RESUMO
Total mercury (Hg) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in muscles and liver of composite samples of Mugil cephalus and M. curema collected during November 2013 and in January, April, and July 2014 from the coastal lagoons Altata-Ensenada del Pabellón (AEP), Ceuta (CEU), and Teacapán-Agua Brava (TAG) of Sinaloa State. The mean Hg contents and information on local consumption were used to assess the possible risk caused by fish ingestion. Mean total mercury levels in the muscles ranged from 0.11 to 0.39 µg/g, while the range for liver was 0.12-3.91 µg/g. The mean Hg content of the liver was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of the muscles only in samples collected from AEP. Although total Hg levels in the muscles were lower than the official permissible limit, the HQ values for methyl mercury calculated for the younger age classes of one fishing community were >1, indicating a possible risk for some fishing communities of the Mexican Pacific coast.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Mercúrio/metabolismo , Smegmamorpha/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Animais , Peixes , Humanos , Fígado/química , Mercúrio/análise , Compostos de Metilmercúrio , México , Músculos/química , Medição de Risco , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
The complementarity of historical and contemporary processes contributes to understanding the genetic structure of continuously distributed marine species with high dispersal capabilities. Cephalorhynchus eutropia, has a continuous coastal distribution with strong genetic differentiation identified by nuclear DNA markers. We explored the historical dimension of this genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations to evaluate phylogeographic structure. Additionally, we conducted mtDNA and microsatellite analyses to detect past and recent demographic changes. The southern population was characterized by lower genetic diversity with a signal of population expansion, likely associated with ice retreat and habitat extension after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In contrast, structure within the northern population was more consistent with stable historical population size. Approximate Bayesian Computation analyses suggested that during the LGM, C. eutropia persisted in the northern area; while the south was colonized by dispersal ~11,000 years ago followed by population expansion. This study shows that Chilean dolphin population structure is consistent with predictions from the Expansion-Contraction biogeographic model, with a poleward post-glacial shift revealed in current genetic structure. The results also confirm the validity of the population units previously identified, demonstrating their historical origin and highlighting the utility of integrating genetic markers with different temporal scale resolutions.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Golfinhos/genética , Ecossistema , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Modelos Biológicos , Animais , Chile , Evolução Molecular , Especiação Genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Periodicidade , Filogenia , FilogeografiaRESUMO
Após a obrigatoriedade da educação sexual (ES) nas escolas portuguesas em 2009, pretendemos conhecer que perspectiva têm os professores (N = 307) sobre a ES. Através de um questionário on-line, analisado através de estatística descritiva e de análise factorial e inferencial, avaliámos as atitudes gerais sobre a ES, o conhecimento, o conforto e a disponibilidade para a ensinar, a importância atribuída a diversos tópicos de ES e o nível de escolaridade em que devem ser introduzidos. Os professores revelaram atitudes ainda mais positivas do que em estudos anteriores. Consideraram ter um conhecimento, um conforto e uma disponibilidade moderados, realidade que se mantém inalterada na última década. Ao contrário de estudos anteriores, o início da ES foi proposto mais precocemente, entre o pré-escolar e o 5º ano.1 A perspectiva de ES defendida revela um modelo médico-preventivo, valorizando-se mais a saúde sexual e menos o comportamento sexual e as questões de género. A percepção de formação considerada suficiente, a erotofilia e pontualmente o sexo feminino destacam-se na adopção de uma perspectiva abrangente de ES. A análise de resultados foi, sempre que possível, comparada com resultados de estudos similares realizados no Brasil.
In the context of the widespread implementation of sexuality education (SE) in Portuguese schools, after becoming mandatory in 2009, we aim to understand Portuguese teachers' perspective on SE (N = 307). Through an on-line questionnaire, analysed by descriptive statistics and factorial and inferential analysis, we measured general attitudes on SE, knowledge, comfort and willingness to teach it, the importance assigned to several topics of SE and the grade level at which they should be introduced. Teachers have more positive attitudes than in former studies, and moderate knowledge, comfort and willingness, a fact that has remained unchanged over the last decade. Unlike former studies, the introduction of SE is proposed early, between K and 5th grade. Teachers defend a preventive-medical model, emphasizing sexual health more and stressing sexual behavior and gender issues less. The perception of good training, erotophilia and anecdotally being a female are determinant in the adoption of a comprehensive SE. The analysis was, whenever possible, compared with results from similar studies in Brazil.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to characterize the immune response of Babesia bigemina-infected cows during the second trimester of pregnancy. Twelve animals were divided into four groups (I, II, III, IV); groups I and II were pregnant cows, groups III and IV were non-pregnant cows. Groups I and III were infected with a virulent strain of Babesia bigemina, the doses utilized was 1 x 10(7) infected red blood cells IM. Groups II and IV were noninfected control groups. All the infected animals were severely affected; at days 5-7 post-inoculation (DPI) they showed clinical signs: fever (40-41.5 degrees C), packed cell volume reduction, and parasitemia, and specific treatment was required. The immune response was monitored daily from 0-11 DPI. As shown by flow cytometry analysis, in infected animals the distribution in peripheral blood of the T-cells subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, gammadelta T-cells) was not affected when compared to the control groups. By ELISA, IFN-gamma production showed a trend to increase in plasma between 6-10 DPI; noninfected cows showed the lowest optical density values. By RT-PCR, a Th1 predominant response was observed, TNFalpha, INF-gamma and iNOs were detected. In contrast IL-4 and IL-10 were weak or undetected. The results of this trial will be discussed.
