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Introduction: Caffeine and the selective A2A receptor antagonist SCH58261 both have ergogenic properties, effectively reducing fatigue and enhancing exercise capacity. This study investigates in male Swiss mice the interaction between adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors controlling central fatigue, with a focus on the striatum where these receptors are most abundant. Methods: We employed DPCPX and SCH58261 to antagonize A1 and A2A receptors, caffeine as a non-competitive antagonist for both receptors, and haloperidol as a D2 receptor antagonist; all compounds were tested upon systemic application and caffeine and SCH58261 were also directly applied in the striatum. Behavioral assessments using the open field, grip strength, and treadmill tests allowed estimating the effect of treatments on fatigue. Results and discussion: The results suggested a complex interplay between the dopamine and adenosine systems. While systemic DPCPX had little effect on motor performance or fatigue, the application of either caffeine or SCH58261 was ergogenic, and these effects were attenuated by haloperidol. The intra-striatal administration of caffeine or SCH58261 was also ergogenic, but these effects were unaffected by haloperidol. These findings confirm a role of striatal A2A receptors in the control of central fatigue but suggest that the D2 receptor-mediated control of the ergogenic effects of caffeine and of A2A receptor antagonists might occur outside the striatum. This prompts the need of additional efforts to unveil the role of different brain regions in the control of fatigue.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-wk face-to-face rehabilitation program on subjects with persistent symptoms of COVID-19 compared with a remote monitoring group. DESIGN: This is clinical, nonrandomized, controlled, and open study. The face-to-face supervised rehabilitation lasted eight consecutive weeks, twice a week. The remote monitoring group received health guidance. The allocation was carried out by preference because of the emergency period without vaccination during the pandemic. Fatigue, dyspnea (Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire), and exercise capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walk Test) were the primary outcome measures. Lung function, functional status (Post-COVID-19 Functional Status), symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), attention (d2-R), memory (Rey's Auditory-Verbal Learning Test), handgrip strength, and knee extensor strength were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS: Thirty-seven subjects (24.3% hospitalized) completed the baseline and final assessment, rehabilitation ( n = 22, 40.8 [SD, 10.0] yrs, 54.5% female), or remote guidance ( n = 15, 45.4 [SD, 10.5] yrs, 40% female). Both groups showed improved fatigue and exercise capacity. Exercise rehabilitation improved dyspnea, anxiety, attention, and short-term memory. CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation is essential for dyspnea in subjects with persistent symptoms of COVID-19 while fatigue naturally reverses.
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COVID-19 , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Dispneia/etiologia , Tolerância ao Exercício , Fadiga/etiologia , Força da Mão , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/reabilitação , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Fatigue is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) and compromised dopamine neurotransmission are linked to fatigue. Studies demonstrate that A2AR antagonism potentiates dopamine transmission via dopamine receptor D2 (D2R). However, the heterodimer form of A2AR-D2R in the striatum prompted questions about the therapeutic targets for PD patients. This study investigates the effects of caffeine (A2AR non-selective antagonist) plus haloperidol (D2R selective antagonist) treatment in the fatigue induced by the reserpine model of PD. Reserpinized mice showed impaired motor control in the open field test (p < 0.05) and fatigue in the grip strength meter test (p < 0.05). L-DOPA and caffeine plus haloperidol similarly increased motor control (p < 0.05) and mitigated fatigue (p < 0.05). Our results support the A2AR-D2R heterodimer participation in the central fatigue of PD, and highlight the potential of A2AR-D2R antagonism in the management of PD.
