptor; 17,9% sexo anal e 26,6% delas relatam ter dor no ato sexual. Corrimento vaginal foi relatado após a relação sexual em 25,6% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO:Mulheres jovens de universidade pública brasileira têm muitos hábitos inadequados de cuidados relacionados à sua área genital. Não costumam usar piercings ou tatuagens genitais, mas relatam ter dor no ato sexual e corrimento vaginal após o sexo em um grande número de casos.
PURPOSE: To describe the practices and care with the genital area of female college students. METHODS: A descriptive analytical study evaluated the habits and traditions of 364 students from the University of Campinas (Unicamp) regarding the use of underwear, body piercings, tattoos, hair removal and sexual practices. A questionnaire with 42 questions assessed the most current practices among female college students. All questions were self answered and the questionnaires, without any identification, were placed in sealed ballot boxes to ensure the confidentiality of information. The responses were tabulated in Microsoft® Excel 2007 to obtain univariate analysis. RESULTS:The mean age of the college students in the study was 21 years (SD±2.7), and 84% were white. The volunteers who participated in this study were from the biological science area (50%), the exact science area (29%) or the humanity area (21%). It was observed that 61.8% of the respondents wear cotton panties, but at the same time 75.4% wear tight jeans, and only 18.4% wore no panties when sleeping. Only one participant reported having had genital piercing and none of them reported tattooing. Most female college students do genital waxing, and approximately 1/3 of them do so completely. After hair removal, 2/3 apply an anti-inflammatory and/or moisturizer to the region. Only 62% use condoms and 17.6% use a lubricant during intercourse. Half of them receive oral sex, 17.9% practice anal sex and 26.6% of them report feeling pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge after intercourse was reported in 25.6% of the cases. CONCLUSION:Young female college students from Brazilian public universities have many inadequate care habits related to their genital area. They do not use genital piercing and tattoos, but report having pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal discharge after sex in a large number of cases.
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Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Piercing Corporal , Vestuário , Remoção de Cabelo , Comportamento Sexual , Tatuagem , Vulva , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , UniversidadesRESUMO
Os avanços tecnológicos recentes da Medicina têm oferecido colaboração substancial no diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico das doenças. A técnica de citometria de fluxo, largamente usada em Hematologia, Oncologia e Imunologia, vem ganhando importância na Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Neste artigo apresentaremos uma visão geral sobre o tema, os princípios de funcionamento do citômetro e o histórico do seu surgimento, assim como as principais aplicações da citometria na saúde da mulher. Após extensa revisão realizada nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, Embase (descritores: Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e citometria de fluxo), além de sites e livro-texto sobre o tema, concluiu-se que a citometria de fluxo é uma técnica moderna, prática, porém de alto custo, que permite a análise de múltiplos parâmetros celulares simultaneamente e em poucos minutos. Tem grande potencial de aplicabilidade em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia e merece atenção dos profissionais para ser implementada nas rotinas diárias.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of climacteric symptoms on the sexual function in middle-aged women. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study was conducted on a sample of 370 middle-aged women, aged 40 to 65 years-old, cared for at the Basic Health Units in Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. We used a questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), while the menopause symptoms by the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). RESULTS: In the studied group, 67% of the women reported risk for sexual dysfunction (FSFI≤26.5). All FSFI domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) were lower in women with risk for sexual dysfunction (p<0.001). The arousal, orgasm, and pain domains were most likely to contribute to lower FSFI scores. All somatovegetative, urogenital, and psychological MRS symptoms were more elevated in women with risk for sexual dysfunction, being significant for all comparisons (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the likelihood of women with risks of sexual dysfunction to present hot flushes, depression, sexual problems, and vaginal dryness was, respectively, 2.1 (95%CI 1.2 - 3.5); 2.4 (95%CI 1.5 - 4.1); 2.3 (95%CI 1.4 - 3.8), and 2.2 (95%CI 1.3 - 3.6) times higher, respectively, compared to those without any risk. CONCLUSION: Climacteric symptoms seem to influence the sexual function in middle-aged women.
