RESUMO

AIMS: This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of different types of physical exercise [endurance training, endurance/resistance training, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)] on exercise capacity and cardiac function parameters in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify experimental studies addressing the effect of different physical exercise training programmes on exercise capacity and cardiac function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Comparative evaluation of the effect of exercise training type was performed by conducting a standard pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis for direct and indirect comparisons between exercise training types and controls/non-interventions. Eleven studies were included in the analysis showing that endurance training improves the main exercise capacity parameters (VO2peak, workload, exercise time, peak heart rate, VO2, and 6 min walk distance). Additionally, endurance/resistance training showed a significant effect on VO2peak, workload, early mitral annulus velocity, and early mitral/mitral annulus velocity ratio. Finally, HIIT showed a significant effect on VO2peak, VO2, and the early mitral/mitral annulus velocity ratio. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the effect of three different types of physical exercise on exercise capacity, mainly VO2peak. Additionally, endurance/resistance training and HIIT could reverse left ventricular remodelling in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42021276111.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this protocol is to provide a new systematic review with meta-analysis using the current methodology to compare the effectiveness of multicomponent treatment versus other interventions for patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: This protocol conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. An electronic search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, CINAHL, and PEDro, from inception until April 2022. There will be no language restrictions. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias (RoB2) will be used. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) scale will be used to evaluate the strength of the evidence. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects or Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects methods will be used, depending on the heterogeneity, to compute a pooled estimate of the mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and respective 95% confidence intervals for clinical outcomes. DISCUSSION: This systematic review will synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of multicomponent treatment in patients with fibromyalgia and could add important evidence in the treatment of FM to improve clinical practice and decision-making/actions in this field. This new systematic review will try to show the effects of multicomponent treatment by type (endurance, resistance, stretching, or mind-body exercises [pilates or taichi]) and intensity (light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous, vigorous) of exercise in patients with FM. The results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Ethics approval will not be needed because the data used for this systematic review will be obtained from individual trials and there will be no concerns about privacy. However, if we identify ethical issues during the development of the systematic review, these findings will be reported in the discussion of the study. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020142082.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) with or without co-interventions for clinical outcomes in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. DATA SOURCES: Eight databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched from inception until March 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Clinical trials that determine the effectiveness of KT with or without co-interventions for clinical outcomes in patients with SIS who are older than 18 years of age. RESULTS: Ten trials for the quantitative analysis were included. For pain intensity at 1-3 weeks, the overall pooled MD was -0.73 cm, 95% CI = -1.50 to 0.04 (p = 0.06), and at 3-6 weeks, it was -0.13 cm, 95% CI = -1.37 to 0.36 (p = 0.25). For shoulder function, the MD was -0.02, 95%CI = -0.30 to 0.26 (p = 0.89). For shoulder Range of Motion (ROM) flexion, the MD was -16.70, 95% CI = -0.52 to 33.92 (p = 0.06). Additionally, there was a low to moderate quality of evidence according to the GRADE rating. CONCLUSION: Kinesiotaping with or without co-interventions was not superior to other interventions for improving shoulder pain intensity, function and ROM flexion in patients with SIS.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Increasingly, health professionals and patients have begun to be involved in eHealth interventions to assist in the self-management of hypertension. Therefore, this study was aimed at comparing the effect of different types of eHealth interventions (phone calls, blood pressure telemonitoring, emails, web-site, smartphone-app, short message service (SMS) and more than two eHealth interventions) on reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increasing adherence to medication treatment, improving physical activity compliance, controlling blood pressure, and improving quality of life (QoL). METHODS: A systematic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify experimental studies addressing the effect of eHealth interventions on the self-management of hypertension. Comparative evaluation of the eHealth interventions effect were performed by conducting a standard pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis for direct and indirect comparisons between eHealth interventions and control/non-intervention. RESULTS: Fifty-one studies were included in the analysis showing a moderate effect size for more than two types of eHealth interventions (-0.46; 95%CI: -0.64, -0.27, p < 0.001 and -0.29; 95%CI: -0.46, -0.13, p < 0.001), phone calls (-0.37; 95%CI: -0.57, -0.17, p < 0.001 and -0.29; 95%CI: -0.52, -0.07, p = 0.011) and smartphone-app (-0.26; 95%CI: -0.50, -0.01, p = 0.040 and -0.40; 95%CI: -0.70, -0.10, p = 0.010) on reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Additionally, i) smartphone-app improved medication adherence by 45%; ii) more than two types of eHealth interventions and emails improved physical activity compliance by 18% and 57% respectively; ii) more than two types of eHealth interventions, phone calls, blood pressure telemonitoring, website and SMS improved blood pressure control between 16% and 30%; and iv) blood pressure telemonitoring showed a week effect on QoL CONCLUSIONS: Our study reported eHealth to be a suitable intervention for the self-management of hypertension. Considering our results and the population's accessibility to eHealth devices, eHealth could be a useful and largely scalable tool for the self-management of hypertension. