RESUMO

Os ditiocarbamatos (EBDCs) são substâncias organosulfuradas empregadas na agricultura com ação fungicida. O risco toxicológico destas deve-se a seus dois maiores produtos de degradação: a etileno tiouréia (ETU) e a propilenotiouréia (PTU), suspeitos de serem bociogênicos, carcinogênicos e mutagênicos em ratos. No Brasil, existem registrados seis diferentes tipos de substâncias cujos princípios ativos são da classe química dos ditiocarbamatos, indicados para quarenta e um diferentes tipos de cultura. O uso é intenso, conforme reportado pelo programa gerenciado pela ANVISA, o PARA Programa Nacional de Análise de Resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos, que tem o objetivo de monitorar dados para atualização do risco de ingestão diária. A metodologia utilizada para o monitoramento dessas substâncias baseia-se na detecção fotométrica do dissulfeto de carbono (CS2), liberado na hidrólise ácida dos EBDCs contidos nos alimentos. O complexo cúprico amarelo formado é determinado espectrofotometricamente. Apesar da legislação especificar diferentes produtos ditiocarbamatos para diferentes culturas, contempla o seu limite máximo residual em CS2 para todos, não distinguindo as diferentes substâncias utilizadas.(...) Este trabalho mostra os resultados desta cultura de amostras comercializadas no Rio de Janeiro, provenientes dos estados do Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais e Bahia.(AU)

Dithiocarbamates, ethylene bisdithiocarbamates - EBDCs, are a class of fungicides extensively used in agriculture for protection of various crops. The toxicological significance of these compounds residues in food is related to the metabolite or its degradation product, ethylenethiourea - ETU and propylenethiourea - PTU, known to be gointerogenic, carcinogenic and teratotogenic in laboratory animals. There are six dithiocarbamates compounds indicated for forty-one different crops regulated in Brazil. Their use are intense as reported by National Program of Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food (PARA) from National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) that has the objective of check the risk assessment from chronic dietary exposure. The methodology most commonly used by monitoring these compound in food relies on the detection of CS2 generated after acid digestion of any dithiocarbamates present in the crop using spectrophotometry for detection of the yellow cupric complex formed. TheBrazilian Legislation has registered different dithiocarbamates for different crops but does not identify the origin of the CS2 detected so, in this manner, the maximum residue limits (MRL) are indicated as CS2. For papaya crop mancozed is permitted with MRL of 3,0 mg/kg as CS2. In this paper, we have showed preliminary results of evaluation of papaya from Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia states that were bought in Rio de Janeiro city. Dithiocarbamates residues were detected, as CS2, in 70 % of samples under MRL permitted. The preliminaryresults gave evidence of the necessity of monitoring in other crops are needed to improve assessment the public health risk from crops treated with dithiocarbamates. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Os ditiocarbamatos (EBDCs) são substâncias organosulfuradas empregadas na agricultura com ação fungicida. O risco toxicológico destas deve-se a seus dois maiores produtos de degradação: a etileno tiouréia (ETU) e a propilenotiouréia (PTU), suspeitos de serem bociogênicos, carcinogênicos e mutagênicos em ratos. No Brasil, existem registrados seis diferentes tipos de substâncias cujos princípios ativos são da classe química dos ditiocarbamatos, indicados para quarenta e um diferentes tipos de cultura. O uso é intenso, conforme reportado pelo programa gerenciado pela ANVISA, o PARA – Programa Nacional de Análise de Resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos, que tem o objetivo de monitorar dados para atualização do risco de ingestão diária. A metodologia utilizada para o monitoramento dessas substâncias baseia-se na detecção fotométrica do dissulfeto de carbono (CS2), liberado na hidrólise ácida dos EBDCs contidos nos alimentos. O complexo cúprico amarelo formado é determinado espectrofotometricamente. Apesar da legislação especificar diferentes produtos ditiocarbamatos para diferentes culturas, contempla o seu limite máximo residual em CS2 para todos, não distinguindo as diferentes substâncias utilizadas.(...) Este trabalho mostra os resultados desta cultura de amostras comercializadas no Rio de Janeiro, provenientes dos estados do Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais e Bahia.

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RESUMO

The aim of this prospective randomized clinical study was to cephalometrically investigate the dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes produced by a removable appliance with a palatal crib associated with high-pull chin cup therapy in children with an Angle Class I anterior open bite (AOB) malocclusion. Thirty children (8 males and 22 females) with an initial mean age of 8.3 years and a mean AOB of 4.1 mm were treated with a removable appliance composed of a palatal crib associated with chin cup therapy for 12 months. A control group of 30 individuals (7 males and 23 females) closely matched for age, initial mean age 8.6 years, gender, and ethnicity with a mean AOB of 4.6 mm was followed without treatment. The measurements (means and standard deviations) were statistically analysed using a paired t-test. The results showed no significant differences in the level of molar eruption or in lower anterior face height, suggesting that the vertical control expected from the chin cup therapy did not occur. Dentoalveolar changes at the anterior region were evident, with statistically significant extrusion, retrusion, and lingual tipping of the maxillary and mandibular incisors (P < or = 0.05). However, these hard tissue changes did not imply soft tissue changes and the variables related to the soft profile were not statistically significantly different between the groups. The dentoalveolar changes at the anterior region of the dental arches were mainly responsible for closure of the AOB in patients treated in the mixed dentition.

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RESUMO

The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to evaluate the dentoalveolar and skeletal cephalometric changes of the Bionator appliance on individuals with a Class II division 1 malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms of 44 patients were divided into two equal groups. The control group comprised 22 untreated Class II children (11 males, 11 females), with an initial mean age of 8 years 7 months who were followed without treatment for a period of 13 months. The Bionator group (11 males, 11 females) had an initial mean age of 10 years 8 months, and were treated for a mean period of 16 months. Lateral cephalometric headfilms were obtained of each patient and control at the beginning and end of treatment. The results showed that there were no changes in forward growth of the maxilla in the experimental group compared with the control group. However, the Bionator treatment produced a statistically significant increase in mandibular protrusion, and in total mandibular and body lengths. There were no statistically significant differences in craniofacial growth direction between the Bionator group and the control group, although the treated patients demonstrated a greater increase in posterior face height. The Bionator appliance produced labial tipping of the lower incisors and lingual inclination of the upper incisors, as well as a significant increase (P < 0.01) in mandibular posterior dentoalveolar height. The major effects of the Bionator appliance were dentoalveolar, with a smaller significant skeletal effect. The results indicate that the correction of a Class II division 1 malocclusion with the Bionator appliance is achieved not only by a combination of mandibular skeletal effects, but also by significant dentoalveolar changes.

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RESUMO

Relato de caso de incisivos superiores funsionados, nos quais foi realizada a odontosecçäo e correçäo ortodôntica com a finalidade de devolver ao paciente condicçöes estética e funcional

Assuntos