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Menopausa/fisiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência dos sintomas climatéricos na função sexual de mulheres de meia-idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo populacional de corte transversal, com amostra de 370 mulheres entre 40 e 65 anos, atendidas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Natal, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Aplicou-se um questionário referente s características sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais das mulheres. A função sexual foi avaliada pelo Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), enquanto os sintomas do climatério pelo Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). RESULTADOS: No grupo estudado, 67% das mulheres apresentaram risco de disfunção sexual (FSFI≤26,5). Todos os domínios do FSFI (desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e dor) apresentaram escores mais baixos nas mulheres com risco de disfunção sexual (p<0,001). Os domínos excitação, orgasmo e dor foram os que mais contribuíram para os baixos escores do FSFI. Os sintomas somatovegetativos, urogenitais e psicológicos do MRS apresentaram-se mais elevados nas mulheres com risco de disfunção sexual, sendo significativos para todas as comparações (p<0,001). A análise de regressão logística revelou que as chances de mulheres com riscos de disfunção sexual apresentarem fogachos, humor depressivo, problemas sexuais e ressecamento vaginal foram, respectivamente, 2,1 (IC95% 1,2 - 3,5); 2,4 (IC95% 1,5 - 4,1); 2,3 (IC95% 1,4 - 3,8) e 2,2 (IC95% 1,3 - 3,6) vezes maior, quando comparadas quelas sem risco. CONCLUSÃO: Os sintomas climatéricos parecem influenciar a função sexual de mulheres na meia-idade.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of climacteric symptoms on the sexual function in middle-aged women. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study was conducted on a sample of 370 middle-aged women, aged 40 to 65 years-old, cared for at the Basic Health Units in Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. We used a questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), while the menopause symptoms by the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). RESULTS: In the studied group, 67% of the women reported risk for sexual dysfunction (FSFI≤26.5). All FSFI domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) were lower in women with risk for sexual dysfunction (p<0.001). The arousal, orgasm, and pain domains were most likely to contribute to lower FSFI scores. All somatovegetative, urogenital, and psychological MRS symptoms were more elevated in women with risk for sexual dysfunction, being significant for all comparisons (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the likelihood of women with risks of sexual dysfunction to present hot flushes, depression, sexual problems, and vaginal dryness was, respectively, 2.1 (95%CI 1.2 - 3.5); 2.4 (95%CI 1.5 - 4.1); 2.3 (95%CI 1.4 - 3.8), and 2.2 (95%CI 1.3 - 3.6) times higher, respectively, compared to those without any risk. CONCLUSION: Climacteric symptoms seem to influence the sexual function in middle-aged women.
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Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Menopausa/fisiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Urogenital infections are extremely prevalent during pregnancy and are an important cause of premature labor. However, the prevalence of urogenital infections during childbirth is not well known. Objective. Identify urogenital infections present at the beginning of labor in both full-term and preterm pregnancies. Study Design. Ninety-four women were admitted to the inpatient maternity clinic of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). In total, 49 women in preterm labor and 45 women in full-term labor were included in the study, and samples of urinary, vaginal, and perianal material were collected for microbiological analysis. Results. The prevalences of general infections in the preterm labor group and the full-term labor group were 49.0% and 53.3% (P = 0.8300), respectively. Urogenital infections in the preterm and full-term labor groups included urinary tract infection in 36.7% and 22.2% of women, vaginal candidiasis in 20.4% and 28.9% of women, bacterial vaginosis in 34.7% and 28.9% of women, and group B streptococcus in 6.1% and 15.6% of women, respectively. Conclusions. Urogenital infections were prevalent in women in preterm labor and full-term labor; however, significant differences between the groups were not observed.
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Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/epidemiologia , Trabalho de Parto , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the electrical potentials and pressure exerted by the pelvic floor muscles in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) or vulvodynia as compared to control women. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study performed in the Female Outpatient Clinic of Genital Infections in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas analyzed and compared electromyography (EMG) and vaginal pressure of the pelvic floor muscles in 61 women. Of these 61 women, 19 had vulvodynia, 12 had RVVC and 30 women had no disorder (control group). For data collection, the instrument used was the Miotool Uro device and its software Biotrainer (Miotec Ltd., Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). RESULTS: The EMG evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles showed significantly lower values in the vulvodynia group (tonic contractions) and RVVC group (phasic and tonic contractions) when compared to the control group. No significant differences in basal tone EMG and vaginal pressure values at rest or during pelvic floor muscle contractions were found among groups. The maximum time of sustained contraction in patients with RVVC or vulvodynia was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than in controls. CONCLUSION: Women with vulvodynia and RVVC have more frequent pelvic floor muscle dysfunction than controls when observed by EMG evaluation.
