RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine in multivariate analysis the clinical, social, and demographic factors for preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was designed. Three hundred patients were included, divided in two groups. 150 cases with criteria diagnosis for preeclampsia. 150 patients with normal pregnancy and deliveries. The main variables analyzed were age, schooling, marital status, employment, socioeconomic status, smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index, familiar history of preeclampsia, history of preeclampsia in previous pregnancy, parity and type of pregnancy (single or multiple). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: For comparison of cases and controls on categorical variables, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that history of preeclampsia in previous pregnancy has OR 23.7, 95% p < 0.001, familiar history of preeclampsia OR 1.62, p < 0.08, high body mass has OR 1.60. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of the most important risk factors in our population could be useful for the clinical to pre-detect the patient who will develop preeclampsia.
Assuntos
Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Eclampsia is the most important cause of maternal mortality in our hospital. The main purpose of the present study was to define the main clinical, social and demographic profiles of the pregnant women at risk of fatality due to eclampsia. Of a total 71 maternal deaths that took place our hospital from January 1991 to December 1995, 37 cases were due to eclampsia, and they are the subject of the present analysis. RESULTS: The fatalities due to eclampsia represented 52.1% of the total mortality. The average age of these women were 26 years, 46% were primigravid and 20% were chronically hypertensive. Eclampsia was diagnosed at an average of 33 weeks gestation. The most important clinical signs were: severe headache, vomiting and convulsions. Systolic blood pressure on admission was 160 mm Hg with an average of 110 mm Hg for the diastolic figure. Proteinuria greater that 3 g/L was present in 45% of the cases. Signs of hemolysis, a platelet count below 100,000 mm3 and liver involvement with increased levels of amino-transferases. CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant women likely to die from eclampsia seems to be relatively older, multipara, with underlying chronic hypertension, with early onset of the clinical picture, and with multisystemic manifestations of the disease, mainly in the hematologic, hepatic and neurologic territories.