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Dopamina , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Cafeína/farmacologia , Haloperidol/farmacologia , Receptores de Dopamina D2 , Estudos Prospectivos , Modelos Teóricos , Receptor A2A de AdenosinaRESUMO
Caffeine is one of the main ergogenic resources used in exercise and sports. Previously, we reported the ergogenic mechanism of caffeine through neuronal A2AR antagonism in the central nervous system [1]. We now demonstrate that the striatum rules the ergogenic effects of caffeine through neuroplasticity changes. Thirty-four Swiss (8-10 weeks, 47 ± 1.5 g) and twenty-four C57BL/6J (8-10 weeks, 23.9 ± 0.4 g) adult male mice were studied behaviorly and electrophysiologically using caffeine and energy metabolism was studied in SH-SY5Y cells. Systemic (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or striatal (bilateral, 15 µg) caffeine was psychostimulant in the open field (p < 0.05) and increased grip efficiency (p < 0.05). Caffeine also shifted long-term depression (LTD) to potentiation (LTP) in striatal slices and increased the mitochondrial mass (p < 0.05) and membrane potential (p < 0.05) in SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. Our results demonstrate the role of the striatum in the ergogenic effects of caffeine, with changes in neuroplasticity and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central , Neuroblastoma , Substâncias para Melhoria do Desempenho , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Animais , Cafeína/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The objective was to identify the AT demands of para-athletes in para-badminton and present the process of prescription, and follow-up of the AT devices. Also, to evaluate the expectations and the level of satisfaction with the service provided and the AT device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case study with 3 professional para-badminton athletes, that had as baseline the Matching Person and Technology (MPT) model, the Para-athlete Questionnaire, the AT Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-Br), the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with AT (B-QUEST) and an Observation Script. The data were analyzed using absolute frequency statistics, and the qualitative data were grouped according to the categories of the MPT model. RESULTS: 4 AT demands were identified: 1 insole, 1 wheelchair footrest adaptation, 1 armband, and 1 lower-limb strap, with prescription, and AT follow-up by the occupational therapist. The quantitative analysis showed a gain in athletes' satisfaction with the AT devices, and in the expectations achieved with the use of the device. CONCLUSIONS: The role of the occupational therapist in parasports, based on a theoretical model, can contribute to the successful use of AT and therefore better performance of para-athletes. Studies with different populations are necessary to improve knowledge in the area.
Understanding the Assistive Technology (AT) intervention, considering the use AT guidelines and the Matching Person and Technology (MPT).Presenting the intervention of an occupational therapist (OT) with paralympic athletes, more specifically in the area of AT in with relation to Para-badminton;Identifying the AT used and customized in para-badminton and their objectives;Identifying personal, contextual and technological factors that can interfere with the use of AT in parasports;Presenting the satisfaction with the AT device in the parasport, such as: insole, wheelchair footrest adaptation, armband and, lower-limb strap; before and after OT intervention in the area of AT;Knowing the satisfaction with the AT service provided by the occupational therapist based on the MPT model;Comprehending the use of the MPT conceptual model and application of the AT Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-BR) for prescribing and monitoring AT use in the para-athlete population.
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Coronavirus 2 is responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the main sequela is persistent fatigue. Post-viral fatigue is common and affects patients with mild, asymptomatic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, the exact mechanisms involved in developing post-COVID-19 fatigue remain unclear. Furthermore, physical and cognitive impairments in these individuals have been widely described. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and propose tools from a multifaceted perspective to assess COVID-19 infection. Herein, we point out the instruments that can be used to assess fatigue in long-term COVID-19: fatigue in a subjective manner or fatigability in an objective manner. For physical and mental fatigue, structured questionnaires were used to assess perceived symptoms, and physical and cognitive performance assessment tests were used to measure fatigability using reduced performance.
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COVID-19 , Fadiga , Humanos , Cognição , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/etiologia , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/fisiopatologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Avaliação de Sintomas , Fadiga/diagnóstico , Fadiga/etiologia , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Fadiga Mental/diagnóstico , Fadiga Mental/etiologia , Fadiga Mental/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-AgudaRESUMO
A resposta imune desenvolvida pelo hospedeiro contra o Mycobacterium tuberculosis é considerada de natureza complexa e multifacetada. Esta interação bacilo-hospedeiro resulta, na maioria das vezes, em uma infecção latente assintomática, podendo ou não evoluir para a forma ativa da tuberculose (TB). O presente estudo objetivou atualizar e sumarizar o conhecimento científico acerca dos mecanismos imunológicos associados à infecção e sua progressão para a TB ativa. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, realizada a partir do levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e SciELO, nos últimos 20 anos. Nas últimas décadas, a caracterização de linfócitos Tγδ, MAIT, iNKT e outra células T CD1 restritas proporcionaram um maior entendimento do papel da imunidade inata na infecção pelo bacilo. A migração de linfócitos T CD4+ produtores de IFN-g, TNF-α e de outras moléculas solúveis, promove o recrutamento e formação do granuloma, estrutura que beneficia tanto o hospedeiro quanto o bacilo. Eventualmente, um desequilíbrio nesta complexa rede de interação, resulta em uma resposta inflamatória exacerbada que contribui para o desenvolvimento de um granuloma necrótico. Por fim, a exaustão da resposta imune local frente à contínua exposição ao bacilo, associada ao perfil anti-inflamatório dos linfócitos Th2 e linfócitos Treg, favorecem a inativação funcional e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento da doença ativa. A resposta imunológica é crucial para o desenvolvimento da infecção por M. tuberculosis. Portanto, estudos que possibilitem uma maior compreensão sobre a interação bacilohospedeiro podem viabilizar o desenvolvimento de novos métodos diagnósticos, estratégias terapêuticas e, sobretudo, avanços no desenvolvimento de imunobiológicos.
