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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of short-term storage in two different temperatures on stability of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidant stress index (OSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from twenty healthy volunteers for the study. An aliquot was selected for immediate analysis and the rest was stored at -20°C and -80°C for a period of 120 days, and analyzes were performed at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days. The determination of the TOS and the TAC were performed by colorimetric methods. RESULTS: The results show that the two storage temperatures were able to preserve oxidants and antioxidants up to 60 days with similar levels when compared with fresh samples. When comparing the different storage temperatures at each time point, no significant differences were observed. Finally, the OSI remains constant over time of storage at both temperatures without statistically significant differences between them. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Bonferroni and t-test. A p-value <0.05 was accepted to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The two temperatures were able to keep salivary TOS and TAC levels similar to fresh saliva samples. Therefore they are reliable for assessing oxidative stress up to 60 days.

RESUMO

Oxidative stress biomarkers of oral and systemic diseases can be found in saliva. However, there is no uniformity for the saliva collection time in these kinds of analyses and saliva composition may change because of mechanical stimulation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the effect of mechanical stimulation for 10 min on the concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, total antioxidants and total oxidants in saliva. Saliva samples from individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 38 years, were collected for 10 min at 2 minintervals. Saliva flow rate in each 2 min period was measured, as well the total oxidant state, the total antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations. All analyses were performed in triplicate and were determined using colorimetric tests. The results were analysed using t-test, Friedman's test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. Mauchly's sphericity test was applied and, if necessary, technical corrections were made using the Greenhouse-Geisser test. We found no significant difference between the amounts of saliva produced across the collection times. Total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations remained stable. Based on our findings, saliva can be collected for 10 min or less with masticatory stimulation without any variations in the concentration of the variables analysed. However, we suggest using saliva samples after two minutes of mechanical stimulation.

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Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes that can metastasize to every organ of the body, but metastasis to the oral cavity is uncommon. We describe a case of metastatic malignant melanoma to the mandible in a 33-years-old woman. The patient had a 2 cm × 4 cm firm, ulcerated nodule, distal to the second mandibular right molar. Incisional biopsy revealed epithelioid cells and immunohistochemistry was positive for HMB-45, S-100 protein and vimentin. The patient was referred to the local cancer hospital for treatment but died 3 months later. Metastatic malignant melanomas of the oral cavity are rare and unusual. Early diagnosis of the primary tumor is essential for successful treatment and to improvement of patient prognosis.

RESUMO

Studies assessing the prevalence of oral lesions show that 5.2% to 12.8% of biopsy specimens are from children and adolescents. In Brazil, there are few studies analyzing the distribution of oral lesions in that population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of oral and maxillomandibular lesions of adolescents, admitted to the Department of Oral Diagnosis of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) from 1994 to 2013. A study based on the review of the charts was done and the lesions were classified in 11 categories: salivary glands disease, dental pathology, gingival and periodontal pathology, odontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, non odontogenic cysts, bone pathology, mucosal pathology, connective tissue pathology, malignant tumors and other pathology. Variables including age, sex, ethnicity, diagnosis and lesion location were also evaluated. Upon analysis, 376 lesions were identified, most in girls, 51.9% and 77.1 % of patients were white. The most frequent site was the lower lip followed by the gingiva. Mucocele was the most common lesion (27.6%), followed by fibroepithelial hyperplasia (8.2%) and pyogenic granuloma (5.3%). Although there is a wide range of pathologies that can occur in the oral cavity, traumatic injuries are the most common in this age group.

Los estudios que evalúan la prevalencia de lesiones orales muestran que entre el 5,2% hasta el 12,8% de las muestras de biopsia corresponden a niños y adolescentes. En Brasil, hay pocos estudios que hayan analizado la distribución de las lesiones orales enesa población. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la distribución de las lesiones orales y maxilofaciales de adolescentes, ingresados en el Servicio de Diagnóstico Oral de la Universidad Federal de Paraná (UFPR) entre 1994 a 2013. Se llevó a cabo la revisión de historias clínicas y las lesiones halladas fueron clasificadas en 11 categorías: enfermedad de glándulas salivales, patología dental, patología gingival y periodontal, quistes odontogénicos, tumores odontogénicos, quistes no odontogénicos, patología ósea, patología de la mucosa, patología del tejido conectivo, tumores malignos y otras patologías. También se evaluaron otras variables como edad, género, etnia, diagnóstico y localización de la lesión. Luego del análisis, se identificaron 376 lesiones, la mayoría en niñas (51,9%), siendo el 77,1% de los pacientes de raza blanca. La localización más frecuente fue el labio inferior seguida de la encía. El mucocele fue la lesión más común (27,6%), seguido de hiperplasia fibroepitelial (8,2%) y granuloma piógeno (5,3%). Aunque existe una amplia serie de patologías que pueden ocurrir en la cavidad oral, las lesiones traumáticas son las más comunes en este grupo de edad.

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