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The biometric differences between fruits and seeds are useful characteristics that can provide important data for the investigation and preservation of the species and may be linked to environmental and genetic influences. In this sense, considering the importance of this species and the need for conservation, the objective was to carry out physical characterization of the fruits and seeds of Hymenaea martiana as well as to determine the seed imbibition curve. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory at the Agricultural Sciences Center at the Federal University of Paraíba in Areia, PB. The evaluations carried out were as follows: biometry of fruits and seeds, number of seeds per fruit, colorimetry of fruits and seeds, percentage of damaged seeds, weight of a thousand seeds, seed water content, mass and imbibition curve. The biometric data were subjected to descriptive analysis to determine the minimum, maximum, average value, standard deviation, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the fruits and seeds. In terms of the biometric characteristics of the fruits and seeds of H. martiana, there was a marked variation, with average fruit lengths of 90.28 mm, widths of 46.83 mm, thicknesses of 34.69 mm, weights of 65.86 g and four seeds per fruit. The average length, width, thickness and weight of the seeds were 23.75 mm, 18.34 mm, 12.71 g and 4.13 g, respectively. The fruits were darker than the seeds, and both the fruits and seeds had red tones. Compared with nonscarified seeds, scarified seeds absorb a greater amount of water.

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Fungi of the genus Trichoderma spp have been related to the production of hormones or correlated with growth factors, promoting greater efficiency in the use of some nutrients, thus allowing greater availability and absorption by plants. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the dose of organomineral fertilizer from cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) residues and the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum on the initial growth and morphophysiological quality of Mezilaurus itauba seedlings in the northern Amazon. Dose of 50% of the organomineral fertilizer from cupuaçu residues (ORFCup) with Trichoderma harzianum promotes better quality and robustness in Mezilaurus itauba seedlings. The presence of Trichoderma harzianum + 50% ORFCup promotes positive gains in the root biomass of Mezilaurus itauba seedlings. The presence of Trichoderma harzianum promotes an increase in chlorophylls a and b contents in Mezilaurus itauba seedlings. For the production of Mezilaurus itauba seedlings, it is recommended to use Trichoderma harzianum + 50% ORFCup, as it promoted increments in all physiological and morphological indices under the conditions of the present study.

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ABSTRACT Recent research reports the importance of preserving plants in Brazilian semiarid regions, in this context, the scientific literature has reported different pharmacological studies from plant extracts with an antifungal potential, coming from forest species that can contribute as a control and management strategy in the transmission of phytopathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biotech treatments in controlling the transmission of Colletotrichum sp. in seeds of S. obtusifolium. In this study, 100 seeds were subjected to the following preventive treatments: fungicide Captan®, extract of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. Ex. Tul., and biological control with Trichoderma spp. The biological control with Trichoderma spp. and the alternative control using C. ferrea extract provided a greater protection to seeds and seedlings of S. obtusifolium facing the transmissibility of Colletotrichum sp.The treatment based on plant extract is more efficient for this purpose only in large seeds and does not interfere on the germination percentage and speed. Therefore it is necessary to perform other studies with Trichoderma spp. and C. ferrea extract to test different doses of these products.

RESUMO Recentes pesquisas relatam a importância da preservação de plantas do semiárido brasileiro. Neste contexto, a literatura científica tem relatado diferentes estudos farmacológicos com extratos vegetais com potencial antifúngico proveniente de espécies florestais que podem contribuir como estratégia de controle e gerenciamento na transmissão de fitopatógenos. No presente estudo o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de tratamentos biotecnológicos no controle da transmissibilidade de Colletotrichum sp. em sementes de S. obtusifolium. Neste estudo foram utilizadas 100 sementes submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos preventivos: fungicida Captan®, extrato de Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. Ex. Tul. e controle biológico com Trichoderma spp. O controle biológico com Trichoderma spp. e o alternativo com extrato de C. ferrea proporcionam maior proteção às sementes e plântulas S. obtusifolium quanto a transmissibilidade do Colletotrichum sp. O tratamento à base de extrato vegetal foi o mais eficiente para este fim, apenas em sementes de maior tamanho, por não interferir na porcentagem e velocidade de germinação. Portanto, faz-se necessário à realização de outros trabalhos com Trichoderma spp. e extrato de C. ferrea para testar doses diferentes desses produtos.