The immune response developed by the host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered a complex and multifaceted nature. This host-bacillus interaction, which in most cases results in an asymptomatic latent infection that may or may not evolve to the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The present study aimed to update and summarize the current scientific knowledge regarding the immunological mechanisms associated with infection and the development of active disease. This is a narrative review, based on scientific articles indexed in the PubMed/ MEDLINE and SciELO databases over the last 20 years. In recent decades, the characterization of Tγδ lymphocytes, MAIT, iNKT and CD1-restricted T cells has provided a better understanding of the role of innate immunity in bacilli infection. The migration of T CD4+ lymphocytes that produce IFN-γ, TNF-α and other soluble molecules, promotes the recruitment and formation of the granuloma, a structure that benefits both the host and the bacillus. Eventually, an imbalance in this complex interaction network results in an exacerbated inflammatory response that contributes to the development of a necrotic granuloma. Finally, exhaustion of the local immune response due to continuous exposure to the bacillus, associated with the anti-inflammatory profile of Th2 lymphocytes and Treg lymphocytes, favor functional inactivation and, consequently, the development of active disease. The immune response is crucial for the development of M. tuberculosis infection. Therefore, studies that enable a greater understanding of the hostbacillus interaction may enable the development of new diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies and, above all, advances in the development of immunobiologicals.
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Humanos , Tuberculose , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Imunidade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Terapêutica , Linfócitos T , Antígenos CD4 , Estratégias de Saúde , PubMed , Alergia e Imunologia , GranulomaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Few studies have reported the influence of environmental factors that may act as barriers or facilitators to participation in parasports. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the relationship between environmental factors present in parasports (attitudes, support, services, assistive technology and policies). In addition, we present the concurrent validation of the Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-Br). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three adult Paralympic athletes with physical and/or visual impairment who practiced goalball, wheelchair tennis, table tennis, sitting volleyball, rugby, swimming, equestrianism, weightlifting, track and field, archery, bocce ball and parabadminton were analysed. Sociodemographic questionnaires, ATDPA-Br and QUEST B were used for data collection and analysed by 5% significance level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The findings showed a predominance of athletes with spinal cord injury playing rugby (11) and parabadminton (9), 25.4% exhibited low sociodemographic levels, 36.5% required a wheelchair and 9.6% used prostheses. Although 90.5% of participants reported that assistive technology helped them in their sport, they also expressed dissatisfaction with the services provided. There was a significant correlation between satisfaction with the device in the QUEST instrument and the positive psychosocial factors of the ATDPA-Br, meaning the larger the number of positive factors, the greater the satisfaction with the device. CONCLUSION: This study showed the predominance of low-income parathletes and that environmental factor as access to the benefits of public policies, it may be a barrier to participation in parasports. Also, the technology and the services provided should act as facilitators to parasport performance.Implications for rehabilitationUnderstand the objectives of assistive technology in paralympic sports.Identify the environmental factors present in parasports (attitudes, support, services, assistive technology, and policies).Analyze the relationship between environmental factors present in parasports (attitudes, support, services, assistive technology, and policies).Have access to the concurrent validation of the Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-Br).