Assuntos
Babesia/imunologia , Babesia/patogenicidade , Babesiose/imunologia , Babesiose/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Bovinos , Citocinas/análise , Citocinas/biossíntese , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Inflamação , Interferon gama/análise , Gravidez , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis and is transmitted by the tick vector Boophilus microplus. In this study, we investigate B. bigemina infection regarding the clinical infection, T cell distribution, and cytokine profile during the acute phase of an experimental infection in pregnant cows.
Assuntos
Babesia/imunologia , Babesia/patogenicidade , Babesiose/imunologia , Babesiose/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Bovinos , Citocinas/análise , Feminino , Gravidez , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/imunologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterináriaRESUMO
Tree tomato (Cyphomandra betaceae Sendth) is a species from high tropical regions. In Venezuela, it is cultivate at the Andean and Aragua state but its consumption is restricted as fruit-fresh, though it a nutritious and industrial potential due its provitamin A content. In this research four nectars were elaborated in proportion I L pulp/4 L of water (1:4) and addition of ascorbic acid (I: 0 per cent; II: 0.5 per cent; III: 1.0 y IV: 1.5 per cent). The nectars were pasteurized (60 degrees C for 30 min), tuned into amber bottle, and stored under refrigeration conditions (7.0 +/- 1.0 degrees C). Weekly during 21 days the mesophilic bacteria, molds, yeasts, total coliforms (MPN/mL), pH, degree Brix, acidity, total carotenoids, vitamin C and total sugars were evaluated. The mesophilic bacteria content was < 200 UFC/mL for every formulation on the first day the evaluation, molds and yeasts were < 10 UFC/mL and the total coliforms (NPN/mL) < 3 until the third evaluation. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were founded on: pH. degree Brix and total sugars. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were founded in vitamin C and total carotenoids content. Sensorial analysis did not show significant differences between formulations for the smell and flavor attributes, when the color was discriminate during the evaluations. The formulation I (without acid ascorbic) had more preference due its color. In conclusion, the nectars showed useful life of 14-21 days under refrigeration condition storage due to the adequate physicochemical and microbiological quality of the product.
Assuntos
Bebidas , Solanum lycopersicum , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , Bebidas/análise , Bebidas/microbiologia , Físico-Química , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologiaRESUMO
Se analiza el total de nueve embarazos en pacientes hemodializadas ocurridos desde 1990 hasta septiembre del año 2001. Se hace referencia especialmente a las seis gestaciones con feto vivo. De un total de 9 embarazos hubo 3 abortos, lo que equivale a un 33 por ciento, y 6 casos con feto vivo, 66 por ciento. El tiempo de diálisis fluctuó entre los 12 y 78 meses, con un promedio de 46. La edad gestacional al término osciló entre las 30 y las 37 semanas, y todas las gestaciones fueron de pretérmino. En el 66 por ciento (4) de las pacientes el parto se resolvió por cesárea. Hubo 5 RN con RCIU, 83,3 por ciento. El peso de los RN fluctuó entre los 1100 y los 2800 gramos con un promedio de 1948 gramos. En 5 pacientes hubo presencia de polihidroamnios. No hubo malformaciones congénicas de los RN ni mortalidad materna
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Complicações na Gravidez , Insuficiência Renal , Anti-Hipertensivos , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Poli-Hidrâmnios , Complicações na Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Insuficiência RenalRESUMO
Competitive PCR is a highly sensitive method for specific DNA quantification. Despite the lack of studies related to the accuracy of the method it has been widely used. Here we present a simulation model for competitive PCR, which takes into account the efficiency decay as a linear relationship of the total product yield. The model helped us to study the kind and magnitude of errors that arise from quantitative and semiquantitative competitive PCR protocols and to find ways to minimize them. The simulation data suggest that differences in amplification efficiency between target and standard templates induce stronger biases in quantitative than in semiquantitative competitive PCR. Quantitative competitive PCR can only be used when both efficiencies are equal. In contrast, semiquantitative competitive PCR can be used even when the target is amplified with a higher efficiency than the standard, since under such conditions the method tends to underestimate the differences in initial DNA content. These predictions have been confirmed with experimental data and show that the estimation of the amplification efficiencies is a prerequisite for the use of quantitative and semiquantitative competitive PCR. A simple method for this estimation is also presented.