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Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. é uma espécie pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, cuja planta pode ser utilizada como medicinal, na indústria de curtimento de couro, na arborização de ruas e praças, produzindo madeira de grande resistência mecânica. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as melhores condições e períodos de armazenamento para conservação da viabilidade e vigor das sementes de M. urundeuva. As embalagens utilizadas para acondicionamento das sementes foram sacos de papel Kraft, algodão e de polietileno transparente, bem como folhas de papel alumínio. Em seguida as sementes foram armazenadas em ambiente natural de laboratório (25 ± 2ºC), freezer (-20 ± 2ºC), câmara fria (8 ± 2ºC) e geladeira (6 ± 2ºC). Em intervalos pré-determinados (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 dias) avaliou-se o teor de água das sementes, porcentagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. No ambiente de laboratório não houve conservação do vigor das sementes de M. urundeuva. A melhor condição para conservação de sementes de M. urundeuva foi obtida com o acondicionamento em sacos de papel Kraft, pano de algodão, plástico ou papel alumínio e manutenção em geladeira ou freezer, podendo também ser conservadas embaladas em papel ou alumínio, quando estocadas em câmara fria, por 240 dias. Alteração no vigor de sementes dessa espécie é primeiramente identificada pela redução da velocidade de emergência.

Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. is a species belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, which can be utilized as a medicinal plant, or in the leather tanning industry, urban afforestation, and the production of wood with great mechanic resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the best conditions and storage periods for preserving the viability and vigor of M. urundeuva. Seeds conditioned in bags of Kraft paper, cotton, polyethylene or aluminum foil of mesh polyethylene were stored at room temperature (25 ± 2ºC), freezer (-20 ± 2ºC), cold (8 ± 2ºC) and refrigerator (6 ± 2ºC). At 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 days they were evaluated for seed moisture content, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index (ESI), seedling length and seedling dry matter. In the natural environment of the laboratory, there was no conservation of seed vigor M. urundeuva. The best M. urundeuva seed conservation condition was obtained with bags of Kraft paper, cotton, polyethylene or aluminum foil of mesh polyethylene in the refrigerator or freezer. M. urundeuva seeds can also be kept in paper bags or aluminum foil when stored in a refrigerated chamber, for 240 days. Seed vigor change in this species is initially identified by decrease in the speed emergence.

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Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a metodologia do teste de tetrazólio para sementes de Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith, determinando as melhores condições de pré-umedecimento, bem como temperatura, período de coloração e concentração da solução de tetrazólio. Avaliou-se a coloração das sementes intactas e escarificadas (lixadas), ambas com tegumento, diretamente na solução de tetrazólio nas concentrações de 0,025; 0,050; 0,075 e 1 por cento a 35 e 40ºC, por 12 e 24h no escuro. Verificou-se o pré-umedecimento para retirar o tegumento utilizando-se sementes intactas e escarificadas, as quais foram imersas diretamente em água e submetidas a embebição em papel toalha e por 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas em temperaturas de 35 e 40ºC. Após a determinação do método para retirar o tegumento os embriões foram submetidas à coloração em solução de tetrazólio nas concentrações de 0,025; 0,050; 0,075 e 1 por cento. Com os resultados obtidos verificou-se a necessidade da retirada total do tegumento para que ocorra a coloração e que a temperatura de 40ºC é prejudicial para a embebição no pré-umedecimento. O teste de tetrazólio nas sementes de A. cearensis deve ser realizado com o pré-umedecimento das sementes escarificadas (lixadas) e imersas diretamente em água por 24 horas, na temperatura de 35ºC, para posterior retirada total do tegumento. E para atingir a coloração ideal os embriões devem ser imersos em solução de tetrazólio a 0,05 por cento por 3 horas, a 40ºC.

This work aimed to evaluate the methodology of tetrazolium test in Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith seeds, establishing the best pre-moistening conditions, as well as temperature, coloration period and tetrazolium solution concentration. The coloration of intact and scarified (sanded) seeds, both with tegument, was directly evaluated in tetrazolium solution at the concentrations of 0.025; 0.050; 0.075; and 1 percent, at 35 and 40ºC, for 12 and 24 h in the dark. Pre-moistening to remove the tegument was evaluated by using intact and scarified seeds, which were directly immersed in water and subjected to imbibition in paper towel for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h at 35 and 40ºC. After establishing the method to remove the tegument, embryos were subjected to coloration in tetrazolium solution at the concentrations of 0.025; 0.050; 0.075; and 1 percent. Based on the obtained results, the complete tegument removal is needed for coloration; besides, the temperature of 40ºC is harmful for imbibition during pre-moistening. The tetrazolium test in A. cearensis seeds should be performed including pre-moistening through direct immersion of scarified (sanded) seeds in water for 24h at 35ºC for later complete tegument removal. To achieve the ideal coloration, embryos must be immersed in tetrazolium solution at 0.05 percent for 3h at 40ºC.

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