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020187468.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze: (1) the differences in the pre-post change in functional outcomes after a physical therapy program by the type of massive and irreparable rotator cuff tear (MIRCT) controlling for potential confounders, and (2) the influence of lifestyle behaviors and demographic and tear tendon characteristics on function in patients over 60 years of age with conservatively treated MIRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this pre-post intervention study, 92 patients were prospectively recruited at the Clinical Hospital San Borja Arriaran, with atraumatic MIRCT, between 60 and 75 years of age (mean: 67.9 ± 4.5 years), and the mean of length of symptoms was 16.5 months (±5.7 months). Patients received a physical therapy program consisting of manual therapy and a specific exercise program of 2 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The imaging findings were performed by 2 medical radiologists who classified the rotator cuff tear according to the criteria proposed by Collins. Shoulder function, upper limb function, and pain intensity were assessed with the Constant-Murley; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; and visual analog scale (VAS), respectively. Analysis of covariance models were estimated to assess differences in MIRCT categories between functional outcomes. Multiple regression model analysis was used for the association between the change in functional outcomes and lifestyle behaviors, and demographic and tear tendon characteristics. RESULTS: The results showed no pre-post change in functional outcomes by type of MIRCT in all models (P > .05). There is an association between length of symptoms (P = .000), and the baseline values of the 3 functional measures (P = .000) are associated with changes in Constant-Murley; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; and VAS. In addition, changes in VAS are associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = .000), and changes in Constant-Murley are associated with gender (P = .023), BMI (P = .000), and tobacco consumption (P = .000). CONCLUSION: There is no difference in functional outcomes by type of MIRCT after a physical therapy program controlling for potential confounders. In addition, there is an association of length of symptoms with all functional outcomes, an association of BMI with VAS and Constant-Murley questionnaire, and an association between tobacco consumption and Constant-Murley questionnaire. Our results could influence the orthopedic surgeon's decisions; thus, not predicting the functional outcome through imaging findings could lead clinicians to reconsider the need for surgery in the treatment algorithm in patients over 60 years with MIRCT. In addition, demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors might be considered within the patient's evaluation and follow-up to decide on surgical interventions and evaluate the clinical course of the disease. Further studies measuring additional variables and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fat but fit conceptual model, testing whether this paradigm for body mass index (BMI) and maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) exists in schoolchildren and whether executive functions mediate the relationship between fat but fit categories and academic achievement. STUDY DESIGN: Cluster cross-sectional analyses of data from 554 children aged 9-11 from Cuenca, Spain. BMI, VO2max, core executive functions (inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) and academic achievement (language and mathematics). RESULTS: Cluster analysis of BMI and VO2max z-scores resulted in a 4-cluster solution that could be interpreted according to fat unfit, unfat unfit, fat fit, and unfat fit categories. ANCOVA models confirmed an increasing trend by cluster category in terms of VO2max levels and, conversely, a decreasing trend in terms of adiposity variables. These models also confirmed that children in the fat fit and unfat fit categories scored higher than their peers in the fat unfit and unfat unfit categories. Mediation analyses using fat but fit clusters as multicategory independent variable, executive functions as mediators, and academic achievement as outcome variable showed that the positive association between the BMI-VO2max clusters and academic achievement was mediated by inhibition levels in fat fit and unfat fit individuals, by working memory levels only in those classified as fat fit, and by cognitive flexibility only in unfat fit individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the validity of the 4-cluster conceptual model regarding BMI and VO2max and reinforces the predictive validity, proving that fitness levels are able to counteract the detrimental effect of obesity on academic achievement.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effect of physical activity only with that of physical activity plus diet interventions on body mass index (BMI) in Latin American children and adolescents. We searched the Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases from their inception until March 2020, including studies examining the effect of physical activity or physical activity plus diet interventions on BMI in children and adolescents and based on data from intervention studies. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute a pooled standardized mean difference for BMI in terms of effect size (ES) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Eighteen studies were included. Analyses were performed based on intervention (four studies were included for physical activity only and four studies were included for physical activity plus diet). In the analysis of physical activity only versus control, there was no effect on BMI (ES = 0.00; 95% CI -0.17-0.17, I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.443). In the analysis of physical activity plus diet versus control, there was a decrease in BMI in favour of the intervention group (ES = -0.28; 95% CI -0.42--0.14, I2 = 74.5%; p = 0.001). When ES was estimated considering only the effect in intervention groups, there was no evidence of a decrease in BMI (ES = -0.17; 95% CI -0.44-0.11, I2 = 84.5%; p < 0.001) for physical activity only (eight studies). However, there was a statistically significant decrease in BMI (ES = -0.30; 95% CI -0.50-0.11, I2 = 95.8%; p < 0.001) for physical activity plus diet (ten studies). Some limitations of this review could compromise our results, but the main limitation that should be stated is the quality of the studies (mainly medium/moderate), especially as physical activity and diet interventions cannot be blinded, compromising the quality of these studies. In summary, this meta-analysis offers evidence that physical activity plus diet interventions produced a reduction in BMI in Latin American children and adolescents, but physical activity only interventions did not.