Assuntos
DNA/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Microglobulina beta-2/genética , Animais , Primers do DNA/química , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Ratos , Padrões de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Microglobulina beta-2/metabolismoRESUMO
Presentamos un caso de bloqueo A-V completo fetal, menejado en forma expectante en una embarazada con títulos positivos a anticuerpos anti SSA/Ro. La madre no presentaba evidencias de enfermedades autoinmune como Síndrome de Sjogren ni Lupus eritematoso sistémico. El recién nacido requirió instalación de marcapasos
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Bloqueio Cardíaco/embriologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Bloqueio Cardíaco/terapia , Bloqueio Cardíaco , Marca-Passo Artificial , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/terapiaRESUMO
Schistosoma mansoni partially develops its life cycle into snails of the Family Planorbid. Biomphalaria glabrata represents an important host-intermediate. This paper reports experimental infection with miracidia vs. snail in sympatric and parapatric combination. The infection assay to sympatric combination were: BH snail (Belo Horizonte, Brasil) vs. a common geographic origin parasite, and Barbula, Carabobo State, Venezuela vs. SM Venezuela parasitic. The parapatric combination were: BH snail vs. SM; Barbula vs. BH; Caripe Monagas State, Venezuela vs. SM and Caripe vs. SM. During the study period was observed not miracid penetration. The infection percentage ranged from 88.89% in Barbula vs. SM combination to 0.00% in the Caripe vs. BH and BH vs. SM combination. We concluded which different existence of susceptibility from evaluated combination.
Assuntos
Biomphalaria/parasitologia , Schistosoma mansoni/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Camundongos , VenezuelaRESUMO
The case of a 9 year-old male patient with linear scleroderma and melorheostosis of the iliac bone is described. Radiological findings suggestive of osteopoikilosis were found in carpal and tarsal bones. A review of the literature on this unusual disease association is made.
Assuntos
Melorreostose/complicações , Esclerodermia Localizada/complicações , Biópsia , Criança , Seguimentos , Humanos , Ílio/diagnóstico por imagem , Ílio/patologia , Masculino , Melorreostose/diagnóstico por imagem , Melorreostose/patologia , Osteopecilose/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico por imagem , Esclerodermia Localizada/patologiaRESUMO
The objective of the study was to search for clinical, ophthalmological and serological manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome in patients with adult onset Still's Disease (AOSD). Eight consecutive patients with AOSD were evaluated. In all cases a standardized questionnaire to disclose sicca symptoms as well as extraglandular manifestations commonly associated with Sjögren's syndrome(SS) was conducted. Ophthalmological and serological evaluation was undertaken in all patients. Oral involvement was investigated by minor salivary gland biopsy in 7 patients. One case presented symptomatic keratoconjunctivitis sicca and grade III Chisholm labial biopsy. A further 2 patients had grade IV (4 foci per 4 mm2) salivary gland biopsy, in the absence of xerostomia or xerophthalmia. The search for autoantibodies proved negative throughout. It was concluded that focal sialoadenitis was not uncommon in our patients with AOSD. Whether this finding corresponds to a true SS is not yet clearly determined.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Sjogren/complicações , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/complicações , Adulto , Anticorpos Antinucleares/metabolismo , Biópsia , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Ceratoconjuntivite Seca/complicações , Ceratoconjuntivite Seca/diagnóstico , Ceratoconjuntivite Seca/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator Reumatoide/metabolismo , Glândulas Salivares Menores/patologia , Testes Sorológicos , Sialadenite/complicações , Sialadenite/diagnóstico , Sialadenite/metabolismo , Síndrome de Sjogren/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sjogren/metabolismo , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/diagnóstico , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/metabolismo , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Although myalgias occur often in adult onset Still's disease (AOSD), inflammatory myositis is rare. We describe a 41-year-old female with AOSD, who had clinical, enzymatic, electromyographic and pathological evidence of myositis, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for polymyositis. To our knowledge, this exceptional association has only once been reported before.
Assuntos
Polimiosite/patologia , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Polimiosite/tratamento farmacológico , Polimiosite/etiologia , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Fifteen patients with adult onset Still's disease are described, all diagnosed according to recognized criteria. Mean delay in reaching a firm diagnosis was 16 months. Besides the typical clinical picture, there was a high frequency of pruriginous rash, one instance of overlapping polymyositis and recurrent systemic manifestations in most cases. Chronic polyarticular involvement predominated, with radiological progression particularly in wrist, proximal interphalangeal and hip joints. However, functional prognosis at the end of a mean 4.8-year course was satisfactory, as also the response to treatment mainly with steroid drugs and, on occasion, with remitting agents to alleviate arthritis.
Assuntos
Doença de Still de Início Tardio/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Artrografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimiosite/complicações , Prognóstico , Prurigo/complicações , Recidiva , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/complicações , Doença de Still de Início Tardio/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Longterm results of soft tissue release for hip and knee flexion deformity in 27 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) were evaluated. A total of 53 tenotomies were reviewed: 22 hips and 31 knees. Mean age at surgery was 12.1 years, with a mean underlying disease duration of 6.3 years and a postoperative followup of 5 years. Patients were evaluated at 3-6 months, then at one, 3 and 5 years. Results showed a marked drop in flexion contracture and an improvement in joint range up to the first 3 years postsurgery, but beyond this period benefits achieved were gradually partially lost. Only 37% of patients were able to walk before surgery. At one year followup, 81% were able to do so. Soft tissue release thus seems a beneficial therapeutic alternative to preserve both alignment and function in hip and knee flexion deformity affecting patients with JCA.