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Candidíase Vulvovaginal/fisiopatologia , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiopatologia , Vagina/fisiopatologia , Vulvodinia/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração Muscular , Pressão , RecidivaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Recurrent vulvovaginitis is an important trigger for inflammatory processes that in many cases may result in vulvovaginal pain. Vulvodynia, a vulvar disorder, can also cause a lot of pain in the female genitals. The sexual function in women with vulvodynia or recurrent vulvovaginitis will possibly be negatively affected and therefore should be evaluated. AIM: To assess sexual function in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and localized provoked vulvodynia (LPV) in comparison with women without lower genital tract dysfunction. METHODS: A 1-year cross-sectional study evaluated sexual function in 58 women (11 with RVVC, 18 with LPV, and 29 controls) seen at a university outpatient clinic. Sexual function was assessed by taking into account the results obtained from the application of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher's tests were used for statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: FSFI, a validated questionnaire in Portuguese. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the three groups with respect to age, marital status, schooling, race, body mass index, contraceptive method, and parity. The FSFI questionnaire total score found was 25.51 (±5.12), 21.17 (±5.15), and 29.56 (±3.87) for the RVVC, LPV, and control groups, respectively. The scores were significantly statistically lower in the study groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). Women with RVVC and LPV also had lower total scores compared with 26.55 values, considered a cutoff score for sexual dysfunction in literature. The LPV group showed a significant difference and scored worse in the domains of arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain but not in the domain of sexual desire. The same occurred with the RVVC group but only for the domains of orgasm and satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Women with RVVC and LPV had significantly more symptoms of sexual dysfunction than women without lower genital tract diseases.
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Candidíase Vulvovaginal/complicações , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/etiologia , Vulvodinia/etiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PROBLEM: The extent of the vaginal immune response is not fully determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vaginal immune cells from women with vulvovaginitis (VV). METHOD OF STUDY: A total of 142 volunteers diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VC), and BV associated with VC or normal microflora were sampled to evaluate the immune cells by flow cytometry. The immune cells were obtained by vaginal lavage and labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to identify neutrophil granulocytes, macrophages, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and NK lymphocytes. RESULTS: Neutrophil granulocytes were present in 84.6% of samples among the leukocyte populations. Considering samples in which neutrophils were present, the mean percentage of neutrophil granulocytes was significantly higher in women with VC than BV and normal microflora and was significantly lower in women with BV than normal microflora. Macrophages and lymphocytes were present in a lower percentage of samples. The mean percentage of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in vaginal lavages was significantly higher in VC and BV compared with women with normal microflora. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils were the predominant leukocytes and were associated with VC and inversely with BV. CD4(+) T lymphocytes were associated with both VC and BV.
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Candidíase Vulvovaginal/imunologia , Vagina/imunologia , Vaginose Bacteriana/imunologia , Adulto , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/patologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Ducha Vaginal , Vaginose Bacteriana/patologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Due to the high prevalence and morbidity sexually transmitted diseases are highly relevant to public health, especially for women. OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the behavioral and biological risks associated with human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. METHODS: A group of 253 women who voluntarily sought anonymous testing were interviewed to find out their behavioral risk. Biological risk was identified by means of gynecological exam, colposcopy as well as blood and cervicovaginal sampling for serological and microbiological exams. Using known traditional risk factors, a table of scores classified the subjects into high, low and absent for behavioral and biological risks. Frequency and percentage of each risk was tabulated and the correlation between risks was obtained by calculating the Kappa statistic. RESULTS: 79.8% of subjects were found to have behavioral risks, and 79.1% biological risks. It was also found that 66.7% of the women (169) with high behavioral risk also had high biological vulnerability. However, 31 out of 51 women without any behavioral risk had biological vulnerability 12.2 %. The Kappa statistic demonstrated low agreement between the latter risks [K = 0.05 95% CI (-0.06 to 0.17)]. CONCLUSION: Women who seek care in centers for anonymous testing have high biological risk, which is neither proportional nor concurrent to behavioral risk. The low concordance found between these risks suggests the need for routine gynecological investigation (clinical and microbiological) for all women.
Assuntos
Testes Anônimos , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Assunção de Riscos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
Due to the high prevalence and morbidity sexually transmitted diseases are highly relevant to public health, especially for women. OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the behavioral and biological risks associated with human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. METHODS: A group of 253 women who voluntarily sought anonymous testing were interviewed to find out their behavioral risk. Biological risk was identified by means of gynecological exam, colposcopy as well as blood and cervicovaginal sampling for serological and microbiological exams. Using known traditional risk factors, a table of scores classified the subjects into high, low and absent for behavioral and biological risks. Frequency and percentage of each risk was tabulated and the correlation between risks was obtained by calculating the Kappa statistic. RESULTS: 79.8 percent of subjects were found to have behavioral risks, and 79.1 percent biological risks. It was also found that 66.7 percent of the women (169) with high behavioral risk also had high biological vulnerability. However, 31 out of 51 women without any behavioral risk had biological vulnerability 12.2 percent. The Kappa statistic demonstrated low agreement between the latter risks [K = 0.05 95 percent CI (-0.06 to 0.17)]. CONCLUSION: Women who seek care in centers for anonymous testing have high biological risk, which is neither proportional nor concurrent to behavioral risk. The low concordance found between these risks suggests the need for routine gynecological investigation (clinical and microbiological) for all women.