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the short-term effect of graded motor imagery (GMI) on the affective components of pain and range of motion in subjects with chronic shoulder pain syndrome. DESIGN: Open-label single-arm prospective study. SETTING: The Physical Therapy Laboratory, Universidad de las Americas. SUBJECTS: One hundred seven patients with chronic shoulder pain syndrome. METHODS: The subjects received a six-week GMI program based on laterality training, imagined movements, and mirror therapy. We assessed pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS), fear of movement was assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and catastrophizing was assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The patient's flexion active range of motion (AROM) was also recorded. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, the VAS showed a decrease of 4.2 cm (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 3.3), TSK showed a decrease of 17.0 points (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.8), catastrophizing showed a decrease of 19.2 points (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 3.2), and shoulder flexion AROM showed an increment of 30.3º (P < 0.000, Cohen's d = 1.6). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a short-term GMI program improves the affective components of pain and shoulder flexion AROM in patients with chronic shoulder pain syndrome.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In childhood, fitness level is considered an important indicator of health, while gross motor skills are the basis of future motor competence. So far, no reference values have been found for the Chilean population. Therefore, this study aims to provide fitness level and gross motor skill reference values by gender and age of Chilean children aged 4‒6 years. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted that included 728 children between 4 and 6 years old from the La Araucanía region of Chile. To assess the fitness level, the 20-m shuttle run test, standing long jump, handgrip dynamometry, 4x10m shuttle run, and Sit and Reach tests were used. Gross motor skills were assessed by five tests including aiming and catching and balance motor tasks. For fitness level, boys have better values in the long jump and dynamometry test, while girls have better values in flexibility. For estimated maximum volume of oxygen, at 5 years old there are significant differences in favour of boys, while at 6 years old in favour of girls. No statistically significant differences in speed/agility by gender were found. For gross motor skills, boys obtain higher values for catching and aiming tests, and girls for balance. The reference values for fitness level and gross motor skills shown in this study could aid physical education and health professionals in identifying children with low reference values, as well as in establishing objectives that will help to improve their health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether supervised physiotherapy is more effective for functional improvement and pain relief than a home exercise program in subjects with subacromial impingement syndrome. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. METHODS: An electronic search was performed in Medline, Central, Embase, PEDro, Lilacs, Cinahl, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies included randomized clinical trials that compared supervised physiotherapy versus home exercise program, in the shoulder function, pain, and range of motion in subjects older than 18 years of age with a medical diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome treated conservatively. RESULTS: Seven clinical trials met the eligibility criteria, and for the quantitative synthesis, four studies were included. The standardized mean difference for shoulder function was -0.14 points (95% CI: -1.04 to 0.76; p = 0.760), mean difference 0.21 cm (95% CI: -1.36 to 1.78; p = 0.790) for pain, and mean difference 0.62° (95% CI: -7.15 to 8.38; p = 0.880) for range of motion of flexion. CONCLUSION: Supervised physical therapy and home-based progressive shoulder strengthening and stretching exercises for the rotator cuff and scapular muscles are equally effective in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome treated conservatively. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018086348.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence regarding the association between interpregnancy weight change and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched from the databases' interception until April 2019. Search strategy included the terms: "interpregnancy," "intergestational," "hypertension" and "hypertensive disorders." METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Studies that assessed the relationship between interpregnancy weight change and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were included. Twelve studies and 415,605 women were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We used Mendeley reference manager during the review process. Odds ratios (ORs) for the most adjusted models reported by the included articles and the corresponding 95% CIs were calculated. The no weight change category defined by each study was used as the reference category. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Overall, there was an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy associated with interpregnancy weight gain (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.21-1.53; I=62.1%; P<.001). Additionally, interpregnancy weight loss was associated with lower risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.75-0.99; I=54.9%; P=.01), Finally, meta-regression showed that interpregnancy weight gain was associated with a graded increase in the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that interpregnancy weight gain is associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42018103002.