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Tecnologia Assistiva , Esportes , Cadeiras de Rodas , Adulto , Atletas , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Paralympic sport is characterized by the pursuit of better performance in sports played by people with disabilities. In wheelchair rugby, assistive technology (AT) equipment is used to enhance athletic performance. OBJECTIVES: Assess the AT requirements of wheelchair rugby players, identify the psychosocial factors that contribute to their performance and AT use and assess user satisfaction with the recommended and implemented AT. METHOD: Descriptive explanatory case study with a quantitative approach that included four athletes from the Brazilian national wheelchair rugby squad, who answered the Athletes with Disabilities Questionnaire, the AT Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-BR) and Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with AT (QUEST version 2.0). Statistical analysis consisted of frequencies and percentages, as well as the scores for each instrument. RESULTS: Items required: harnesses, gloves and cooling vests. The AT improved athletic performance and increased the overall satisfaction score from 1.6 to 4.8 after intervention. The factors considered to determine AT success were safety, comfort and effectiveness, and the positive psychosocial factors identified were support from family and friends and sufficient income to participate in the sport. CONCLUSIONS: The study achieved its objectives and the use of a conceptual model, standardized assessments and working in conjunction with the athletes and their trainers were essential. It is hoped that the baseline presented in this study can be used in future research in the fields of AT or parasports.Implications for rehabilitationPresent the intervention of the occupational therapist in Assistive Technology (AT) for paralympic athletes;Identify personal and contextual factors in the use of AT in parasports (attitudes, support and services);Present satisfaction with the AT device in parasport before and after intervention;Present satisfaction with the AT service provided by the occupational therapist based on the Matching Person and Technology (MPT) model.Understand the objectives of AT in wheelchair rugby.Understand the use of the MPT conceptual model and application of the AT Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-BR) to recommend and monitor AT use in the para-athlete population.Know the AT devices used and customized by wheelchair rugby athletes.
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Futebol Americano , Terapia Ocupacional , Tecnologia Assistiva , Cadeiras de Rodas , Atletas , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The practice of occupational therapy in parasports aims to improve participation in sports as an occupation, reducing barriers stemming from the environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the process of choice, prescription and follow-up of assistive technology (AT) in competitive adolescent parasports using the theoretical model Matching Person and Technology. METHODS: Case study with 3 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old in Bocce and Para-badminton modalities was performed. Characterization Questionnaire; Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (B-Quest); Assistive Technology Device - Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-Br); Brazil Criteria and Intervention Report were used. RESULTS: Level of income was intermediate and low. The AT used were handcrafted by family and coaches. The Psychosocial factors detected were low privacy, autonomy, discomfort and device appearance. Pre-intervention there was dissatisfaction with AT related to the device and the context. Post-intervention, satisfaction scores increased. CONCLUSIONS: The model was a positive guide regarding the intervention of technology in the parasport, directing the participation of the specialist with the parathletes, their family and coaches, in the continuous monitoring of its use. This was key for the satisfaction in using the AT in sports, besides contributing to their occupational performance and maintaining people with disability in parasports, increasing the possibility of adolescents becoming professional para-athletes. Further studies in this area are suggested.
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Terapia Ocupacional , Tecnologia Assistiva , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Humanos , Quebeque , TecnologiaRESUMO
Resumo O esporte paralímpico diz respeito às modalidades de esportes que compõem os jogos paralímpicos, tendo adaptação nas regras, nos fundamentos e nas estruturas, tornando-se específicos para as pessoas com deficiências. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar as Tecnologias Assistivas (TA) utilizadas pelos paratletas, sua satisfação com estas e com o serviço prestado, além de identificar os principais quesitos para o bom uso de cada TA, relacionando barreiras e facilitadores para a prática do paraesporte. A pesquisa descritiva exploratória contou com 54 paratletas com deficiência física e sensorial, que responderam às Avaliação de Tecnologia Assistiva (ATD PA Br) e a Avaliação da Satisfação do Usuário com a Tecnologia Assistiva de Quebec QUEST B. Foram identificadas sete diferentes TA, as quais foram analisadas separadamente: cadeira de rodas manual, prótese, órtese, faixa para braço, palmilha, bola e raquete adaptadas. Dentre os itens considerados fundamentais para o bom uso do dispositivo, a segurança, o conforto e a eficácia foram citados em todas as TA. O dispositivo mais citado foi a cadeira de rodas: 43% dos paratletas se mostraram bastante satisfeitos com o dispositivo, e 54% insatisfeitos com o serviço prestado pela TA. Este estudo pôde identificar algumas Tecnologias Assistivas utilizadas no esporte paralímpico; concluiu-se que os itens considerados fundamentais ao uso da TA, assim como a satisfação do usuário e a assistência prestada, podem atuar como barreiras ou facilitadores à prática do paraesporte. Destaca-se que ainda são escassos os estudos que focam as Tecnologias Assistivas e o esporte paralímpico.