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In Latin America, the number of children and adolescents who are overweight or obese has significantly increased in recent decades, and this situation has become a major public health concern. To address this problem, several intervention programmes, based on factors such as physical activity and nutrition, have been implemented, and body mass index (BMI) has been widely used as a means of measuring the impact of such interventions. Although some Latin America-based systematic reviews have been performed, there have been no previous meta-analyses of findings regarding the effect of physical activity interventions on BMI. Thus, the objective of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be to provide an up-to-date synthesis of the effects of physical activity interventions on BMI of Latin American children and adolescents aged 4-18 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols statement. The literature search will involve MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scielo for articles published up to July 2019. This search will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised experimental studies and single-arm pre-post studies. Further, the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for RCT studies and the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies for non-randomised experimental and single-arm pre-post studies will be used to assess the risk of bias among the studies included in the systematic review. For the meta-analysis, the statistical program STATA V.14 will be used, and standardised mean differences are calculated as the primary outcomes. Subgroup analyses will then be performed based on the characteristics of the interventions and populations included in the studies examined. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review protocol is designed to provide updated evidence regarding the effects of physical activity interventions on the Latin American population; such evidence may be useful for institutions responsible for the development of public health policies and for those tasked with implementing such interventions among children and adolescents in Latin America. The results should be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Since the data used in systematic reviews of this type will be extracted exclusively from published studies, approval from an ethics committee will not be required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019077702.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence regarding the differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) between children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared with their healthy peers, based on data from longitudinal studies. STUDY DESIGN: We searched MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Library, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and Embase databases. Observational studies addressing the change of aBMD in children with CF and healthy children and adolescents were eligible. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates of effect sizes (ES) and 95% CIs for the change of whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), and femoral neck (FN) aBMD. RESULTS: Six studies with participants with CF and 26 studies with healthy participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. For the analysis in children with CF, the pooled ES for the change of WB aBMD was 0.29 (95% CI -0.15 to 0.74), for the change of LS aBMD was 0.13 (95% CI -0.16 to 0.41), and for the change of FN aBMD was 0.09 (95% CI -0.39 to 0.57). For the analysis in healthy children, the pooled ES for the change of WB aBMD was 0.37 (95% CI 0.26-0.49), for the change of LS aBMD was 0.13 (95% CI -0.16 to 0.41), and for the change of FN aBMD was 0.52 (95% CI 0.19-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: aBMD development might not differ between children and adolescents with CF receiving medical care compared with their healthy peers. Further longitudinal studies in a CF population during growth and development are required to confirm our findings.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adaptive shortening of the pectoralis minor is one of the biomechanical mechanisms associated with subacromial pain syndrome (SPS). OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of an exercise program alone with an exercise program in combination with pectoralis minor stretching in participants with SPS. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Eighty adult participants with SPS were randomly allocated to two groups. The control group (n = 40) received a 12-week specific exercise program and the intervention group (n = 40) received the same program plus stretching exercises of the pectoralis minor muscle. The primary outcome measure was shoulder function assessed by a Constant-Murley questionnaire, and the secondary outcomes were the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, visual analog scale (VAS), and pectoralis minor resting length. RESULTS: The present study shows no difference between the two interventions according to the Constant-Murley questionnaire (1.5 points; p = 0.58), VAS at rest (0.2 cm; p = 0.11), VAS at movement (0.5 cm; p = 0.08), and pectoralis minor resting length (0.3 cm; p = 0.06). The DASH questionnaire showed greater functional improvement in the control group (5.4 points; p = 0.02). Finally, only pectoralis minor length index showed difference statistical significant in favor of intervention group (0.3%; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In the short-term, the addition of a program of stretching exercises of the pectoralis minor does not provide significant clinical benefit with respect to functional improvement or pain reduction in participants with SPS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian registry of clinical trials UTN number U1111-1210-3555. Registered 5 March 2018.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a scapular exercise programme in addition to a physical therapy treatment in patients with distal radius fracture. DESIGN: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted. SETTING: Clinical Hospital San Borja Arriaran, Santiago, Chile. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 102 patients above 60 years of age with extra-articular distal radius fracture were randomly divided into two groups. INTERVENTIONS: The control group (n = 51) received a six-week physical therapy treatment; the intervention group (n = 51) received the same treatment plus a scapular exercise programme. OUTCOME MEASURES: The two groups were assessed at baseline and after the six-week treatment. The arm function was assessed with the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire; secondary outcomes were measured by the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: A total of 102 patients, 51 in the control group (40 women; mean age of 65.3 ± 4.8 years) and 51 in the intervention group (42 women; mean age of 67.2 ± 5.4 years), were analysed. At the end of the treatment, the difference between groups for the DASH was 16.7 points (P < 0.001), 1.5 points (P = 0.541) for the PRWE, 0.2 cm (P = 0.484) for the VAS at rest, and 1.7 cm (P < 0.001) for the VAS at movement. All differences were in favour of the intervention group. CONCLUSION: In the short term, adding a scapular exercise programme provides a significant clinical benefit in arm function and pain relief with movement in patients above 60 years of age with extra-articular distal radius fracture treated conservatively.

Assuntos