Abstract The Paralympic sport is the sport modalities that make up the Paralympic Games, applying adapted rules, specifics theories, and structures for people with disabilities. The objective of this research was to present the assistive technologies (AT) used by para-athletes, their satisfaction with AT devices and the services provided and, identify the main requirements for the good use of each AT and services, correlating barriers and facilitators for the practical of para-sports. The exploratory descriptive research consisted of 54 para-athletes with physical and sensory disabilities, who answered the Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA-Br) and Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology QUEST B. Seven different AT were cited and analyzed singly: manual wheelchairs, prosthesis, bracing, arm strap, insole, ball, and racket adapted. Among the items considered fundamental for the good use of the device, the safety, the comfort, and effectiveness were cited in all AT devices. The most cited device was the wheelchair, 43% of the para-athletes were very satisfied with the device and 54% dissatisfied with the service provided to the AT. This study can identify some assistive technologies devices used in Paralympic sport and it is concluded that the items considered important to the use of AT, as well as user satisfaction and assistance provided, can either act as barriers or facilitators to the practice of parasport. It is noteworthy that there are still few studies that focus on assistive technologies and Paralympic sport.
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In understanding the pathology of neurological diseases, the role played by brain energy metabolism is gaining prominence. Animal models have demonstrated that regular physical exercise improves brain energy metabolism while also providing antidepressant, anxiolytic, antioxidant and neuroprotective functions. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the roles played by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) in this scenario. The beneficial effects of exercise seem to depend on crosstalk between muscles and nervous tissue through the increased release of muscle irisin during exercise.
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While chronic high-fat feeding has long been associated with the rising incidence of obesity/type 2 diabetes, recent evidence has established that it is also associated with deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory. In this regard, environmental enrichment (EE) is an animal housing technique composed of increased space, physical activity, and social interactions, which in turn increases sensory, cognitive, motor, and social stimulation. EE leads to improved cerebral health as defined by increased neurogenesis, enhanced learning and memory and resistance to external cerebral insults. In the present study, the impacts of environmental enrichment (EE) on Swiss mice fed a high-fat, cholesterol-enriched diet (HFECD; 20% fat and 1.5% cholesterol) were investigated. Here, we demonstrated that EE, when initiated 4 weeks after the beginning of HFECD in mice, prevents HFECD-induced spatial memory and object recognition impairment, which were tested in T-maze and object recognition tests. Although EE did not affect HFECD-induced weight gain or hypercholesterolaemia, it improved glucose tolerance. On the other hand, EE was unable to mitigate a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and IL-6 hippocampal levels induced by the HFECD. Overall, while our results reinforce the positive and neuroprotective effects of EE on cognition they do not support a role for EE in preventing the neurochemical changes induced by the HFECD. Based on clinical observations that nondiabetic individuals with mild forms of impaired glucose tolerance have a higher risk of cognitive impairments, one can speculate about the connection between the effects of EE on glucose intolerance and its effects on cognition.
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Colesterol/efeitos adversos , Disfunção Cognitiva/terapia , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Meio Ambiente , Abrigo para Animais , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Intolerância à Glucose/etiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/metabolismo , Intolerância à Glucose/patologia , Intolerância à Glucose/terapia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipercolesterolemia/etiologia , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Hipercolesterolemia/patologia , Hipercolesterolemia/psicologia , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Memória EspacialRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA) for use in Brazil. METHOD: The selection of the Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA) was determined by previous literature reviews of articles published in 2014 and 2016 in six databases with the terms "assistive device" or "assistive technology" or "self-help device" combined with "evidence-based practice" or "framework" or "measurement scale" or "model and outcome assessment". This review indicated that the conceptual model of Assistive Technology (AT) most discussed in the literature was the Matching Person and Technology (MPT) model, and this finding determined the selection of ATD PA as an assessment within the MPT portfolio of measures. The procedures for cross-cultural adaptation were as follows: Equivalence of Concept, Semantic and Operational. Five experts were asked to translate 725 items and these translations were evaluated and a high level of agreement was demonstrated. RESULTS: The Portuguese version, Avaliação de Tecnologia Assistiva - Predisposição ao Uso - ATD PA Br, was derived from the original version in English (ATD PA). CONCLUSION: The ATD PA Br will support professionals and people with disabilities in Brazil to better select AT devices according to the clients' needs. Implications for rehabilitation Provides a systematic way of selecting assistive technology devices for the use of individuals with disabilities according to the Brazilian reality. A systematic way of selecting the assistive technology that can help decrease the abandonment of the assistive technology use. The use of the Matching Person and Technology theorical model and of the assessment ATD PA Br is essential to guide the researches and clinical practice in Brazil.
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Comparação Transcultural , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Idioma , Tecnologia Assistiva/normas , Brasil , HumanosRESUMO
Introdução: Pesquisas internacionais buscam compreender os fatores que influenciam o uso bem sucedido dos dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva (T.A.), seja por meio de estudos de sistematização de avaliações, de causas de abandono dos dispositivos ou de modelos teóricos que abordam aspectos necessários à implementação dos mesmos. No Brasil, as pesquisas estão focadas no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, sendo ainda escassos os estudos sobre o uso bem sucedido dos dispositivos e as formas de implementação de T.A. Objetivo: Identificar os modelos conceituais mais utilizados para a indicação e a implementação de dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva. Método: Revisão da literatura em seis bases de dados: CINAHAL, Eric, GALE, LILACS, MEDLINE e PsycInfo. Foi utilizada a análise crítica descrita por Grant e Booth para avaliação das pesquisas localizadas. Resultados: Nenhum estudo brasileiro foi encontrado e, dentre os 29 artigos internacionais selecionados, 17 apresentavam modelos conceituais utilizados na área de T.A., sendo que, destes, 14 eram específicos de T.A. Os resultados mostraram que novos modelos conceituais de T.A. estão em desenvolvimento e que o modelo Matching Person and Technology MPT foi o mais citado. Conclusão: Pode-se observar que as práticas envolvendo a área de T.A. no contexto internacional apresentam uma correlação com modelos teóricos e espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para a replicação destes preceitos também no âmbito nacional.
Introduction: The latest international researches seek to understand the factors affecting the successful use of assistive technology devices through studies regarding the assessments systematizing; abandonment of devices; or theoric models that consider the aspects of those devices implementation. In Brazil the researches are focused on developing new technologies and there are still not sufficient studies related to the successful use of devices and ways of assistive technology implementation. Objective: To identify conceptual models used for indication and implementation of assistive technology devices. Method: Literature review. The survey was conducted in six databases: CINAHAL, Eric, GALE, LILACS, MEDLINE e PsycInfo. A critical analysis described by Grant and Booth was used. Results: There are no records of a Brazilian survey and among 29 selected articles, 17 conceptual models used in the area of AT were found; of these, 14 were specific to AT. The results showed that the new conceptual models of TA are under development and the conceptual model "Matching Person and Technology MPT" was the most mentioned. Conclusion: We can observe that the practices related to TA area in international context shows a correlation with conceptual models, thus, we hope this study might have the capacity to contribute for the propagation of this precepts at national level.
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O Censo Escolar realizado no Brasil no ano de 2010 mostrou que o número de deficientes matriculados no ensino regular foi de 702.603. O uso de recursos de tecnologia assistiva no contexto escolar vem sendoindicado para favorecer a execução de tarefas, o acesso aos conteúdos pedagógicos e aos ambientes escolares auxiliando, consequentemente, a aprendizagem dos indivíduos com deficiência. Porém, poucos são os estudos que apontam as repercussões trazidas pelos recursos no processo de escolarização da criança com deficiência física. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar as contribuições e dificuldades no uso de recursos de tecnologia assistiva no contexto da escolarização no ensino regular do aluno com paralisia cerebral mais comprometido motoramente a partir do ponto de vista do professor. Participaram deste estudo cinco professores de alunos com paralisia cerebral que faziam uso de recurso de tecnologia assistiva na execução de tarefas de escrita e/oucomunicação. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e os dados obtidos foram analisados a partir da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os resultados evidenciaram que os recursos de tecnologia assistiva já estão inseridos na escola regular e que os mesmos trouxeram contribuições ao processo de escolarização da criança com paralisia cerebral em classe comum, porém, estão sendo implementados sem sistematização, acompanhamentos e/ou parcerias. O estudo apontou para a necessidade de considerar as opiniões e necessidades dos principais envolvidos no contexto em que o recurso de tecnologia está inserido.(AU)
The national School Census revealed that 702,603 disabled people were enrolled in regular education in 2010. The use of assistive technology resources in the school context has been indicated to favor the executionof tasks and the access to educational content and school environments and, consequently, help disabled individuals? learning. However, there are few studies showing the impact of these resources in the educationprocess of children with physical disabilities. The aim of this study was to identify, from the teacher?s viewpoint, the contributions and difficulties in the use of technology resources with students with cerebral palsy, focusing on those with severe motor impairment, attending regular education. The study included five teachers of these students who were using assistive technology resources in the execution of writing and/or communication assignments. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed following the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) technique. Results indicated that assistive technology resources are already included in regular schools and that they have brought contributions to the education process of children with cerebralpalsy in regular class; nevertheless, they are being implemented without systematization, monitoring and/or partnerships. The study pointed to the need to consider the opinions and requirements of the people involved inthe context where the use of technology is inserted.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Tecnologia Assistiva , Paralisia Cerebral/psicologia , Educação Inclusiva , DocentesRESUMO
O Censo Escolar realizado no Brasil no ano de 2010 mostrou que o número de deficientes matriculados no ensino regular foi de 702.603. O uso de recursos de tecnologia assistiva no contexto escolar vem sendo indicado para favorecer a execução de tarefas, o acesso aos conteúdos pedagógicos e aos ambientes escolares auxiliando, consequentemente, a aprendizagem dos indivíduos com deficiência. Porém, poucos são os estudos que apontam as repercussões trazidas pelos recursos no processo de escolarização da criança com deficiência física. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar as contribuições e dificuldades no uso de recursos de tecnologia assistiva no contexto da escolarização no ensino regular do aluno com paralisia cerebral mais comprometido motoramente a partir do ponto de vista do professor. Participaram deste estudo cinco professores de alunos com paralisia cerebral que faziam uso de recurso de tecnologia assistiva na execução de tarefas de escrita e/ou comunicação. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e os dados obtidos foram analisados a partir da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os resultados evidenciaram que os recursos de tecnologia assistiva já estão inseridos na escola regular e que os mesmos trouxeram contribuições ao processo de escolarização da criança com paralisia cerebral em classe comum, porém, estão sendo implementados sem sistematização, acompanhamentos e/ou parcerias. O estudo apontou para a necessidade de considerar as opiniões e necessidades dos principais envolvidos no contexto em que o recurso de tecnologia está inserido.
The national School Census revealed that 702,603 disabled people were enrolled in regular education in 2010. The use of assistive technology resources in the school context has been indicated to favor the executionof tasks and the access to educational content and school environments and, consequently, help disabled individuals? learning. However, there are few studies showing the impact of these resources in the educationprocess of children with physical disabilities. The aim of this study was to identify, from the teacher?s viewpoint, the contributions and difficulties in the use of technology resources with students with cerebral palsy, focusing on those with severe motor impairment, attending regular education. The study included five teachers of these students who were using assistive technology resources in the execution of writing and/or communication assignments. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed following the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) technique. Results indicated that assistive technology resources are already included in regular schools and that they have brought contributions to the education process of children with cerebralpalsy in regular class; nevertheless, they are being implemented without systematization, monitoring and/or partnerships. The study pointed to the need to consider the opinions and requirements of the people involved inthe context where the use of technology is inserted.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Tecnologia Assistiva , Paralisia Cerebral/psicologia , Educação Inclusiva , DocentesRESUMO
Objetivo: relato de caso de um paciente correlacionando os sintomas pulmonares a parasitose intestinaltambém apresentada pelo paciente. Relato de Caso: paciente de 4 anos com quadro clínico pulmonarassociado a parasitose intestinal e eosinofilia importante. Considerações finais: a infestação parasitáriaconstitui a principal causa de Síndrome de Loeffler (pneumonia eosinofilica) e as manifestações clínicas destetipo de pneumonia são inespecíficas, sendo necessário associar anamnese detalhada aos dados clínicos elaboratoriais para o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico correto e precoce
Objective: case of a patient correlating the pulmonary symptoms the intestinal parasatism alsopresented by the patient. Case report: patient of 4 years old with pulmonary clinical associatedthe intestinal parasatism and important eosinofilia. Final considerations: the parasiticinfestation constitutes the main cause of Syndrome of Loeffler (eosinofilica pneumonia) and theclinical manifestations of this type of pneumonia is inespecíficas, being necessary to associateanamnese detailed to the clinical and laboratoriais data for the establishment of a correct andprecocious diagnosis
RESUMO
Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o desempenho de atividades funcionais de autocuidado em crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC), a partir do julgamento de cuidadores e a partir da execução de tarefas pelas crianças. Participaram três cuidadoras e suas crianças com PC espástica, nível motor III e IV, segundo o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS). As cuidadoras responderam aos itens de autocuidado do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI), aplicado sob a forma de entrevista, e as crianças foram observadas em domicílio, por um avaliador, durante a realização das tarefas do teste. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença, em dois casos, entre a pontuação obtida em entrevista com a cuidadora e a obtida da observação de criança, e que, em um caso, as avaliações forma semelhantes. Cada caso foi analisado e hipóteses foram levantadas, considerando-se as singularidades da criança, sua família e o contexto no qual está inserida. Tais achados sugerem que a análise funcional da criança com PC por meio de entrevista com cuidador e por observação direta da criança podem ser formas complementares no direcionamento de estratégias terapêuticas...
This paper aimed at identifying the performance in functional activities of self-care in children with cerebral palsy (PC), from the caregivers´point of view and from the activities developed by the children. Three caregivers and their children with spastic PC, motor levels III and IV, according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), participated in the study. The caregivers answered to the self-care items of the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) test applied as an interview, and children were observed at home, by a professional, during the tasks proposed by the test. Results showed that there were differences between the score obtained by interviewing the caregiver and observing the child in two cases, and in one case the assessments were similar. Each case was analyzed and hypotheses were brought up considering the uniqueness of each child, their family and the context in which they operate. These findings suggest that the functional analysis of children with PC through interviews with caregivers and direct observation of the child, may be complementary ways to the development of therapeutic strategies...
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Atividades Cotidianas , Cuidadores , Paralisia CerebralRESUMO
Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o desempenho de atividades funcionais de autocuidado em crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC), a partir do julgamento de cuidadores e a partir da execução de tarefas pelas crianças. Participaram três cuidadoras e suas crianças com PC espástica, nível motor III e IV, segundo o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS). As cuidadoras responderam aos itens de autocuidado do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI), aplicado sob a forma de entrevista, e as crianças foram observadas em domicílio, por um avaliador, durante a realização das tarefas do teste. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença, em dois casos, entre a pontuação obtida em entrevista com a cuidadora e a obtida da observação de criança, e que, em um caso, as avaliações forma semelhantes. Cada caso foi analisado e hipóteses foram levantadas, considerando-se as singularidades da criança, sua família e o contexto no qual está inserida. Tais achados sugerem que a análise funcional da criança com PC por meio de entrevista com cuidador e por observação direta da criança podem ser formas complementares no direcionamento de estratégias terapêuticas...(AU)
This paper aimed at identifying the performance in functional activities of self-care in children with cerebral palsy (PC), from the caregivers´point of view and from the activities developed by the children. Three caregivers and their children with spastic PC, motor levels III and IV, according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), participated in the study. The caregivers answered to the self-care items of the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) test applied as an interview, and children were observed at home, by a professional, during the tasks proposed by the test. Results showed that there were differences between the score obtained by interviewing the caregiver and observing the child in two cases, and in one case the assessments were similar. Each case was analyzed and hypotheses were brought up considering the uniqueness of each child, their family and the context in which they operate. These findings suggest that the functional analysis of children with PC through interviews with caregivers and direct observation of the child, may be complementary ways to the development of therapeutic strategies...(AU)